scholarly journals Farmers’ Knowledge and Perception on CommonBeans Production Constraints and their Mitigation Methods in the Humid Rainforest and Highland Savanna of Cameroon

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-85
Author(s):  
Henry A. Andukwa ◽  
Nelson N. Ntonifor
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
West Region ◽  
South West ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Background: Common beans, Phaseolus vulgaris is one of the most important plant protein sources in many African countries including Cameroon. It is a major source to smallholder farmers and some large-scale farmers. Common beans also fixes atmospheric nitrogen in symbiosis with rhizobia thus improving soil fertility. Despite the importance of this major food and cash crop, its production in Cameroon is constrained by several abiotic and biotic factors. Therefore it was hypothesized that bean farmers in the study regions have knowledge on; (1) the various factors that hamper bean production; (2) the planting periods/seasons that the various constraints are more important; (3) they have their own indigenous methods of mitigating these constraints but would prefer more appropriate methods if available. Aims: To document when farmers plant beans,how they handled the crop when matured, and if they faced problems with rot/mould, insects orany other constraints in their beans and how they manage these problems. Study Design: Random interviewing of beans farmers. Place and Duration of Study: Interviewed farmers in Buea and Dschang of the humid rainforest and highland agro-ecological zones of Cameroonrespectively from January 2017 to December 2017. Methodology: A semi-structural questionnaire was administered to 519 randomly selected bean farmers in two agro-ecological zones; the humid rainforest and highland savanna. A total of 163 from Bueain the south west (humid rainforest) and 356 from Dschang in the west (highland savanna) were randomly interviewed to document the farmers’ perceptions on various constraints hampering beansproduction, when these are most limiting and the various methods they use to mitigate them. Results: Farmers in both agro-ecological zones lacked adequate land surface area for bean production and suffered from low yields. In the highland savanna or west region, 166 (45.98%) and 119 (75.32%) in the humid rainforest or south west region grew beans in farms of sizes <1Ha. Only 2 (1.27%) of bean farmers in the South West and 35 (9.69%) in the West produced beans on farms >2Ha. Most farmers in the west 267 (73.96%) and 139 (87.97%) in the south west produced only 1-3 bags of 50kg each of beans/ha.The farmers faced problems with mold/rot and insect pests; the mold/rot was the most nagging for beans that matured during the rainy season while insect pests was the major constraint for the dry season beans. The mold/rot was controlled mainly by the adjustment of the planting dates of beans while different types of insecticides were used against the insect pests. Farmers also face problems in having adequate/appropriate staking materials for the climbing or indeterminate bean varieties. Conclusion: Considering that farmers face the actual daily challenges of bean production. Their knowledge and perceptions of the production constraints of this crop are quintessential and should count in defining research priorities aimed at mitigating the problems in order to increase beans production. Therefore, there is need for research to test and/or validate these farmers knowledge and perceptions about bean production constraints as a prelude to vulgarizing the effective control/management options.

scholarly journals Comparative Experimental Effects of Intercropping and Cypermethrin on Insect Pest Infestation and Yield of Maize, Cowpea and Okra in Two Cameroonian Agro-Ecological Zones

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-393
Author(s):  
Patient Farsia Djidjonri ◽  
Nukenine Elias Nchiwan ◽  
Hartmut Koehler
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

The present study investigates the effect of intercropping (maize-cowpea, maize-okra, maize-okra-cowpea, okra-cowpea) compared to insecticide application on the level of infestation of insect pests and the final yield of maize, cowpea and okra. Field experiments were conducted during the 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons in the Guinean Savannah (Dang-Ngaoundere) and Sudano Sahelian (Gouna-Garoua) agro-ecological zones in Cameroon. Our experimental design was a split plot arrangement in a randomized complete block with four replications. The main factor was assigned to the use of insecticide (Cypermethrin) and sub plots were devoted for cropping systems. We compared the efficiency of intercropping to that of Cypermethrin application on the Yield of maize, cowpea and okra as influenced by insect pest damages. The comparison of monocropped sprayed by Cypermethrin to unsprayed showed that, in Dang, insect pests reduced maize yield by 37% and 24% in 2016 and 2017, respectively, whereas in Gouna, it was lower than 8% during the both years. Reduction in seed yield by insect pests on cowpea in Dang represented 47% and 50% in 2016 and 2017, respectively, whereas in Gouna, it was 55% and 63% in 2016 and 2017, respectively. For okra, insect pests reduced okra fruit yield by 25% and 44% in Dang and 23% and 28% in Gouna, respectively, in 2016 and 2017. Crop yield was lower in intercropping compared to monoculture due to competition of plants in association on different resources. Considering the total yields obtained from each intercropping, intercropping trials resulted generally in higher yields compared to mono-culture (LER > 1) in both sites and years but the respective yields were quite different. On the basis of the results obtained, we recommend maize-cowpea intercropping as a sustainable solution to reduce the infestation level of their pest insects.

