Relationship between Anaemia during Pregnancy and Postpartum Haemorrhage: A Case from Saudi Arabia

Background: Anemia during pregnancy is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among postpartum women. The main reason for the condition is dietary Iron deficiency and the most common type of anemia found in women during pregnancy is iron deficiency anemia. Among many complications, postpartum hemorrhage is a problem linked with anemia during pregnancy. In Saudi Arabia, pregnancy and postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is not common but still, cases are reported. The present study aimed to determine its prevalence in population and to see its relationship with anemia during pregnancy. Methods: It was an analytical cross-sectional study in which the data was collected from women using properly designed questionnaires. The study population was women who got pregnant and delivered in main hospitals of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The data of respondents for demographical and clinical variables were collected and analyzed using SPSS using appropriate statistical tests. Results: 600 participants responded to the questionnaire. The mean age was 26.32 years. The prevalence of PPH among studied population was 11.9%. Anemia during pregnancy was found to be positively associated with PPH with the p value of 0.0039. Smoking history was also correlated with PPH. There was no strong association between age and increase risk of PPH. Conclusion: This study concluded that PPH is not common in Saudi Arabia. There is a moderate association of anemia during pregnancy and PPH. Smoking is also a positive predictor for PPH. There are some limitations in the study so there is a need of large-scale study to confirm the findings in the population.

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANAEMIA DURING PREGNANCY AND POSTPARTUM HAEMORRHAGE

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/12270 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 1177-1182

Author(s):

Dr. Hanyah Abdulhadi Al-Khify ◽

◽

Dr. Manal Abdulaziz Murad ◽

Dr. Hoda Jehad Abousada ◽

Dr. Hala Hashem Alshareef ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Large Scale ◽

Postpartum Haemorrhage ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Smoking History ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

P Value ◽

Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽

Anemia During Pregnancy

Background: Anemia during pregnancy is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among postpartum women. The main reason for the condition is dietary Iron deficiency and the most common type of anemia found in women during pregnancy is iron deficiency anemia. Among many complications, postpartum hemorrhage is a problem linked with anemia during pregnancy. In Saudi Arabia, pregnancy and postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is not common but still cases are reported. The present study aimed to determine its prevalence in population and to see its relationship with anemia during pregnancy. Methods: It was an analytical cross sectional study in which the data was collected from women using properly designed questionnaires. The study population was women who got pregnant and delivered in main hospitals of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The data of respondents for demographical and clinical variables was collected andanalyzed using SPSS using appropriate statistical tests. Results: 600 participants responded to the questionnaire. The mean age was 26.32 years. The prevalence of PPH among studied population was 11.9%. Anemia during pregnancy was found to be positively associated with PPH with the p value of0.0039. Smoking history was also correlated with PPH. There was no strong association between age and increase risk of PPH. Conclusion: The study concluded thatPPH is not common in Saudi Arabia. There is a moderate association of anemia during pregnancy and PPH. Smoking is also a positive predictor for PPH.Thereare some limitations in the study so there is a need of large scale study to confirm the findings in the population.

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Intravenous iron sucrose complex in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy

European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology ◽

10.1016/0301-2115(95)02538-3 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 121-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

Abdul-Kareem Al-Momen ◽

Abdulaziz Al-Meshari ◽

Lulu Al-Nuaim ◽

Abdulaziz Saddique ◽

Zainab Abotalib ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Intravenous Iron ◽

Iron Sucrose ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Anemia During Pregnancy

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EDUKASI MENGENAI ANEMIA DEFISIENSI BESI BAGI REMAJA PUTRI DENGAN MEDIA LEAFLET

Prosiding SENAPENMAS ◽

10.24912/psenapenmas.v0i0.15000 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 279

Author(s):

Angelita Afina Arif Putri ◽

Amirah Salwa ◽

Utami Wahyuningsih

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Correct Answer ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Rank Test ◽

