Contraceptive use among Young Adults in Zimbabwe, Questionnaire Study

Adolescents face several challenges where ASRH issues are concerned. One of these issues is the low uptake of HIV prevention services especially those in high-density urban townships who are prone to several factors that hinder their access to HIV prevention services. This study sought to highlight the prevalence of HIV prevention methods use among adolescents and factors that determine their accessibility in Dzivarasekwa and Tynwald Districts. A total of 500 questionnaires were administered to adolescents aged 15-19 years to collect quantitative data. The study also conducted 10 Focus group discussions and 20 Key informant interviews to solicit qualitative data. The findings showed that, though a level of prevention was observed, a significant number of adolescents were engaging in sexual activities. Adolescents were aware of most HIV prevention methods: however, their knowledge was not being translated into the utilization of these methods. Recommendations were also offered to serve on how HIV prevention services uptake can be improved amongst adolescents.

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Mobile Phone Influence on Sexual Behaviour of Undergraduate Students: A Case Study of Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya

International Journal of Communication and Public Relation ◽

10.47604/ijcpr.1344 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 17-41

Author(s):

Ondicho Machuki ◽

Joan Mutua

Keyword(s):

Focus Group ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Mobile Phones ◽

Sexual Behaviour ◽

Quantitative Data ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Safe Sex ◽

Focus Group Discussions ◽

Group Discussions

Purpose: The study sought to examine the influence of mobile phone use on sexual behaviour of university students: a case study of Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya. The study specifically, sought to examine the effect of characteristics of mobile phones users, uses and gratification of mobile phones and the frequency of using mobile phones on sexual behaviour of university students in Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya. Methodology: The research design that was adopted was descriptive in nature. The study also used both quantitative and qualitative data obtained from the respondents using questionnaires and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) guides. Quantitative data was collected using questionnaires while qualitative data was collected using Focus Group Discussions. The study adopted a stratified random sampling technique to select the sample size from the three strata, which are the various Faculties in JKUAT. The study then used Fisher’s formula to arrive at an adequate scientific sample size of 384 students who were targeted using convenient sampling, that is those that are ready to respond to the questionnaires and the Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). The quantitative data in this research was analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using SPSS v22.0. Results: It was concluded that male students are more likely to use protection consistently compared to female students. In addition, the findings imply that consistency in condom use is a factor that is dependent on the age of the individual. In addition, relationship status is a contributor to the behaviour of the students sexually. For those that are in serious relationships, their use of protection declines due to the build-up of emotional and intimate trust towards each other. The findings likewise indicate that the student’s usage of mobile phones correlates significantly with the consistent use of protection for safe sex. Those students who have had their phones since they joined Campus are more likely to practice safe sex. In addition, heavy users of mobile phones are likely to practice safe sex including those who browse the internet for news updates. Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: The study recommends the media practitioners need to step up the production of morally acceptable media content and offer a platform for advertising and campaigning for sexual conduct by encouraging and stressing the use of protection. The Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education should actively involve the undergraduate students in reproductive information awareness campaigns for ensuring positive attitudes towards responsible sexual behaviour and promoting best sexual practices.

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Social-ecological influences on unhealthy dietary behaviours among Moroccan adolescents: a mixed-methods study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980019003641 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 996-1008

Author(s):

Abdelghaffar El-Ammari ◽

Hicham El Kazdouh ◽

Siham Bouftini ◽

Samira El Fakir ◽

Youness El Achhab

Keyword(s):

Mixed Methods ◽

Focus Group ◽

Quantitative Data ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Snack Food ◽

Focus Group Discussions ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Dietary Behaviours ◽