The Base and Top of the Coral-rock in Barbados

1937 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 337-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Trechmann
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
East Part ◽  
Varying Thickness ◽  
South West ◽  
New Information ◽  
Main Portion ◽  
Coral Rock

1. The coral-rock commences nearly everywhere with a basal bed of varying thickness containing a fauna of pre-Pleistocene aspect among which the genus Haliotis (absent from these coasts at the present day), Pleurotomaria, Meiocardia, etc., are noticeable. This faunule may have lived at a depth of 700–1,000 feet.2. The supposition that the southerly anticlines are a later uplift than the main portion of Barbados is supported by the absence of ravines, and the presence of post-coral-rock beds which occur as coastal veneers at low altitudes, and in greater thickness in the south-east corner near Whitehaven.3. The south-east part of the island from Consett Point to Ragged Point has probably extended further seawards in comparatively recent times ; the series of converging faults and dislocations in the cliff sections suggest that the thrusts from the west or south-west may have been resisted by this part of the island.4. The relative claims of fault-scarping or marine erosion in production of the rising terraces is discussed ; and new information regarding the thickness of the coral-rock at sea-level from a boring is detailed.5. The finding of a faunule with Pliocene or possibly Miocene affinities at the base of the coral-rock puts the Oceanic series further back, into the Miocene.

scholarly journals The Results of a Chemical, Microscopical and Bacteriological Examination of Samples of London Milks

1907 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Tanner Hewlett ◽  
George S. Barton
Keyword(s):  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
Milk Supply ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Pure Milk

In view of the importance of a pure milk supply, we considered that it might be of interest to examine chemically, microscopically, and bacteriologically, a number of specimens of milk coming into the Metropolis for which purpose we decided to select samples from the various counties, the milk of which is consigned to London. We found that milk so consigned comes from about twenty-six counties extending from Derby in the North, to Hampshire and Devonshire in the South and South-West, and from Hereford in the West, to Norfolk in the East.

scholarly journals Technical Efficiency Assessment of Dairy Farm in the South-west Region of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Fariha Farjana ◽  
Afia Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
The South ◽  
Average Output ◽  
West Region ◽  
South West ◽  
South West Region

The paper concentrates on the measurement of the total factor productivity of dairy farms in the south-west region of Bangladesh. The study used stochastic frontier approach for analyzing the technical efficiency of the dairy farms. Here, seventy dairy farms are considered as a sample. The data reveals that the number of labor and the quantity of food are statistically significant at a 1 percent level of significance.The data also manifests that numerous farm-specific characteristics, i.e. farm size, farmer’s age, and amount of credit are statistically significant at 1 percent, 10 percent, and 10 percent respectively. The range of technical efficiency for the farms varies from 26 percent (minimum) to 95 percent (maximum) where the mean value is 68 percent for the dairy farms of the south-west region. This implies that an average output of milk production falls 32 percent short of maximum possible level. Hence, there is scope of improvement in this sector. Therefore, to improve the farm productivity government should provide proper training, and medical treatment facilities for the farms so that the animals become healthy. If it is possible to do so then the farm level production frontier will shift upward.

scholarly journals Environmental Adaptability and Rock Dust Concentrations in Lettuce Cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
L. L. Ferreira ◽  
Carmen Rosa da Silva Curvêlo ◽  
Gileade Costa Leonel Amaral ◽  
Juliana Naves de Campos ◽  
Rodrigo Vieira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Variance Analysis ◽  
The South ◽  
West Region ◽  
South West ◽  
Experimental Area ◽  
Environmental Adaptability ◽  
South West Region ◽  
Rock Dust

The purpose of this work is to analyze lettuce cultivars different responses to environmental adaptability and rock dust concentrations in agroclimatic conditions in the south-west region of Goi&aacute;s state. The work was conducted in the county of Mineiros, Goi&aacute;s. The experimental area soil&rsquo;s was classified as quartzarenic NEOSOL. In experiment number 1, was used experimental design in random blocks in factorial 5 &times; 2, corresponding to five rock dust concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg ha-1), in two lettuce cultivars of Crespa and Americana lettuce. In experiment number 2 was applied experimental design in randomized blocks, which were constituted by 7 lettuce cultivars (Hanson, Simpson S. Preta, Baba de Ver&atilde;o, Maravilha de Inverno, Grandes Lagos, Crespa Palmas, and 4 Esta&ccedil;&atilde;o). The data results were analyzed 45 days after seeds transplant. The results were submitted to variance analysis and Turkey&rsquo;s regression and test at a 5% probability. The 400 kg ha-1 rock dust dose didn&rsquo;t have any effects in lettuce cultivars Crespa and Americana, once that, rock dust nutrients mineralization occurs very slowly, not interfering in the lettuce first cycle. 4 Esta&ccedil;&atilde;o cultivar presented good environmental adaptability to Goi&aacute;s south-west agroclimatic conditions, more specifically in Mineiros, where it is recommended lettuce cultivation in summer-fall.

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