scholarly journals Formulation & Evaluation of Effervescent Tablet of Verapamil Hydrochloride

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Rajeev Kumar ◽  
Sushant Kumar Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Magnesium Stearate ◽  
Tablet Formulation ◽  
Direct Compression ◽  
Compression Technique ◽  
Verapamil Hydrochloride ◽  
Floating Tablets ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Karaya Gum ◽  
Effervescent Tablet

The chief aim of the present investigation is to study the Formulation & Evaluation of Effervescent Tablet of Verapamil Hydrochloride. The floating tablets of verapamil hydrochloride were prepared by direct compression technique. For each tablet formulation,  drug, HPMC-K15M, karaya gum, sodium bicarbonate, and diluents were blended homogeneously for 10 min followed by addition of magnesium stearate. The total weight of each tablet was 300 mg. The amount of karaya gum used was in the range of 40–90 mg, whereas HPMC was used in the range of 20-40 mg. The powder mixture was further mixed for 5 min in a mortar. The resultant mixture was compressed into tablets using a Rimek rotary tablet machine. After preparation, the formulations were evaluated by various parameters. The friability of the tablet formulation varied between 0.3 ± 0.0063 to 0.59 ± 0.0076%. The weight variation of prepared tablet formulation complies with USP limits. The thickness was found to be in the range of 4.1 ± 0.48 to 4.2 ± 0.76 mm. The assay for drug content varied between 96.53 ± 0.36 to 102.03 ± 0.52%. The B1, B5, B6, B9, and B10 exhibited more than 75% drug release at 12 h. The B1 exhibited a maximum of 30 % drug release in the 1st hour and constant release for almost up to 12 h. B8 showed the least drug release among all other formulations; this may be due to the formation of a thick gel barrier on the tablet. Tablets were prepared by direct compression. Technological characteristics of floating tablets were within the Pharmacopoeial limit. Tablets floated for more than 8 h. Complete swelling was achieved by the end of 8 h, so percent swelling was determined at the end of 8 h for all the developed formulations.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ORAL FAST DISINTEGRATING TABLET OF IBUPROFEN USING TWO SUPER DISINTEGRANTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Hrishav Das Purkayastha ◽  
Bipul Nath
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Magnesium Stearate ◽  
Direct Compression ◽  
Compression Method ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Orally Disintegrating Tablet ◽  
Rapid Release ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Fast Disintegrating Tablet

Objective: The aim of the present investigation was to design and evaluate orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) of Ibuprofen, a NSAID drug used for the treatment of arthritis with a view to improve its oral bioavailability. The focus of the current study was to develop ODT of Ibuprofen using super disintegrants for ease of administration and its physicochemical characterization.Methods: Tablets were made from blends by direct compression method. All the ingredients were passed through mesh no. 80. All the ingredients were co-ground in a pestle motor. The resulting blend was lubricated with magnesium stearate and compressed into tablets using the Cadmach single punch (round shaped, 8 mm thick) machine.Results: Physicals parameters of the prepared tablets like Hardness, Weight variation, Friability, thickness, drug content etc. found within the limits. The disintegration time of prepared ODTs was in the range of 45 to 55 seconds. In vitro dispersion time was found to be 22 to 52 seconds which may be attributed to faster uptake of water due to the porous structure formed by super disintegrants. Short disintegration and faster release of ibuprofen were observed with Cross carmellose sodium as compared to sodium starch glycollate.Conclusion: It is concluded that F3 offered the relatively rapid release of Ibuprofen when compared with other formulations. The increase in the concentrations of super disintegrants may lead to increase in the drug release. The formulation prepared with cross carmellose sodium was offered the relatively rapid release of Ibuprofen when compared with other concentrations of both the super disintegrant. 

