scholarly journals Isolation, Identification and Evaluation of Egyptian Bacillus sp. Isolates for Producing Poly-γ-glutamic Acid

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Rania F. Ahmed ◽  
Hala Badr Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Water Soluble Polymer ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Bacillus Sonorensis ◽  
Tree Building

Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a non-toxic, biodegradable, and water-soluble polymer secreted from different microbes. We isolated forty-nine Bacillus spp. isolates generating PGA from the soil of different Egyptian regions. A total of 18% of these isolates were found to highly produce PGA in the range of 5- 8 gl-l. Two of them, B44 and B42, were identified by the16SrRNA DNA sequence, and they shared 81% of similarity. The most similar DNA sequences to B44-16SrRNA were Bacillus sp. (FJ607057.1) and Bacillus sonorensis (KP236346.1) matching 99% and 94% of similarity, respectively. However, B42-16SrRNA was similar 99% to several Bacillus species. The tree-building algorithm MEGA-X constructed the phylogenetic tree of 16SrRNA DNA sequences for Bacillus 44 and Bacillus 42 strains along with other similar Bacillus species revealing the distance between them. We also boosted the PGA production of both strains. Bacillus 44 strain revealed the highest accumulation level of PGA at 35°C and 72 h of incubation using medium M with inoculum size and agitation speed 3% and 250 rpm, respectively. Both strains secreted the PGA biopolymer with a molecular mass of 55 kDa. This investigation is an attempt of boosting promising Egyptian Bacillus sp. isolates for PGA production that may be a seed for industrial production.

scholarly journals Optimization of Some Nutritional Conditions and α- Ketoglutaric Acid Concentration as PGA Precursor for Maximizing PGA Production from Bacillus sp. 42 and Bacillus sonorensis 44

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Rania F. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Glutaric Acid ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Induction Effect ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Bacillus Sonorensis

Poly gamma glutamic acid is a biodegradable, water soluble and non-toxic edible biopolymer, PGA has nylon back bone similar structure and expressed as bio-nylon. Various bacterial strains produced PGA on of them Bacillus sp. such as B. subtilis, B. lichanformans and B. sonorensis. Polymer yield was affected with medium composition as nitrogen and carbon sources. The current experimental was carried out using shake flask technique for PGA production during 72 of fermentation. The highest biomass was achieved at glycerol media and glucose media for PGA yield and productivity being 2.31, 9.65 gl-1 and 0.134 gl-1h-1, respectively of B. sonorensis 44. Of nitrogen source, organic source (yeast extract) was higher PGA yield  and productivity than inorganic sources (NH4NO3) which reduced PGA yield about 28.7 and 36.02% of Bacillus sp. 42 and B. sonorensis 44, respectively. Production media supple-  mented with 0.5 and 0.75 gl-1 α-keto-glutaric acid increased PGA yield about 1.24fold for both Bacillus strains. Osmotic pressure of 2.55 MPa (3% NaCl) enhanced PGA yield about  1.18 and 1.24fold of Bacillus sp. 42 and B. sonorensis 44, respectively. Furthermore, the highest PGA was received using medium containing glucose and yeast extract (as C and N2 sources). α-keto-glutaric acid and osmotic potential has an induction effect for polymer accumulation.

scholarly journals Isolation, characterization of Bacillus sp. producing heavy metal absorption γ-PGA

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Sy Le Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Keitarou Kimura ◽  
Thi Tuyen Do ◽  
Thi Ngoc Anh Le
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Gene 16S Rrna ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Biological Adhesive ◽  
Molecular Biology Method