P Value ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽

Signed Rank Test

One of the nutritional problems that often occurs among adolescents is iron deficiency anemia. Especially for adolescent girls who have a higher risk of anemia than adolescent boys. Based on data from Riskesdas 2018, the prevalence of anemia in adolescents aged 15-24 years is 32%, meaning that there are still anemia problems in Indonesia that have not been resolved. The purpose of this community dedication activity is to provide education about iron deficiency anemia for adolescent girls using leaflet media. The target of this community dedication activity is adolescent girls aged 12-19 years in the JABODETABEK area. The community dedication activity is carried out online through the WhatsApp group due to the COVID-19 pandemic. There are 31 adolescent girls who participated in this community dedication activity. This community dedication activity consists of three stages including pretest, education with leaflets, and posttest. The amount and types of pretest and posttest questions are the same. The amount of questions given is 15 questions. The correct answer is given a score of 10 and the wrong one is given a score of 0. The level of knowledge of adolescent girls is categorized as 3 groups, which is less if the correct answer is <60%, sufficient if the correct answer is 60-80%, and good if the correct answer is >80%. Most of the adolescent girls are in the age range of 17-19 years (54.8%). The results showed that there was an increase in knowledge about iron deficiency anemia in adolescent girls. The results of the Wilcoxon signed rank test showed significantly different pretest and posttest results (p-value = 0.000), so it can be concluded that providing education using leaflets can help increase knowledge of iron deficiency anemia for adolescent girls.Salah satu masalah gizi yang sering terjadi pada kalangan remaja yaitu anemia defisiensi besi. Khususnya bagi remaja putri yang memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengalami anemia dibandingkan remaja putra. Berdasarkan data Riskesdas 2018, prevalensi anemia pada remaja berusia 15-24 tahun sebesar 32%, artinya masih terdapat permasalahan anemia di Indonesia yang belum teratasi. Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk memberikan edukasi mengenai anemia defisiensi besi bagi remaja putri dengan media leaflet. Sasaran dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah remaja putri berusia 12-19 tahun di wilayah JABODETABEK. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan secara online melalui grup whatsappkarena kondisi pandemi covid-19. Total remaja putri yang mengikuti kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat berjumlah 31 orang. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini terdiri dari tiga tahapan diantaranya pretest, edukasi dengan leaflet, dan posttest. Jumlah dan jenis pertanyaan pretest dan posttest sama. Jumlah pertanyaan yang diberikan adalah 15 soal. Jawaban yang benar diberikan nilai 10 dan yang salah diberikan nilai 0. Tingkat pengetahuan remaja putri dikelompokkan menjadi 3 diantaranya kurang jika jawaban yang benar < 60%, cukup jika jawaban yang benar 60-80%, dan baik jika jawaban yang benar > 80%. Sebagian besar remaja putri berada pada rentang usia 17-19 tahun (54,8%). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan mengenai anemia defisiensi besi pada remaja putri. Hasil uji Wilcoxon signed rank test menunjukkan hasil pretest dan posttest yang berbeda nyata (p-value = 0,000), sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian edukasi menggunakan leaflet dapat membantu meningkatkan pengetahuan anemia defisiensi besi bagi remaja putri.

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Association of Iron Deficiency Anemia with Stroke Severity in patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

10.53350/pjmhs2115113004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 3004-3006

Author(s):

Rabia Rathore ◽

Nasir Farooq Butt ◽

Adil Iqbal ◽

Hina Latif ◽

Mariam Azeem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

World Health ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

P Value ◽

Stroke Severity ◽

Cross Sectional

Aim: To study the relationship of Iron Deficiency anemia (IDA) with severity of acute ischemic stroke. Study Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Place & Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Mayo Hospital, Lahore from March 2020 to February 2021 Methods: A descriptive study of cross-sectional type was done on 200 individuals who had acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and were hospitalized at Mayo Hospital Lahore. Consecutive non-probability convenience sampling method was used to gather the data. Severity of stroke was assessed at the time of admission using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, (NIHSS) at the same time blood complete examination along with peripheral blood film was done to diagnose anemia in these patients. Iron studies were done to diagnose iron deficiency anemia (IDA). P-value less than 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: About 200individuals presenting with AIS were enrolled in the research work. Anemia according to World Health Organization was seen in 80(40%) and was not present in 120(60%) patients. Among the subjects who had anemia, 16(20%) had a minor AIS, 23(28.75%) had a moderately severe AIS, and 41(51.25%) reported with a severe AIS, according to NIHSS criteria. A notable relationship was found to exist between anemia and stroke severity, (P-value 0.000). Conclusion: Anemia was a commonly found in individuals with acute stroke due to ischemia and had direct relation with severity of stroke. Keywords: Iron deficiency Anemia, severity, ischemic stroke.