Social Ecological ◽

Modifiable Factors

AbstractObjective:To identify the prevalence of unhealthy dietary behaviours and their social-ecological influences in adolescents.Design:The study used a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, which begins with the collection of quantitative data, followed by the collection of qualitative data to explain and enrich the quantitative findings. Quantitative data were collected via a global school-based student health survey and were analysed using quantitative approaches. Qualitative data were obtained via focus group discussions and were analysed thematically.Setting:Middle and high secondary schools in Taza city, Morocco.Participants:Our quantitative analyses included 764 students (14–19 years). For the qualitative part, seventeen focus group discussions were conducted with 100 participants (fifty-six adolescents, twenty-six parents and eighteen teachers).Results:Of total student participants, 46·1 % skipped breakfast, 60·6 % had inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables (F&V), 39·4 % consumed soft drinks and 28·0 % consumed fast foods. All of these dietary behaviours could coexist in the same person except for inadequate intake of F&V. Gender, academic performance, age, perceived family income and education level of mother were associated with unhealthy dietary behaviours. Qualitative findings identified seven themes regarding social-ecological influences on adolescents’ dietary behaviours: cognitive, affective/biological, lifestyle, outcome expectation, social network, accessibility/availability and macro-level influences.Conclusions:The prevalence of unhealthy dietary behaviours in our study group is a concern. Dietary behaviours are the result of inseparable interactions among social-ecological influences. Modifiable factors identified may be useful when designing a future intervention aimed at improving breakfast and F&V consumption and reducing fast/snack-food consumption among adolescents.

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Tourism and Encroachment Activities at the Lame Bura Game Reserve, Bauchi State, Nigeria

International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management in the Digital Age ◽

10.4018/ijthmda.2019070103 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 44-62

Author(s):

Timothy K. Gontul ◽

Tina Odinakachi Iirmdu ◽

Mantau Maisamari ◽

Timchang Nimnan Maikanu ◽

Istifanus G Kassam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Forest Products ◽

Livestock Grazing ◽

Focus Group Discussions ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Conservation Policies ◽

Key Informant ◽

Game Reserve

Spectacular, unique natural, and human tourism features in Nigeria have suffered and are still suffering from one form of encroachment or another. The aim of this study was to chronicle all the encroachment activities at the Lame Bura Game Reserve in Bauchi State, Nigeria. The methods used in the study were key informant interviews, focus group discussions and field observation. The qualitative data was analyzed, and the Purposive sampling technique was applied in the study. Findings from the results show that notable forms of encroachment include acquiring land illegally for agriculture, buildings, settlements, livestock grazing, hunting, poaching of wild animals, collections of forest products for medicine, food and timber. In conclusion, it was observed that there are outright contradictions in respecting the policies and conservation laws. It is therefore recommended that there should be urgent implementation of conservation policies and laws governing the establishment and management of protected areas in order to achieve sustainability within protected areas.

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Dietary practices and associated factors among pregnant women in West Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.2.13060/v4 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yeshalem Mulugeta ◽

Getu Degu Alem ◽

Tefera Belachew

Keyword(s):

Focus Group ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Focus Group Discussions ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Dietary Practices ◽

Key Informant ◽

West Gojjam ◽

West Gojjam Zone

Abstract Background: The optimal dietary practice is a critical requisite for maternal nutrition. However, the majority of Ethiopian pregnant women have inadequate nutrient intakes. These may be due to their poor dietary habits. Identifying factors affecting the dietary practices of pregnant women is crucial to design appropriate interventions. In this country, the dietary practices of pregnant women and determinants are not well studied. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the dietary practices and associated factors among pregnant women in West Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 712 pregnant women from May to August 2018. Quantitative data complemented with a qualitative method. Pregnant women were selected using a cluster sampling technique. Structured questionnaires were utilized for data collection. Data were entered into Epi-Info version 7.2.2 and exported to SPSS version 23 software for analysis. Data were described using frequencies and mean. A logistic regression analysis was done. Three focus group discussions and 17 key-informant interviews were conducted for the qualitative data. Focus group discussion participants were mothers, husbands, and health professionals. Typical case and homogeneous sampling techniques were used for the key-informant interviews and focus group discussions, respectively. Thematic analysis was used for the qualitative data. Results: Only 19.9% of respondents had appropriate dietary practices. On the multivariable logistic regression analyses, being food secure [AOR=2.25, 95% CI: (1.1, 4.5)], having high edible crop production [AOR=2.00, 95% CI: (1.2, 3.2)] and a favorable attitude [AOR=1.69, 95% CI: (1.1, 2.6)] were significantly associated with the appropriate dietary practices of pregnant women. In the qualitative study, lack of knowledge on maternal diet, cultural prohibition, and knowledge gap of the professionals were barriers that interfere with dietary practices during pregnancy. Conclusion: Pregnant women in the study area are found to have suboptimal dietary practices. Therefore, health professionals should give regular nutrition counseling using cards and role models for promoting diversified food production and consumption. Keywords: Pregnant women, dietary practice, dietary diversity, food variety score

