scholarly journals Respiratory Responses to Short Term Sustained Isometric Muscle Contraction among Undergraduates

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
S. Nehal Safiya ◽  
G. Sridevi ◽  
S. Preetha
Keyword(s):  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Lung Function Test ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Isometric Muscle Contraction ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Isometric Muscle

Aim: This study sets out to investigate whether a short-term isometric abdominal exercise can benefit adults with improvement in ventilatory functions. Materials And Methods: The present study was performed in 20 adults from the student population of I-BDS students with no history of smoking and respiratory illness. The participants did a daily 20-minute static abdominal exercise over a period of three days. The lung function test was assessed using spirometry and the values of FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFR, FEF 25-75. Paired dependent t test was done to evaluate the anthropometric variables and changes in lung functions pre-exercise on day 1 and post-isometric exercise on day 3.  Results: The study demonstrated a significant increase in the mean values of forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second. The FEV1/FVC ratio, PEFR, FEF 25-75% did not reveal significant changes. Conclusion: The study concluded an innovative finding that ventilatory functions improved after short term isometric training.

scholarly journals Validation of Clinical Characteristics and Effectiveness of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in a COPD Population with Discrepancy between Exercise Tolerance and FEV1

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Jun Horie ◽  
Koichiro Takahashi ◽  
Shuuichi Shiranita ◽  
Kunihiko Anami ◽  
Shinichiro Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Gait Speed ◽  
Pulmonary Rehabilitation ◽  
Exercise Tolerance ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
St George's Respiratory Questionnaire ◽  
History Of

This study’s objective was to examine the characteristics of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presenting with various exercise tolerance levels. A total of 235 patients with stable COPD were classified into 4 groups: (1) LoFlo + HiEx—patients with a six-minute walking distance (6MWD) ≥350 m and percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (%FEV1.0) <50%; (2) HiFlo + HiEx—patients with a 6MWD ≥350 m and a %FEV1.0 ≥50%; (3) LoFlo + LoEx—patients with a 6MWD < 350 m and %FEV1.0 < 50%; and (4) HiFlo + LoEx—patients with a 6MWD <350 m and %FEV1.0 ≥ 50%. Aspects of physical ability in the HiFlo + LoEx group were significantly lower than those in the HiFlo + HiEx group. The HiFlo + LoEx group was characterized by a history of hospitalization for respiratory illness within the past year, treatment with at-home oxygen therapy, and lacking daily exercise habits. Following three months of pulmonary rehabilitation, the LoFlo + HiEx group significantly improved in the modified Medical Research Council dyspnea score, maximum gait speed, and 6MWD, while the HiFlo + LoEx group significantly improved in the percentage of maximal expiratory pressure, maximum gait speed, 6MWD, incremental shuttle walking distance, and St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire score. The HiFlo + LoEx group had the greatest effect of three-month pulmonary rehabilitation compared to other groups.

scholarly journals Phylogeographical and Evolutionary History of Variola major Virus; A Question of Timescales?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Bergna ◽  
Carla Della Ventura ◽  
Rossella Marzo ◽  
Massimo Ciccozzi ◽  
Massimo Galli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Whole Genomes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Eastern And Southern Africa

In order to reconstruct the origin and pathways of variola virus (VARV) dispersion, we analyzed 47 VARV isolates available in public databases and their SNPs. The mean substitution rate of the whole genomes was 9.41x10-6 (95%HPD:8.5-11.3x10-6) substitutions/site/year. The time of the tree root was estimated to be a mean 68 years (95%HPD:60.5&ndash;75.9). The phylogeographical analysis showed that the Far East and India were the most probable locations of the tree root and of the inner nodes, respectively, whereas for the outer nodes it corresponded to the sampling locations. The Bayesian Skyline plot showed that the effective number of infections started to grow exponentially in 1915-1920, peaked in the 1940s, and then decreased to zero. Our results suggests that the VARV major strains circulating between 1940s-1970s probably shared a common ancestor originated in the Far East; subsequently moved to India, which became the center of its dispersion to eastern and southern Africa, and then to central Africa and the Middle East, probably following the movements of people between south-eastern Asia and the other places with a common colonial history. These findings may help to explain the controversial reconstructions of the history of VARV obtained using long- and short- term calibrations.