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Preventing Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy

Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health ◽

10.1111/jmwh.12940 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 135-136

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Anemia During Pregnancy

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A study for efficacy and safety of ferric carboxymaltose versus iron sucrose in iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women in tertiary care hospital

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20192418 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 2280

Author(s):

Divyani Agrawal ◽

Deepa Lokwani Masand

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Intravenous Iron ◽

Iron Sucrose ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Ferric Carboxymaltose ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Anemia During Pregnancy

Background: Anemia is one of the common manageable problem among the pregnant women worldwide, which contributes to maternal and perinatal mortality. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose with intravenous iron sucrose in treating anemia during pregnancy. Objective of this study was to compare safety and efficacy of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose with intravenous ferric sucrose in iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy.Methods: It’s an interventional prospective study conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at NIMS, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India constituting of 100 pregnant women. Group 1- 50 pregnant women were treated with intravenous ferric carboxymaltose and Group 2: 50 pregnant women were treated with intravenous iron sucrose. Hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels were measured pre and post treatment with parenteral iron therapy. The efficacy of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in comparison to intravenous iron sucrose was assessed. The evaluation of safety and tolerance with the parenteral therapy was also performed.Results: Anemia during pregnancy was more prevalent among the reproductive age group and in multiparous women. The mean rise in the hemoglobin level with ferric carboxymaltose was 2.92 gm/dl and with that of iron, sucrose was 1.08 gm/dl. The man rise in the serum ferritin levels with ferric carboxymaltose was 64.97ng/ml and with iron sucrose was 31.64 ng/ml. Ferric carboxymaltose was observed to be safer with no adverse events in comparison to the Iron sucrose which was related with adverse events among 03 pregnant women.Conclusions: Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose was more efficacious and safer in comparison to intravenous iron sucrose among pregnant women. Hence, ferric carboxymaltose is the drug of choice in treatment of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy.

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Analysis of the iron profile and the incidence of iron deficiency anemia in the third-trimester pregnant women in the coendemic areas of Bengkulu City, Indonesia

Journal of Public Health in Africa ◽

10.4081/jphia.2019.1197 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Zulkarnain ◽

Rizka Muliani ◽

Rico Januar Sitorus ◽

Nurlaili Nurlaili

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Total Sample ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

P Value ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Third

Pregnant women are at risk for iron deficiency anemia especially pregnant women in malaria-endemic areas. This study aimed to analyze the profile of iron in the third trimester pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia in co-endemic area of Bengkulu city. This study was cross-sectional study with a total sample of 66 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria. Examination profile of iron in pregnant women is done by taking blood specimen through the vena cubity. Profile iron includes examination sTfR levels, hepcidin, transferrin were examined by ELISA. Determination of iron deficiency anemia is based on the results of Hb, serum iron and TIBC. The results showed 39.4% of pregnant women experience iron deficiency anemia. There is an average difference between hepcidin levels with the incidence of iron deficiency anemia (p-value 0.031). Based on binary logistic regression analysis profile iron with irondeficiency anemia in pregnant women, hepcidin levels are predictors factors on the incidence of iron deficiency anemia (p-value 0.000, 95% CI .296-.709).

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Study of efficacy of intravenous iron sucrose therapy in iron deficiency anaemia of pregnancy

Health Renaissance ◽

10.3126/hren.v11i2.8216 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 107-110

Author(s):

M Vijayasree

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Economic Status ◽

Intravenous Iron ◽

Lower Class ◽

Iron Sucrose ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

P Value ◽

Economic Class ◽

Target Haemoglobin

Background: Anaemia is the most common medical disorder in pregnancy and is responsible for higher of the maternal deaths in the developing countries. Objective: To determine the efficacy of intravenous iron sucrose, in anemic pregnant women, presenting at Mamata General Hospital, Khammam. Methods: Fifty patients with proved iron deficiency anemia having haemoglobin between 8-10gm% were included in the study. Total iron deficit was calculated by standard formula. Target haemoglobin to be achieved was 11gm%. Iron sucrose was administered by intravenous infusion in divided doses. Haemoglobin was repeated 3 weeks after the last dose of intravenous iron sucrose. Gestational Age, Socio economic class distribution was calculated in percentage , Pre and post treatment Hb% was calculated by mean and standard deviation and P-value was Assessed. Results: Majority of the patients i.e. 60% had gestational age between 32-34 weeks, 30% were in between 29-31 weeks of gestational age while 10% were between 26-28 weeks gestation. The Mean gestational age was 32.4±2.7. Distribution of cases by socio economic status showed, 40% belonged to lower class, 32% belonged to middle class and 28% were from upper class. Intravenous iron sucrose therapy was effective in 90% of the patients without any side effects. There were no allergic reactions. Conclusion: This study showed a significant improvement in the haemoglobin of the patients who received iron sucrose infusion. Patients achieved the target of 11 gram % haemoglobin. It was safe and well tolerated. Health Renaissance, January-April 2013; Vol. 11 No.1; 107-110 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i2.8216

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