scholarly journals Effect of Temperature Changes on the Bacterial and Fungal Succession Patterns during Composting of Some Organic Wastes in Greenhouse

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.C. Chinakwe ◽  
V.I. Ibekwe ◽  
M.C. Ofoh ◽  
N.U. Nwogwugwu ◽  
S.A. Adeleye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Fungal Succession ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Fungal Populations

Aim: Organic wastes were composted and the effect of temperature changes on the bacterial and fungal succession patterns studied. Study Design: The wastes which included cow dung (CD), pig waste (PW), poultry litter (PL) and source-separated municipal solid waste (MSW) and their combinations: PL+MSW, PW+MSW and CD+MSW were allowed to decompose for 70 days in a greenhouse. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out between September 2017 and January 2018, in the greenhouse of the Agricultural Research Farm of Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria. Methodology: The wastes were allowed to decompose for 70 days in a greenhouse using the modified windrow method of composting. Standard microbiological methods were used to monitor temperature changes in compost piles as well as changes in bacterial and fungal populations. Results: Results revealed that changes in temperature affected microbial composition in the compost piles. The highest temperature recorded was 60oC for cow dung (CD) compost pile while at maturity the temperature in all the compost piles ranged between 27°C to 30°C. Different bacterial and fungal populations were isolated during the thermophilic and mesophilc phases of composting. Bacteria isolates included species of Staphylococcus, Proteus, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Alcaligenes, Serratia, Lactobacillus and Pseudomonas. Others included Enterobacter, Bacillus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium and Micrococcus spp. Fungal species isolated included Candida, Saccharomyces, Rhizopus, Aspergillus, Mucor and Fusarium. Conclusion: The presence of some plant growth promoting (PGP) bacteria at the end of composting qualifies organic waste composts as effective nutrient sources for crop production and can be considered as potential alternatives to chemical fertilizers.

scholarly journals Changes in Microbial Population Numbers during Composting of Some Organic Wastes in Greenhouse

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
E. C. Chinakwe ◽  
U. N. Nwogwugwu ◽  
V. I. Ibekwe ◽  
I. N. Nwachukwu ◽  
C. E. Ihejirika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Colony Forming Units

Aim: This study identified and enumerated microorganisms associated with the composting of some organic wastes using the plate count method Study Design: The wastes were allowed to decompose for 70 days in greenhouse using the modified windrow method of composting. Standard methods were employed to monitor temperature changes in compost piles as well as changes in bacterial and fungal populations. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at in the Agricultural Research Centre of the Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria. Methodology: The organic wastes  namely Poultry Litter (PL), Pig waste (PW), Cow dung (CD) and Source-Separated Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) were composted/co-composted using the windrow method as modified .Sixty kilograms (60) each of PW, PL, CD and MSW were introduced respectively into 100-litre(L) buckets that had previously been perforated at several points. In the co-composted piles, 30 kg of both samples were introduced into the same 100 L bucket that had previously been perforated and then mixed thoroughly. The organic wastes were allowed to decompose at room temperature at a corner of the greenhouse. and initial microbial populations as well as subsequent populations  in the compost bins were studied using standard microbiological methods Results: Microbial populations increased concurrently with temperature during the first 3 – 4 weeks of composting except, however, for faecal coliforms and Salmonella. The highest temperature recorded was 60°C for cow dung (CD) compost pile though at maturity the temperature in all compost piles ranged between 27°C to 30°C. The bacterial colony forming units were higher than fungal colony forming units throughout the composting period for both mesopholic and themophilic microorganisms. The population of mesophilic organisms increased in the first 14 – 15 days; for cow dung, the initial total heterotrophic bacteria count (THBC) and total  coliform count (TCC) were 2.4 x107 cfu/g and 5.0 x105 cfu/g respectively and  increased to 2.5x108 cfu/g  and 1.7x107 cfu/g  for THBC and TCC, respectively, after the 14th day. Thermophilic bacteria dominated all the composting systems after the 21st day and lasted to the 35th day except for cow dung compost where thermophilic temperatures were still observed on the 45th day with a THBC of 6.3x106 cfu/g on the 49th day. Faecal coliforms and Salmonella were completely eliminated in all the compost systems after the 28th day with temperature values between 47°C – 60°C. Conclusion: Organic wastes when managed properly through the application of knowledge of composting can be transformed into beneficial materials for human and agricultural use.

scholarly journals Study of the Microbial Composition and Comparative Biogas Production from Fresh, Dried and Cow-Dung Seeded Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) Residue

2020 ◽  
pp. 221-230
Author(s):  
Okoh Ezennia Valentine Charles
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Microbiological Methods

The research study was aimed at identifying the microorganism(s) associated with biogas production as well as comparing the biogas production potential of the fresh, dried and cow dung seeded pumpkin wastes as substrate. The samples were procured from different fruit seller locations within Sokoto metropolis and the study conducted within a period of five weeks (35 days). Standard microbiological methods were used for isolating and identifying the microbes while fabricated anaerobic bio-digesters were used to ascertain the biogas production from the substrates. Analysis revealed that the pH varied between 6.30 to 7.20 and 5.0 to 6.2 before and during/after the anaerobic digestion respectively. Anaerobic bacteria isolated were identified as Enterobacter spp and Escherichia coli. The results showed 4850, 1430 and 1770 cm3 biogas production from the fresh, dried and cow dung co-seeded substrates respectively during the retention periods with a calorific value of 4773 kcal/kg. The volume of biogas produced varied significantly (p<0.05) between the substrate treatments and the digestion intervals (days). GC-MS analysis confirmed the identity of the produced methane. This study confirmed the role of bacteria as well as the capability of the substrate to produce biogas production in an in vitro bio-digester system.

scholarly journals The effect of rising concentration of atmospheric carbone dioxide on crop production

2016 ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
András Tamás
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

In the atmosphere, the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are rising in gradually increasing pace since the Industrial Revolution. The rising concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) contributes to global warming, and the changes affect to both the precipitation and the evaporation quantity. Moreover, the concentration of carbon dioxide directly affects the productivity and physiology of plants. The effect of temperature changes on plants is still controversial, although studies have been widely conducted. The C4-type plants react better in this respect than the C3-type plants. However, the C3-type plants respond more richer for the increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide and climate change.