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Determinants of Non-Insurance in A-Duiem Administrative Unit, White Nile State, Sudan 2018

Public Health - Open Journal ◽

10.17140/phoj-5-147 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 42-48

Author(s):

Samia Y. I. Habbani ◽

◽

Egbal A. B. A. Karaig ◽

Elfatih M. Malik ◽

Sumaia M. Al-Fadil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Quantitative Data ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Insurance Coverage ◽

Community Organizations ◽

Health Insurance Coverage ◽

Community Leaders ◽

Focus Group Discussions ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Administrative Unit

Background Population knowledge and attitudes toward health insurance are important factors that facilitate health insurance coverage. National studies on these parameters are limited. Aim This study aims at assessing determinants of non-insurance in A-Duiem Administrative Unit and calculating as a secondary objective the household’s health insurance coverage. Methods The study was a descriptive cross-sectional community-based conducted in A-Duiem Administrative Unit, Sudan. It collected quantitative data from non-insured households and qualitative data by interviewing community leaders and conducting focus group discussions with community organizations members. Quantitative data analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20, and the thematic analysis for the qualitative data. Results The study interviewed 419 non-insured households’ heads and thirteen community leaders and conducted eight focus group discussions with sixty community organizations members. Around 37.9% (95% CI: 33.4-42.7) of the heads of the non-insured households did not know the health insurance, while only 2.4% (95% CI: 1.5-4.7) had good knowledge. The knowledge of non-insured community leaders and members of the community organizations was moderate. The study participants showed positive attitudes towards health insurance, as 97% (95% CI: 95.1-98.4) of the heads of the non-insured households wanted to join the health insurance and 65% (95% CI: 59.2-70.1) of them stated that they could pay its premium. Most of the community leaders and members of the community organizations had health insurance cards. Those who were not enrolled, have limited knowledge about health insurance while almost all believe they should join it. The study identified 52.4% of non-insured households (95% CI: 48.9-55.8). The study showed low health insurance coverage among families, despite their positive attitude. This is mostly attributed to poor awareness of the heads of the non-insured households about health insurance. The National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) should address this gap through effective communication strategies using motivated community institutions

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Nursing and midwifery students’ experiences and perception of their clinical learning environment in Malawi: a mixed-method study

BMC Nursing ◽

10.1186/s12912-020-00480-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

B. C. Mbakaya ◽

F. W. Kalembo ◽

M. Zgambo ◽

A. Konyani ◽

F. Lungu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Focus Group ◽

Learning Environment ◽

Quantitative Data ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Task Orientation ◽

Clinical Learning ◽

Clinical Learning Environment ◽

Focus Group Discussions ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Poor Relationship

Abstract Background The clinical learning environment is an important part of the nursing and midwifery training as it helps students to integrate theory into clinical practice. However, not all clinical learning environments foster positive learning. This study aimed to assess the student nurses and midwives’ experiences and perception of the clinical learning environment in Malawi. Methods A concurrent triangulation mixed methods research design was used to collect data from nursing and midwifery students. Quantitative data were collected using a Clinical Learning Environment Inventory, while qualitative data were collected using focus group discussions. The Clinical Learning Environment Inventory has six subscales of satisfaction, involvement, individualisation, innovation, task orientation and personalisation. The focus group interview guide had questions about clinical learning, supervision, assessment, communication and resources. Quantitative data were analysed by independent t-test and multivariate linear regression and qualitative data were thematically analysed. Results A total of 126 participants completed the questionnaire and 30 students participated in three focus group discussions. Satisfaction subscale had the highest mean score (M = 26.93, SD = 4.82) while individualisation had the lowest mean score (M = 18.01, SD =3.50). Multiple linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant association between satisfaction with clinical learning environment and personalization (β = 0.50, p = < 0.001), and task orientation (β =0.16 p = < 0.05). Teaching and learning resources, hostile environment, poor relationship with a qualified staff, absence of clinical supervisors, and lack of resources were some of the challenges faced by students in their clinical learning environment. Conclusion Although satisfaction with clinical learning environment subscale had the highest mean score, nursing and midwifery students encountered multifaceted challenges such as lack of resources, poor relationship with staff and a lack of support from clinical teachers that negatively impacted on their clinical learning experiences. Training institutions and hospitals need to work together to find means of addressing the challenges by among others providing resources to students during clinical placement.