scholarly journals Impact of chronic khat (Catha edulis Forsk) chewing on pulmonary function test and oxygen saturation in humans: A comparative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205031211882461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gashaw Garedew Woldeamanuel ◽  
Teshome Gensa Geta
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background: Chronic consumption of khat affects many organ systems and leads to various health disturbances in the chewers. Few studies examined the acute effects of khat ingestion on lung function parameters. However, studies which assessed the long-term effects of khat chewing on pulmonary function parameters and oxygen saturation are lacking. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of chronic Khat chewing on pulmonary function parameters and oxygen saturation among chronic Khat chewers in Wolkite, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in Wolkite, Ethiopia from 1 June 2018 to 15 August 2018. A total of 324 participants, 162 khat chewers and 162 non-chewers were included in the study. The data were collected through face-to-face interview by trained data collectors. British Medical Research Council respiratory questionnaire was used to assess respiratory symptoms. A spirometer was used to assess various lung function parameters. Moreover, oxygen saturation of hemoglobin was measured using pulse oximeter. Data were entered into CSPro version 6.2 and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: This study showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the mean values of forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in first second and maximum ventilation volume among khat chewers as compared to non-chewers. There was no significant difference in the mean values of other lung function parameters between the two groups. Similarly, there was no significant difference (p = 0.642) in mean oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SaO2) across the two groups. Conclusion: It is evident from this study that long-term khat consumption is associated with decreased mean forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in first second and maximum ventilation volume. Hence, there is a need for further study to strengthen the current findings and to explore the mechanisms of khat chewing effect on lung function parameters.

Validation of a new algorithm for the short-term variation of the fetal heart rate: an antepartum prospective study

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Kouskouti ◽  
Hella Jonas ◽  
Kerstin Regner ◽  
Pia Ruisinger ◽  
Julia Knabl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Relevant Reference ◽  
Term Variation ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Aims: Currently one of the most widespread systems for the computerized analysis of the fetal heart rate (FHR) is the Dawes-Redman system, where the short-term variation (STV) of the FHR is measured by dividing each minute into 16 segments (STV16). Technical progress has allowed for the development of a new algorithm, which measures the STV by dividing each minute into 240 segments (STV240), thus approximating the beat-to-beat variation. The STV240 still lacks reference values. Our aim was to develop clinically relevant reference values for the STV240 and compare them to the ones for the STV16. Methods: In a single centre, observational study, a total of 228 cardiotocograms were registered and subsequently analyzed with both algorithms (STV240 and STV16). Results: The 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for both algorithms. The values of the STV240 were significantly lower in comparison to the ones of the STV16. Not only the mean values but also the 95th percentile of the STV240 lay beneath the existent cut-off value for the STV16. Conclusions: Every clinician using the new algorithm must be aware that the normal values for the STV240 lie beneath the, up until now, established cut-off values for the STV16.

scholarly journals Uncertainty in mass-balance trends derived from altimetry: a case study along the EGIG line, central Greenland

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (226) ◽  
pp. 345-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Morris ◽  
Duncan J. Wingham
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Elevation Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Density Profiles ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Equivalent Mass ◽  
The Mean

AbstractRepeated measurements of density profiles and surface elevation along a 515 km traverse of the Greenland ice sheet are used to determine elevation change rates and the error in determining mass-balance trends from these rates which arises from short-term fluctuations in mass input, compaction and surface density. Mean values of this error, averaged over 100 km sections of the traverse, decrease with time from the start of observations in 2004, with a half-time of ∼4 years. After 7 years the mean error is less than the ice equivalent mass imbalance.