scholarly journals Effect of Extracted Microcrystalline Cellulose from Dracaenea arborea Stem on Aceclophenac Tablet Formulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
J. I. Ordu ◽  
I. E. Udenze
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Tablet Formulation ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Direct Compression ◽  
Drug Release Profile ◽  
Compression Technique ◽  
Hydration Capacity

Micro crystalline cellulose (MCC) is a major derivative from the bio composite of natural materials such as D. arborea plant stem. It could be useful as a secondary binder and disintegrant in tablet formulation especially following direct compression technique anticipating it to provide high level of disintegration at low use level and utilizing dual mechanisms of wicking and swelling. Tablets of aceclofenac a BCS class II and non steroidal anti inflammatory drug (NSAID) which potently inhibits the cyclo oxygenase enzyme (COX-2) involved in prostaglandin synthesis was formulated by direct compression using MCC from D. arborea stem. Qualitative assessment of the plant extract was carried out and the presence of cellulose confirmed by the appearance of violet – blue coloration while the physicochemical and physicotechnical properties were comparatively evaluated with reference to avicel and corn starch. Three batches of aceclofenac tablets involving Batch A (D. arborea MCC), Batch B (Corn starch) and Batch C (Corn starch and D. arborea MCC in a 1:1 ratio), were implcated in the formulation. Physicochemical study of the MCC reveals a pH of 7.8, mean swelling index 1.14±0.05 ml and hydration capacity of 3.60±0.15 g while the pH of corn starch is 3.90 with swelling and hydration capacity at 5.09±0.03 ml and 8.26±0.01 g respectively. Quality control evaluation of resulting tablet was investigated and the wetting time of batch A tablets was 1.50, batch B 2.30 and batch C 1.80 with percentage moisture content (%) of 60.5, 56.56 and 57.8 and disintegration time (minutes) of 0.22±0.07, 0.35±0.051 and 1.60±0.286 respectively. The drug release profile of batch A, reveals an initial burst release within 10 minutes followed by gradual release while batch C had consistent drug release which was maintained although faster than that of batch A after 10 minutes but batch B had the least drug release rate.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF GASTRORETENTIVE FLOATING TABLETS OF A QUINAPRIL HCL BY DIRECT COMPRESSION TECHNIQUE

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audumbar Digambar Mali ◽  
Ritesh Suresh Bathe
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Direct Compression ◽  
Compression Technique ◽  
Floating Tablets ◽  
Floating Drug Delivery ◽  
Floating Drug Delivery System

Objective: The present study was undertaken with an objective to design, develop and evaluate gastro retentive floating tablets of an antihypertensive drug, quinapril HCl, which release the drug in a sustained manner over a period of 12 h.Methods: In this research work, we used hydrophilic polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K4M), the gas generating agent sodium bicarbonate and citric acid at different ratios for the preparation of tablets. A 32 factorial design was applied systematically; the amount of HPMC K4M (X1) and the amount of citric acid (X2) were selected as independent variables. The dependent variables chosen were percentage drug release at 6 h (Q6), percentage drug release at 12 h (Q12) and floating lag time. The high concentration of HPMC K4M and citric acid gives a sustained release for quinapril HCl floating tablets. The tablets were prepared by direct compression technique and evaluated for tablet thickness, hardness, weight variation, friability, floating lag time and In vitro drug release.Results: The In vitro drug release indicated the floating dosage forms showed slower release when the concentration of HPMC K4M increases. Formulation F4 having ratio 25:8 (HPMC K4M: citric acid) was considered as an optimised formulation which shows satisfactory sustained drug release and remained buoyant on the surface of the medium for more than 12 h. It can also conclude that floating drug delivery system of quinapril HCl can be successfully formulated as an approach to increase gastric residence time and thereby improving its bioavailability.Conclusion: The developed effervescent based floating tablets are a promising floating drug delivery system for oral sustained administration of quinapril HCl.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINED RELEASED GLICLAZIDE TABLETS WITH THE DIFFERENT HYDROPHILIC POLYMER BY USING DIRECT COMPRESSION