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Determining the Dynamics of HIV Voluntary Counselling and Testing Uptake among the Rural and Urban Communities of Nakuru District, Kenya

10.26686/wgtn.16985305 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Joseph Muchiri

Keyword(s):

Focus Group ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

High Rate ◽

Focus Group Discussions ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Voluntary Counselling ◽

Key Informant ◽

Voluntary Counselling And Testing ◽

Structured Questionnaire

<p>Globally, it is estimated that over 40 million people are living with HIV/AIDS with 67% of these coming from Sub Sahara Africa. While the epidemic has been receiving increasing attention towards and more emphasis placed on access to care and treatment, these efforts are bound to become unsustainable due to a high rate of new infections. In 2007, for every HIV patient who was put on drugs six others became infected with the virus. Voluntary testing and counselling (VCT) has been suggested as the most effective intervention that could reverse this rate of infection. Its utilization in Africa and many parts of the world has however, been at an all time low. In Kenya where populations of over 1.4 million people are living with the HIV/AID virus, less than 20% of the total population knows their status. The aim of this study is, therefore, to establish and document the dynamics of VCT uptake in Nakuru district of Kenya with a view to suggesting measures to increase this uptake. The main objectives of the study were to identify factors that influence VCT uptake and determine the levels of knowledge and prevailing attitudes on HIV testing. The role that gender plays in VCT utilization was also explored. This was a cross sectional study in which a mixed research method methodology employing quantitative and qualitative data collection methods was used. Quantitative data was collected using a structured questionnaire while qualitative data was collected using focus group discussions and key informant interviews. The target population was residents of Nakuru aged 16-60. 480 distributed completed the structured questionnaire out which 422 were completed and returned. Six focus group discussions and five key informant interviews were carried out. The research found that the awareness regarding HIV and VCT among the community members is relatively high. However, there are still a significant proportion of people who hold misconceptions about the disease and the testing service. This may partially explain why people opted not to take the test for the virus. Further, a majority of the people wanted to take up the test but both social and health system barriers such as gender inequality, the cost of taking the service, service operational hours, accessibility; misconceptions about the disease are barriers to the utilization of the service. The study recommends the adoption of more pro-active model of testing which could include mobile and home-based testing to help remove most of these barriers and therefore lead to an increased uptake. Moreover promotional activities targeting couples, providing the service beyond the current normal working hours weekdays and weekends, strengthening the general public health facility to help win back the trust of the service consumer and provision of youth-friendly voluntary counselling and testing for HIV (VCT) service are recommended.</p>

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Dietary practices and associated factors among pregnant women in West Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.2.13060/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yeshalem Mulugeta ◽

Getu Degu Alem ◽

Tefera Belachew

Keyword(s):

Focus Group ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Focus Group Discussions ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Dietary Practices ◽

Key Informant ◽

West Gojjam ◽

West Gojjam Zone

Abstract Background: The optimal dietary practice is critical requisite for maternal nutrition. However, the majority of Ethiopian pregnant women have inadequate nutrient intakes. This may be due to their poor dietary habit. Identifying factors affecting dietary practices of pregnant women is crucial to design appropriate interventions. In this country, the dietary practices of pregnant women and determinants are not well studied. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the dietary practices and associated factors among pregnant women in West Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 712 pregnant women from May to August 2018. Quantitative data complemented with qualitative method. Pregnant women were selected using a cluster sampling technique. Structured questionnaires were utilized for data collection. Data were entered into Epi-Info version 7.2.2 and exported to SPSS version 23 software for analysis. Data were described using frequencies and mean. Logistic regression analysis was done. For qualitative data, three focus group discussions and 17 key-informant interviews were conducted. . Focus group discussion participants were mother-in-lows, husbands and health professionals. Typical case and homogeneous sampling techniques were used for the key-informant interviews and focus group discussions, respectively. The tape-recorded interviews and FGDs were transcribed verbatim into Amharic language and then translated from Amharic to English. Thematic analysis was used for the qualitative data. Results: Only 19.9% of respondents had appropriate dietary practices. On the multivariable logistic regression analyses, being food secure [AOR=2.25, 95% CI: (1.1, 4.5)], having high edible crop production [AOR=2.00, 95% CI: (1.2, 3.2)] and favorable attitude [AOR=1.69, 95% CI: (1.1, 2.6)] were significantly associated with the appropriate dietary practices of pregnant women. In the qualitative study lack of knowledge on maternal diet, cultural prohibition and knowledge gap of professionals were barriers that interfere with dietary practices during pregnancy. Conclusion: Pregnant women in the study area are found to have suboptimal dietary practices. Therefore, health professionals should give regular nutrition counseling using cards and role models for promoting diversified food production and consumption to meet the nutrient requirements during pregnancy. Keywords: pregnant women, dietary practice, dietary diversity, food variety score