Thyroid Hormone Levels in Panic Disorder*

1987 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 467-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram K. Yeragani ◽  
John M. Rainey ◽  
Robert Pohl ◽  
Aurelio Ortiz ◽  
Paula Weinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Trh Stimulation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Controls

A history of thyroid dysfunction has been reported in patients with phobic disorders. There is also evidence of a blunted TSH response to TRH stimulation in patients with panic disorder. In this study, values of T3, T4 and T7 were compared between 26 patients with panic attacks and 20 normal controls. Patients were diagnosed according to DSM-III criteria and those with a clinical history of thyroid dysfunction were excluded. Patients were not on any medication when the blood samples were drawn. The mean values of T3, T4 and T7 did not significantly differ between the two groups, suggesting no evidence of hypo or hyperthyroidism; however, the variance of distribution of T3, T4 and T7 values was significantly different between the two groups (Fmax values for T3: 2.55, p value < 0.05; T4: 3.15, p value < 0.01; T7: 2.55, p value < 0.05).

Clinical and pathological significance of sibling Graves' disease

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Tanaka ◽  
Shoichi Katayama ◽  
Kanji Kuma ◽  
Hajime Tamai ◽  
Fumio Matsuzuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subtotal Thyroidectomy ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Lymphoid Follicles ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract. The clinical picture and serum antithyroid antibodies in 16 pairs of siblings with Graves' disease were compared with an age and sex matched group of 32 patients with Graves' disease who did not have a family history of any thyroid disease (control patients). There was a significant difference in frequency and mean titres of antibodies to thyroglobulin between sibling patients. (positive 76.0%) and control patients (positive 40.0%), but not in microsomal antibodies (sibling; positive 92.0%, control; 92.0%). There were no significant differences in the mean values of 24 h 131I-thyroidal uptake, serum T3U, serum T4 and T3 concentrations before treatment between the two groups. Lymphoid follicles and degeneration of the epithelia were more often found in the thyroid glands of sibling patients than in those of the control patients, when 32 (16 sibling, 16 control) thyroid glands from the same groups in the clinical study, including antibody series, were examined pathologically after subtotal thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. Moreover, there was a strong tendency to increased lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration in the thyroid glands of sibling patients with Graves' disease. The findings might indicate that Graves' disease is closely related to Hashimoto's thyroiditis, especially in sibling patients with Graves' disease.

scholarly journals Overbite depth indicator and anteroposterior dysplasia indicator cephalometric norms for African Americans

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 897-902
Author(s):  
Samuel Obamiyi ◽  
Zhihui Wang ◽  
Edward Sommers ◽  
P. Emile Rossouw ◽  
Dimitrios Michelogiannakis
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Overbite Depth Indicator ◽  
White Patients

ABSTRACT Objectives: To examine normal Overbite Depth Indicator (ODI) and Anteroposterior Dysplasia Indicator (APDI) values in African Americans and to compare them with mean values from white patients. Secondary aims were to compare mean ODI and APDI values among different age, gender, and combined age-gender groups in African American patients. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 160 African American patients (97 boys and 63 girls; age, 7 to 14 years) with normal occlusion and no history of orthodontic treatment were collected from the Bolton-Brush Growth Center. Cephalometric images were hand traced, and ODI and APDI values were assessed. Two-sample t tests were used to compare mean ODI and APDI values between African American and white patients; and between male and female African American patients. One-way analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey test, was used to compare mean ODI and APDI values among different African American age and combined age-gender groups. Results: Mean ODI and APDI values were significantly lower (P &lt; .0001) in African American than white patients with normal occlusion and no history of orthodontic treatment. Mean ODI and APDI values increased with age in African American patients, and there were no significant gender differences. Conclusions: The mean ODI and APDI values in 7- to 14-year-old African Americans with normal occlusion and no history of orthodontic treatment were 70.9° and 78.1°, respectively, and were significantly lower than the mean values for white patients in the same age range.