2021 ◽  
Vol 05 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Sonali Agarkar
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Release ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Flow Property ◽  
Magnesium Stearate ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Direct Compression ◽  
Compression Technique ◽  
Weight Variation

To effectively manage the diabetic mellitus type-II hyperglycemic problem, Gliclazide tablet is the sustained- release tablet that has been designed and fabricated for years. This research evaluated the effects of different grades of hydrophilic polymers in sustained release of Gliclazide tablets made with direct compression technique. HPC GF GRADE, HPMC K4M, and PARTECK® SRP 80 were used as the polymer, Avicel pH 101 (MCC) was used as the highly compressible diluent and Starch 1500 was used as insoluble tablet filler. Aerosil 300 and Magnesium Stearate was used as a Glidant and lubricant for improving the flow property of powder and to decrease the friction between dying wall and punches. Pre-compression characteristics were evaluated for angle of repose, bulk density, compressibility, tapped density, and Hausner's ratio and DSC, XRD, FT-IR. Tablets were prepared on a rotary tablet press machine (Eliza press) and after compression tablets were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, drug content, and in-vitro drug release study. The physico-chemical properties of blends were estimated accelerated stability study was also developed formulations were kept for stability study for three months as per ICH guidelines and found to be stable. Advantages of formulating insoluble drugs such as Gliclazide is that if it is used in the preparation of capsules or tablets of the drug,its dose might be reduced which is economically beneficial.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GASTRORETENTIVE FLOATING TABLETS OF CANDESARTAN CELEXETIL BY DIRECT COMPRESSION

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (03) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Y Dange ◽  
D Randive ◽  
S Bhinge ◽  
M. Bhutkar ◽  
G. Wadkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Magnesium Stearate ◽  
Direct Compression ◽  
Floating Tablets ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Floating Drug Delivery ◽  
Floating Drug Delivery System

The objective was to develop optimized gastric floating drug delivery system (GFDDS) of candesartan celexetil floating tablets by using various polymers like Eudragit and MCC. In the present work, attempts have been made to prepare candesartan celexetil by direct compression method by using Citric acid, NaHCO3, Magnesium stearate, Eudragit and MCC. Formulations (F1 to F4) of floating tablets of candesartan celexetil were prepared using variable concentrations of Eudragit and MCC. The prepared formulations were evaluated for thickness, hardness, weight variation, friability, drug content and uniformity. The buoyancy lag time and the total floating time was studied for all the formulations. Formulation F4 of sustained release tablet of Candesartan celexetil containing a combination of both polymers was found to be the optimized formulation for 13 hours release as it fulfilled all the requirement of floating drug delivery system of sustained release dosage form.

scholarly journals Preparation and Evaluation of Gastro Retentive Floating Tablets of Atorvastatin Calcium

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Florida Sharmin ◽  
Md Abdullah Al Masum ◽  
SM Ashraful Islam ◽  
Md Selim Reza
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Dissolution Time ◽  
Cellulose Derivatives ◽  
Compression Technique ◽  
Floating Tablets ◽  
Atorvastatin Calcium ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Gastro Retentive

This investigation describes the preparation and in vitro evaluation of gastro retentive floating tablets of atorvastatin calcium. Two hydrophilic cellulose derivatives, Methocel K4M and Methocel K15M CR were used in   floating tablets as gel forming agents to control drug release. Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid were incorporated as gas generating agents. The tablets prepared by direct compression technique were evaluated by various quality parameters including weight variation, hardness and buoyancy studies. In vitro drug release was determined for eight   hours using USP XXII paddle-type dissolution apparatus in 0.1N HCl solution containing 1% sodium lauryl sulphate. The release mechanisms were explored and explained with zero order, first order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer equations.  The release rates, extent and mechanisms, were found to be governed by polymer loading. It was also found that the   polymer content significantly affected the mean dissolution time, percentage of drug release, release rate constant and  diffusion exponent. Based on the dissolution data and floating time, formulation F-3 containing Methocel K4M and F-9 containing Methocel K15M CR may be considered as the best formulation. So an effective floating tablet of atorvastatin calcium can be prepared by using both the grades of HPMC.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i2.11784   Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 10(2): 79-85, 2011 (December)  