Poly-gamma-glutamic acid (γPGA), which is a biodegradable, non-immunogenic and unusual anionic amino-acid polymer consist of D- and L-glutamic acid units, was exploited for a wide array of useful applications. Bacillus are well known cellular system important for fermentation to synthesize γPGA, which is used as thickener, drugs carrier, cryoprotectant, humectant, biological adhesive, flocculants, or heavy metal absorbent. This study focused on the isolation of Bacillus spp. that is possible to produce γ-PGA from different soil samples from different places in Vietnam. Study the effect of precursors, temperature, carbon sources, times and pH on γ-PGA production. From 31 soil samples and 4 straws samples, strain 20.2 which produced the highest γ-PGA yields (riches 15.2 mg/ml), was identified as Bacillus sp. 20.2 by molecular biology method. The suitable conditions for growing of Bacillus sp. 20.2 strain to produce γ-PGA are at 37°C, pH 7 after 72 hours. Citric acid instead of glucose in a GSP medium is better for producing γ-PGA by strain Bacillus sp. 20.2. Poly-gamma-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) là một polymer amino-acid gồm D và L-glutamic acid, có khả năng phân hủy sinh học, không gây miễn dịch, đã được ứng dụng rộng rãi trong công nghiệp, y học. Bacillus subtilis được biết đến là hệ thống tế bào ý nghĩa quan trọng trong quá trình lên men để tổng hợp γ-PGA. γ-PGA hòa tan trong nước, phân hủy sinh học và không độc đối với con người và môi trường. γ-PGA ổn định với nhiều protease vì các protease thường không nhận acid γ-glutamic (Obst et al., 2004). γ-PGA có cấu trúc đồng phân đơn giản, không gây miễn dịch. Do đó, γ-PGA đã được quan tâm ứng dụng trong các lĩnh vực như y học, công nghiệp thực phẩm, mỹ phẩm và đặc biệt là xử lý nước nhiễm kim loại nặng. Trong nghiên cứu này chúng tôi tập trung phân lập, tuyển chọn các chủng Bacillus có khả năng sinh tổng hợp PGA cao. Sau đó định danh và đánh giá khả năng sinh tổng hợp PGA từ chủng đã phân lập được. Kết quả cho thấy từ 34 mẫu rơm và đất, chúng tôi đã phân lập được chủng với mã số 20.2 có khả năng sinh PGA cao nhất đạt 15.2 mg/ml. Chủng này đã được định danh bằng phân tích trình tự gene 16S rRNA và thuộc loài Bacillus sp. Môi trường thích hợp sinh tổng hợp PGA là GSP ở điều kiện 37oC pH7 sau 72 giờ nuôi cấy.

Neurotoxicity and Neuroprotective Effects of Polyimides (PI) and Polyphenylenevinylene (PPV) against Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Norfaezah Mazalan ◽  
Mazatulikhma Mat Zain ◽  
Nor Saliyana Jumali ◽  
Norhanim Mohalid ◽  
Zurina Shaameri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Brain Delivery ◽  
Specific Therapy ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Water Soluble Polymer ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Novel Drugs

Recently, research and development in the field of drug delivery systems (DDS) facilitating site-specific therapy has reached significant progression. DDS based on polymer micelles, coated micro- and nanoparticles, and various prodrug systems including water-soluble polymer have been prepared and extensively studied as novel drugs designed for cancer chemotherapy and brain delivery. Since polymers are going to be used in human, this study has the interest of testing two types of polymer, polyimides (PI) and polyphenylenevinylene (PPV) on neuronal cells. The objective of this study was to determine the possible neurotoxicity and potential neuroprotective effects of PI and PPV towards SH-SY5Y neuronal cells challenged by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidant. Cells were pretreated with either PI or PPV for 1 hour followed by incubation for 24 hour with 100 µM of H2O2. MTS assay was used to assess cell viability. Results show that PI and PPV are not harmful within the concentration up to 10 µM and 100 µM, respectively. However, PI and PPV do not protect neuronal cells against toxicity induced by H2O2 or further up the cell death.

Isolation, identification and in silico study of native cellulase producing bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzane Kargar ◽  
Mojtaba Mortazavi ◽  
Mahmood Maleki ◽  
Masoud Torkzadeh Mahani ◽  
Younes Ghasemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Chain Polymer ◽  
Bacillus Toyonensis