Consideration of the temperature factor of atmospheric air when determining standard consumption of fuel and energy resources for train traction

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 375-381
Author(s):  
K. M. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Specific Consumption ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Coefficient ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Specific Flow ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Physical Laws

Abstract. Influence of air temperature on the consumption of fuel and energy resources (FER) on train traction is due to a number of physical laws. The extent of this effect is specified in the Rules for Traction Settlement (RTS). At the same time, when rationing FER consumption for train traction, a specialized methodical base is used, which involves a different approach to accounting for the effect of temperature on FER consumption for train traction. At the same time in different documents of this base, the effects of low temperature on the absolute and specific consumption of fuel and energy resources on train traction are taken into account in a different way, which is due to the lack of consensus among specialists on the way this factor is taken into account. Specialists of JSC “VNIIZhT” carried out an analysis of a significant amount of driver’s routes data, results of which showed that the dependence of the specific flow rate on temperature, on the basis of which the corresponding influence coefficient is determined, needs to be periodically updated. In addition, when technically standardizing the consumption of fuel and energy resources (for the locomotive crew work site), the temperature effect coefficients need to be calculated for a specific work area and direction of motion on it, while using the average network coefficient values will lead to errors. When calculating additional flow of fuel and energy from the effect of temperature for electric multiple units (EMU), the equations of regression dependencies should be used, obtained by statistical processing of data on temperature changes and specific consumption of fuel and energy resources for EMU and determined for each series of EMU when working on a particular suburban area.

Flow Behaviors of High Acyl Gellan Aqueous Solutions as Affected by Temperature, and Calcium and Gellan Concentrations

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqun Huang ◽  
Pawan Singh Takhar ◽  
Juming Tang ◽  
Barry G Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Rheological Behaviors ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

Rheological behaviors of high acyl (HA) gellan are not well understood partially because of its relatively late commercialization compared to low acyl gellan. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature (5-30 °C), calcium (0, 1 and 10 mM) and gellan concentrations (0.0044-0.1000% w/v) on the flow behaviors of high acyl gellan aqueous solutions using rheological tests. Gellan solutions with 0 or 1 mM added Ca++ exhibited shear thinning behavior at gellan concentrations above 0.0125%. The influence of temperature on apparent viscosity (shear rate, 100 s-1) of gellan solutions can be described with an Arrhenius relationship. The apparent viscosity of gellan solution at low concentrations was more sensitive to temperature changes. The addition of Ca++ led to a decrease in flow resistance for a dilute gellan solution (<0.0125%), but an increased resistance for a relatively concentrated gellan solution (>0.0125%).

Impact of processing methods on microbial load of reared and wild-caught edible crickets (Scapsipedus icipe and Gryllus bimaculatus) in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Gatheru ◽  
F.M. Khamis ◽  
F.L.O. Ombura ◽  
J. Nonoh ◽  
C.M. Tanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Deep Frying ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Gryllus Bimaculatus ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Microbial Counts ◽  
Fungal Populations

The microbial composition of farmed and wild Scapsipedus icipe and Gryllus bimaculatus is presented. The aim of this study is to determine the microbial load of the two cricket species and evaluate the efficiency of processing methods (boiling, sun-drying, freeze-drying, snap-freezing and deep-frying) in reducing microbial counts. Farmed and wild species were compared based on microbial diversity. Fresh crickets had high microbial counts, bacterial and fungal populations ranged from 4.26-4.58 log cfu/g and 3.48-4.48 log cfu/g fresh weight, respectively. Upon processing, microbial counts reduced, bacterial counts ranged from 1.00-2.08 log cfu/g dry weight (boiled) and 2.70-3.34 log cfu/g dry weight (sun-dried). Fungal counts ranged from1.85-1.95 log cfu/g dry weight (boiled) and 2.95-3.51 log cfu/g dry weight (sun-dried). Deep-frying, freeze-drying and snap-freezing emerged as the best processing methods. Although there is no alarm in consuming fresh crickets, a processing method is advisable to minimize any possible risks.

Evaluation of the Dry Bean Model BEANGRO V1.01 for Crop Production Research in a Tropical Environment

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. White ◽  
G. Hoogenboom ◽  
J. W. Jones ◽  
K. J. Boote
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Oriented Growth ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Qualitative Response ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Production Research

SUMMARYMicrocomputer-based simulation models are increasingly being recommended as multipurpose tools for agricultural research. Use of a model should be conditioned by an evaluation of its performance and understanding of its limitations. This paper evaluates the responses of the process-oriented growth model for dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), BEANGRO V1.01, with an emphasis on the factors related to cultivar differences for production in tropical environments. Simulations of seed yield from beans grown under conditions of a known water deficit showed good agreement with observed data. The qualitative response to plant population resembled that of a field trial, and the model showed the expected linear relation between days to maturity and seed yield. Overall, the results suggest that BEANGRO has utility for certain types of agronomic studies, but that improvements are possible, particularly with respect to prediction of phenology.

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