scholarly journals Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Sustained Release Floating Matrix Tablet of Levofloxacin by Direct Compression Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-s) ◽  
pp. 398-403
Author(s):  
Nidhi Kumari Pandey ◽  
Sailesh Kumar Ghatuary ◽  
Amit Dubey ◽  
Prabhat Kumar Jain
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Matrix Tablet ◽  
Direct Compression ◽  
Compression Method ◽  
Weight Variation

The objective of the present work was to develop Gastro retentive dosage forms which would remain in the stomach and upper part or GIT for a prolonged period of time thereby maximizing the drug release at desired site within the time before GRDFs left the stomach and upper part of the GIT, has provoked a great deal of increased interest in the formulation of such drug as floating drug delivery systems. Levofloxacin, (BCS class I) is a fluoroquinolone anti-bacterial agent. The rationale for the formulation of floating matrix tablet are acidic solubility of levofloxacin, residence of Halicobactor pylori mainly in sub region of stomach and the overdosing associated adverse effect due to continuous intake of drug in acute infection. A simple visible spectrophotometric method was employed for the estimation of levofloxacin at 294 nm and Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range of 2-10 μg /ml. Floating matrix tablet of levofloxacin was prepared by direct compression method using different polymers like hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K4) and carbopol 934 as matrix formation polymers, sodium bicarbonate and citric acid was used as gas generating agents. The FTIR spectra of the levofloxacin and other excipients alone and in combination show the compatibility of the drug and excipients. Six formulations of different polymer percentages were formulated (F1-F6). Pre-compression parameters were evaluated. The influence of matrix forming agents and binary mixtures of them on levofloxacin release was investigated. The formulated tablets were characterized by hardness, friability, thickness, weight variation and in vitro drug release. The formulated tablets had acceptable physicochemical characters. The data obtained from the in-vitro dissolution studies of optimized batch F4were fitted in different models. The optimized formulation F4 showed 99.25% drug content and swelling index of 79.85 %. Drug release mechanism was found to be first order kinetics. Levofloxacin floating tablets exhibited increased gastric residence time, there by improved bioavailability and therapeutic effect of the drug.  

scholarly journals Formulation and evaluation of taste masked oral disintegrating tablets of lornoxicam

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Kritika Rai ◽  
Vivek Jain ◽  
Sunil Kumar Jain ◽  
Pushpendra Kumar Khangar
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Taste Masking ◽  
Direct Compression ◽  
Compression Technique ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Croscarmellose Sodium

Orally disintegrating tablets (ODT) disintegrate quickly with saliva when administered into the oral cavity and taken without water or chewed. ODT are easy to take for children and the elderly, who may experience difficultly in taking ordinary oral preparations such as tablets, capsules, and powders.  The ODT threes substantial benefits for the patient (or elder) who cannot swallow (Dysphagia), or who is not permitted water intake due to disease. The reason of the current research was to prepare taste masking oral disintegrating tablets of poorly soluble lornoxicam (LXM) by direct compression technique using Kyron T-114 (cation exchange resin) as a taste masking agent. With in various ratios the Drug-resin of 1:4 was established to present best taste masking. The superdisintegrants used in formulation are croscarmellose sodium and cross povidone. Among these croscarmellose sodium demonstrated superior drug release. The tablets were evaluated for friability, weight variation, wetting time, hardness, disintegration time and uniformity of content. Optimized formulations were evaluated for in vitro dissolution test. Amongst all the formulations F-6 was found to be most successful tablets prepared by this technique had disintegration time of 30sec and % CDR 94.78 within 30min. Hence, this advance can be utilized for taste masking of bitter pharmaceutical ingredients leading to superior patient compliance. Keywords: Oral disintegration tablets, Lornoxicam, Kyron T-114, Superdisintegrants, Direct Compression.

