scholarly journals Sex Hormone Disruption and Histological Changes in Testes on Chronic Dichlorvos Exposure in Animal Model

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-106
Author(s):  
Raymond A. Vhriterhire ◽  
Samuel O. Odeh ◽  
Gideon U. Egesie
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Residual Bodies

Background: Dichlorvos is an organophosphate used indiscriminately as a pesticide in homes and for agricultural purposes. This study evaluated the effects of its low dose sub-lethal chronic exposure on male reproductive function using an animal (Rattus norvegicus) model. Methodology: Three groups of rats were given dichlorvos at the dosages of 0.28 mg/kg, 0.56 mg/kg and 1.68 mg/kg respectively on alternate days. The control group was given only plain drinking water. The experiment lasted for 50 weeks. Results: Dichlorvos induced a dosage variation effect on blood levels of follicle stimulating hormone but this was insignificant on levels of luteinizing hormone, oestrogen, progesterone and dihydrotestosterone. Prolonged treatment with dichlorvos had no overall influence on luteinizing hormone levels. The major histological findings in descending order of frequency included tubular atrophy and degeneration, germ cell depletion, germ cell exfoliation, tubular necrosis, spermatid retention and Leydig cell hyperplasia, each scored on a semi-quantitative scale. After 50 weeks of dichlorvos treatment, progesterone and oestrogen blood levels both had strong positive correlations with the frequency of germ cell exfoliation and residual bodies in the testes. In contrast, there was no statistically significant correlation between blood levels of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and dihydrotestosterone and the histological findings. Conclusion: This research evaluated the chronic effect of low dichlorvos exposure on reproductive function using an animal model. There was a strong positive correlation between progesterone and germ cell exfoliation and residual bodies. Oestrogen also correlated with germ cell exfoliation, depletion and presence of residual bodies. Furthermore, the correlation between the blood hormone levels and histological changes in the testes was largely unpredictable.

scholarly journals The combination of Elephantopus scaber and Sauropus androgynus promotes erythroid lineages and modulates follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels in pregnant mice infected with Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
pp. 1398-1404
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sasmito Djati ◽  
Yuyun Ika Christina ◽  
Muhaimin Rifa'i
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
Elephantopus Scaber ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Background and Aim: Escherichia coli infection produces an adverse effect on the erythrocyte lineage and hormone levels during pregnancy. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Elephantopus scaber (ES) and Sauropus androgynus (SA) in combination on circulating follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels and erythropoiesis changes in E. coli-infected pregnant mice. Materials and Methods: Female Balb/c mice were mated with normal male mice and pregnancies were identified by the formation of vaginal plugs. Twenty-eight pregnant mice were divided randomly into seven groups: A control group (N), E. coli-infected pregnant mice (K+), and infected pregnant mice received the following five treatments: (1) Only ES; (2) ESSA1 (75:25); (3) ESSA2 (50:50); (4) ESSA3 (25:75); and (5) only SA, beginning from the 1st to the 16th day of pregnancy. Pregnant mice were infected with 107 CFU/mL of E. coli on day 4. Blood serum was collected on days 8, 12, and 16 of pregnancy and LH and FSH levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bone marrow was isolated to determine the relative number of TER-119+VLA4+ and TER-119+CD34+ using flow cytometry. Results: The ESSA1 and SA groups exhibited a marked increase in LH levels. The combination of ES and SA administered at a 25:75 ratio (ESSA3) altered FSH levels and the relative number of TER-119+VLA4+ in infected pregnant mice. Combined with SA at an equal ratio (50:50), ESSA2 group exhibited a significant increase in the expression of TER119+CD34+ compared with the other treatment groups. Conclusion: ES and SA combined at a ratio of 25:75 exhibited optimal results in altering hormonal and erythropoiesis in infected pregnant mice.

scholarly journals Complementary effects of coenzyme Q10 and Lepidium sativum supplementation on the reproductive function of mice: An experimental study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Rahimi Asl ◽  
Maryam Khosravi ◽  
Ramin Hajikhani ◽  
Jalal Solati ◽  
Hossein Fahimi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Weight Groups

Background: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and Lepidium sativum (LS) have therapeutic effects on infertility. Objective: To evaluate the combined effects of LS and CoQ10 on reproductive function in adult male NMRI mice. Materials and Methods: Eighty three-months-old male mice (35–40 gr) were divided into four groups (n = 10/each): control (treated with water), CoQ10-treated (200, 300, and 400 mg/kg/body weight), LS-treated (200, 400, 600 mg/kg/body weight), and co-treated (LS [600 mg/kg/body weight] + CoQ10 [200 mg/kg/body weight]) groups. Serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and gonadotropin realizing hormone (GnRH) levels were measured using ELISA method. The sperm quality was assessed using Sperm Class Analyzer® (SCA) CASA system and GnRH mRNA expression levels were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The number of sniffing and following behavior was significantly higher in LStreated (400 and 600 mg/ml/body weight) groups than the control group (p = 0.0007 and p = 0.0010, respectively). The number of mounting and coupling behaviors was significantly higher in the CoQ10 (300 and 400 mg/ml/body weight)-treated animals than the control group (p = 0.0170 and p = 0.0006, respectively). Co-treatment of CoQ10 (200 mg/ml/body weight) and LS (600 mg/ml/body weight) significantly increased all aspects of sexual behaviors as well as the levels of serum testosterone (p = 0.0011), luteinizing hormone (p = 0.0062), and follicle-stimulating hormone (p = 0.0001); sperm viability (p = 0.0300) and motility (p = 0.0010); and GnRH mRNA levels (p = 0.0016) compared to the control group. Conclusion: The coadministration of CoQ10 and LS significantly improves the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and enhances the reproductive parameters in adult male mice. Key words: Lepidium sativum, Coenzyme Q10, Infertility, Male reproductive function.

Pituitary and gonadal responsiveness is enhanced during GnRH-induced puberty

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (5) ◽  
pp. E652-E657
Author(s):  
D. I. Spratt ◽  
W. F. Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Gnrh Secretion ◽  
Serum Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Before And After

We hypothesized that the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) signal that initiates sexual maturation is further amplified at both the pituitary and gonadal levels during puberty. To test this theory, six GnRH-deficient men were monitored during administration of exogenous GnRH at a physiological frequency for greater than or equal to 9 mo. GnRH doses were progressively increased until normal testosterone (T) concentrations and secondary sexual development were achieved. This "optimized" dose of GnRH was then sustained for at least 6 mo to allow maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The GnRH dose was then progressively decreased to a level that had been unable to stimulate normal T secretion before sexual maturation. Changes in pituitary responsiveness were analyzed in four of the six men by comparing gonadotropin responses to identical doses of GnRH before and after sexual maturation. Mean serum luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels as well as luteinizing hormone pulse amplitudes were greater after the induction of sexual maturation than before despite identical doses of GnRH. Both pituitary and gonadal responsiveness was then analyzed in the remaining two subjects by choosing periods of evaluation where endogenous gonadotropin levels were matched before and after the period of sexual maturation. Serum T concentrations were greater after sexual maturation than before despite equivalent gonadotropin input to the testes and LH pulse amplitudes. Thus the testicular responsiveness to gonadotropins increased during sexual maturation. After initiation of puberty by GnRH secretion, amplification at both the pituitary and gonadal levels contributes to sexual maturation in the human.

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