Aims: The purpose of this study was to screen the bacteria producing cellulase enzymes and their bioinformatics studies. Background: Cellulose is a long-chain polymer of glucose that hydrolyzes by cellulases to glucose molecules. In order to design the new biotechnological applications, some strategies have been used as increasing the efficiency of enzyme production, generating cost-effective enzymes, producing stable enzymes and identification of new strains. Objective: On the other hand, some bacteria special features have made them suitable candidates for the identification of the new source of enzymes. In this regard, some native strains of bacteria were screened. Method: These bacteria were grown on a culture containing the liquid M9 media containing CMC to ensure the synthesis of cellulase. The formation of a clear area in the culture medium indicated decomposition of cellulose. In the following, the DNA of these bacteria were extracted and their 16S rDNA genes were amplified. Result: The results show that nine samples were able to synthesize cellulase. In following, these strains were identified using 16S rDNA. The results show that these screened bacteria belonged to the Bacillus sp., Alcaligenes sp., Alcaligenes sp., and Enterobacter sp.conclusionThe enzyme activity analysis shows that the Bacillus toyonensis, Bacillus sp. strain XA15-411 Bacillus cereus have produced the maximum yield of cellulases. However, these amounts of enzyme production in these samples are not proportional to their growth rate. As the bacterial growth chart within 4 consecutive days shows that the Alcaligenes sp. Bacillus cereus, Bacillus toyonensis, Bacillus sp. strain XA15-411 have a maximum growth rate. The study of the phylogenetic tree also shows that Bacillus species are more abundant in the production of cellulase enzyme. These bioinformatics analyses show that the Bacillus species have different evolutionary relationships and evolved in different evolutionary time. Other: However, for maximum cellulase production by this bacteria, some information as optimum temperature, optimum pH, carbon and nitrogen sources are needed for the ideal formulation of media composition. The cellulase production is closely controlled in microorganisms and the cellulase yields appear to depend on a variety of factors. However, the further studies are needed for cloning, purification and application of these new microbial cellulases in the different commercial fields as in food, detergent, and pharmaceutical, paper, textile industries and also various chemical industries. However, these novel enzymes can be further engineered through rational design or using random mutagenesis techniques.

scholarly journals Self-Healing Polymer-Clay Hybrids by Facile Complexation of a Waterborne Polymer with a Clay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aranee Pleng Teepakakorn ◽  
Makoto Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Soluble Polymer ◽  
Water Soluble Polymer ◽  
Smectite Clay

Water-induced self-healing materials were prepared by the hybridization of a water-soluble polymer, poly(vinyl alcohol), with a smectite clay by mixing in an aqueous media and subsequent casting. Without using chemical...

scholarly journals Screening and Characterization of Potent Poly Glutamic Acid Producing Bacillus sp. Isolated from Kinema, Water and Soil Samples

Heliyon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. e07715
Author(s):  
Punam Thapa ◽  
Alina Thapa ◽  
Sujan Khadka ◽  
Sanjeep Sapkota ◽  
Om Prakash Panta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Water And Soil Samples

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Effects of Potential Probiotics of Bacillus spp. Isolated from Human Microbiota: In Vitro and In Silico Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1615
Author(s):  
Alfonso Torres-Sánchez ◽  
Jesús Pardo-Cacho ◽  
Ana López-Moreno ◽  
Ángel Ruiz-Moreno ◽  
Klara Cerk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Contaminant Exposure ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
In Silico Methods

The variable taxa components of human gut microbiota seem to have an enormous biotechnological potential that is not yet well explored. To investigate the usefulness and applications of its biocompounds and/or bioactive substances would have a dual impact, allowing us to better understand the ecology of these microbiota consortia and to obtain resources for extended uses. Our research team has obtained a catalogue of isolated and typified strains from microbiota showing resistance to dietary contaminants and obesogens. Special attention was paid to cultivable Bacillus species as potential next-generation probiotics (NGP) together with their antimicrobial production and ecological impacts. The objective of the present work focused on bioinformatic genome data mining and phenotypic analyses for antimicrobial production. In silico methods were applied over the phylogenetically closest type strain genomes of the microbiota Bacillus spp. isolates and standardized antimicrobial production procedures were used. The main results showed partial and complete gene identification and presence of polyketide (PK) clusters on the whole genome sequences (WGS) analysed. Moreover, specific antimicrobial effects against B. cereus, B. circulans, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Salmonella spp. confirmed their capacity of antimicrobial production. In conclusion, Bacillus strains isolated from human gut microbiota and taxonomic group, resistant to Bisphenols as xenobiotics type endocrine disruptors, showed parallel PKS biosynthesis and a phenotypic antimicrobial effect. This could modulate the composition of human gut microbiota and therefore its functionalities, becoming a predominant group when high contaminant exposure conditions are present.

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