scholarly journals Formulation, Development and Evaluation of Bilayer Floating Tablet of Gemfibrozil

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-578
Author(s):  
Mohammad Faizan Mohammad Gufran ◽  
Sailesh Kumar Ghatuary ◽  
Reena Shende ◽  
Prabhat Kumar Jain ◽  
Geeta Parkhe
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Log P ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Direct Compression ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Compression Technique

Formulation development is an important part of drug design and development. Bioavailability and bioequivalence are totally dependent on formulation development. Now-a-days formulation development is done by following QbD (Quality by Design).The aim of present study is to formulate Gemfibrozil (Gem) sustained release (SR) and immediate release (IR) bilayer tablet by different concentration of Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and HPMC K 100 M to control the release pattern. The sustained release layer of Gem was prepared by using different grades of HPMC like, HPMC K-15, HPMC K-4 along with other excipients by direct compression technique. The immediate release layer of Gem was prepared by Cross carmellose sodium, Crospovidone and Sodium starch glycolate by direct compression technique. The powders were evaluated for their flow properties and the finished tablets were evaluated for their physical parameters. The both immediate release and sustained release layers of Gem were characterized by FT-IR and in vitro dissolution studies. The drug release study of Gem was evaluated using USP-II paddle type dissolution apparatus. The release rate of Gem in immediate release layer was studied for 15 min in 0.1 N HCL media and that of Gem in sustained release layer was studied for 12 h in 0.1 N HCL. From the nine batches F6 batch showed good release behaviour 99.85% of drug is released over 12 hours. Gem belongs to BCS Class II (log P 3.6) with poor solubility and high permeability resulting in limited and variable bioavailability. Total four trial batches of each drug have been manufactured to optimize and develop a robust and stable formulation, the stability studies of the products also comply with ICH guideline. Keywords: Bilayer floating tablets, Gemfibrozil, Biphasic drug release, HPMC K 15.

scholarly journals Formulation of Furosemide Oral Disintegrating Tablets Using Natural and Synthetic Superdisintegrants by SeDeM Expert Design System

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulchand A. Shende ◽  
Kajal D Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Design System ◽  
Direct Compression ◽  
Compression Technique ◽  
Drug Content ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Preformulation Studies ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

SeDeM design expert technique used to evaluate the risks of poor flow of pharmaceutical powders under preformulation studies which reveals direct compression suitability and prepare robust composition of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and excipient in tablets formulation. The purpose of this study was to develop oral disintegrating tablets of Furosemide using different concentration of natural and synthetic superdisintegrants by means of SeDeM design technique. Oral disintegrating tablets (ODT) of Furosemide were prepared by direct compression technique using isolated banana powder and croscarmellose sodium (Ac-di-sol) together with microcrystalline cellulose as superdisintegrants. SeDeM design was performed to check suitability and deficient of excipients and drug for optimized composition derived based on IPP value. These tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, drug content, weight variation, wetting time and in-vitro dissolution. All the formulations showed low weight variation with dispersion time less than 173.5±0.70 seconds and rapid in-vitro dissolution. The drug content of all the formulations was within the acceptable limits. Lubricated blend composition of F4 found average radius value 5.24, 0.66 and 5.509 for IGC, IP and IPP respectively, compressed tablet shown good physical properties. The optimized formulation F4 showed good release profile with 99.25 percentage drug release compared to other trial batches. It was concluded that natural superdisintegrant (banana powder) showed better disintegrating property than synthetic super disintegrant (Ac-di-sol) in the formulations of ODTs. Keywords: Furosemide, Oral disintegrating tablets, SeDeM expert system, Superdisintegrants

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