Ventilatory Chemosensitivity in Subjects with a History of Childhood Cyanotic Breath-Holding Spells

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Nick G. Anas ◽  
John T. McBride ◽  
Christian Boettrich ◽  
Kenneth McConnochie ◽  
John G. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Breath Holding ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
Ventilatory Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Progressive Hypoxia ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Voluntary Breath Holding ◽  
Infants And Young Children

The ability of children with cyanotic breath-holding spells to respond to anger or frustration by voluntary breath-holding for prolonged periods (often to the point of precipitating hypoxic seizure activity) suggested the hypothesis that such children may have a less powerful urge to breathe in the presence of hypoxia and/or hypercapnia than children who do not have breath-holding spells. Because ventilatory chemosensitivity is difficult to measure in infants and young children, this hypothesis was tested indirectly by measuring the ventilatory responses to hyperoxic progressive hypercapnia and to isocapnic progressive hypoxia of seven individuals who had a history of cyanotic breath-holding spells in infancy and 17 control subjects. The mean values for sensitivity to hypoxia and to hypercapnia were not significantly different between the two groups, and the responses of the majority of the subjects with cyanotic breath-holding spells were clearly within the normal range. There were fewer individuals with high-normal ventilatory responses among the subjects with cyanotic breath-holding spells. Although children with cyanotic breath-holding spells may have decreased ventilatory chemosensitivity transiently during infancy or may differ from other children in some other aspect of the control of breathing, the pathogenesis of infantile cyanotic breath-holding spells does not involve a permanently blunted sensitivity to hypercapnia or hypoxia.

Short-term vestibular responses to repeated rotations

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Seung Cheol Ahn ◽  
Chae Yong Lee ◽  
Dong Wook Kim ◽  
Moo Hoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Time Constant ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Group I ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Sinusoidal Rotations

To investigate the short-term vestibular habituation, we performed the 4 successive velocity step tests on 28 volunteers, the peak velocity of which was 100 deg/sec with acceleration and deceleration of 100 deg / sec 2 . As the repeated rotations might alter the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), sinusoidal rotations at a frequency of 0.16 Hz were also given before and after the 4 successive velocity step tests to investigate the changes of gain and phase of VOR. The 28 volunteers were divided into two groups, group I and II, according to their responses to repeated rotations. In group I (25 subjects, mean age 23.7 year), the mean values of the slow cumulative eye position (SCEP), the time integral of eye velocity during nystagmus, was reduced after each trial of the 4-successive velocity step tests as follows; 403.4 ± 29 degree (1st trial), 346.2 ± 37 degree (2nd trial), 278.3 ± 33 degree (3rd trial) and 256.6 ± 36 degree (4th trial). The time constant of the nystagmus was also reduced as follows; 12.9 ± 0.78 second (1st trial), 12 ± 0.63 second (2nd trial), 9.7 ± 0.78 second (3rd trial) and 9.9 ± 0.54 second (4th trial). In group II (3 subjects, mean age 28.3 year), the mean values of SCEP gradually increased; 774.3 ± 135 degree (1st trial), 1127 ± 178 degree (2nd trial), 1096.3 ± 123.4 degree (3rd trial) and 1225.7 ± 199.7 degree (4th trial). The time constant of the nystagmus increased; 15.7 ± 2.7 second (1st trial), 22 ± 4.5 second (2nd trial), 22.3 ± 3.3 second (3rd trial) and 23.3 ± 5.7 second (4th trial). The gain of vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) induced by sinusoidal rotations at a frequency 0.16 Hz increased in both groups: 0.59 ± 0.03 to 0.78 ± 0.06 (group I) and 0.65 ± 0.07 to 1.15 ± 0.06 (group II). Phase changes were also observed. In group I, the phase was shifted from 0.6 ± 0.6 degree to − 0.40 ± 0.6 degree. In group II, the phase was shifted from 3.67 ± 1.86 degree to − 0.33 ± 0.33 degree. The repeated rotation did not induce a common nystagmic response in all subjects. Thus, person to person variations should be considered in short term vestibular habituation.

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