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Dietary practices and associated factors among pregnant women in West Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-019-2702-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yeshalem Mulugeta Demilew ◽

Getu Degu Alene ◽

Tefera Belachew

Keyword(s):

Focus Group ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Focus Group Discussions ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Dietary Practices ◽

Key Informant ◽

West Gojjam ◽

West Gojjam Zone

Abstract Background The optimal dietary practice is a critical requisite for maternal nutrition. However, the majority of Ethiopian pregnant women have inadequate nutrient intakes. These may be due to their poor dietary habits. Identifying factors affecting the dietary practices of pregnant women is crucial to design appropriate interventions. In this country, the dietary practices of pregnant women and determinants are not well studied. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the dietary practices and associated factors among pregnant women in West Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 712 pregnant women from May to August 2018. Quantitative data complemented with a qualitative method. Pregnant women were selected using a cluster sampling technique. Structured questionnaires were utilized for data collection. Data were entered into Epi-Info version 7.2.2 and exported to SPSS version 23 software for analysis. Data were described using frequencies and mean. A logistic regression analysis was done. Three focus group discussions and 17 key-informant interviews were conducted for the qualitative data. Focus group discussion participants were mothers, husbands, and health professionals. Typical case and homogeneous sampling techniques were used for the key-informant interviews and focus group discussions, respectively. Thematic analysis was used for the qualitative data. Results Only 19.9% of respondents had appropriate dietary practices. On the multivariable logistic regression analyses, being food secure [AOR = 2.25, 95% CI: (1.1, 4.5)], having high edible crop production [AOR = 2.00, 95% CI: (1.2, 3.2)] and a favorable attitude [AOR = 1.69, 95% CI: (1.1, 2.6)] were significantly associated with the appropriate dietary practices of pregnant women. In the qualitative study, lack of knowledge on maternal diet, cultural prohibition, and knowledge gap of the professionals were barriers that interfere with dietary practices during pregnancy. Conclusion Pregnant women in the study area are found to have suboptimal dietary practices. Therefore, health professionals should give regular nutrition counseling using cards and role models for promoting diversified food production and consumption.

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Perpetrators and Common Places of Sexual Harassment Against Adolescent School Girls in Nepal

Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.3126/jhp.v8i0.32966 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 15-28

Author(s):

Kalpana Gyawali

Keyword(s):

Sexual Harassment ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Mixed Methods Study ◽

Focus Group Discussions ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Key Informant ◽

School Girls ◽

Girl Students ◽

Depth Interviews ◽

Legal Consequences

The main aim of this study was to find out the vulnerable places of sexual harassment to the girl students and the persons involved in such unwanted behaviors. It was a mixed-methods study. Altogether 773 girl respondents were selected for obtaining quantitative data from Lalitpur and Rupendehi districts in Nepal. Similarly, 10 focus group discussions, 14 Key informant interviews, and eight In-depth interviews were conducted for collecting qualitative data. The result showed that male peers/ friends, teachers, neighbors/ relatives, and strangers were involved in sexual harassment. Frequency of verbal/gestural type of sexual harassment is higher from male peers and touching/pinching and sexual abuse/assault types of sexual harassment are more common from teachers and relatives. Sexual harassment frequently happens in public transport. In society, teachers deserve great respect and trust from parents and students. They have close access to girl students. However, such trust and closeness transformed into sexual harassment whereby accelerating sexual harassment. The higher incidence of sexual harassment at public transports might be due to the proximity and anonymity, which, in turn, results in high levels of sexual harassment and abuse with very little risk of social or legal consequences. The awareness program against sexual harassment and strong laws and order are essential and the judiciary process should be simple and victim-friendly that can reduce sexual harassment to girl students by various perpetrators at different domains in society.

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