A review of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and postpartum depression

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 288-292
Author(s):  
Kent Owusu ◽  
Ravin Patel ◽  
Allison M. Chung

Depression is common among HIV-infected women, predicts treatment non-adherence, and may impact mother to daughter (vertical) transmission of HIV. A majority of women who develop HIV are of child-bearing age, and are at risk for postpartum depression (PPD). A literature review was performed to analyze the literature regarding PPD in HIV-positive women. This review specifically looked at literature regarding the incidence, risk factors, outcomes, and treatment of PPD in HIV-positive women compared to the general population. While existing literature is limited, it seems to imply that there is no difference between HIV-positive women and unaffected women when it comes to PPD incidence or risk factors. A majority of studies did conclude that routine screenings are needed for depressive symptoms in HIV-positive women.

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
William R. Robinson ◽  
Michael Fleischer

Objective: In order to determine the practice habits of obstetricians concerning frequency of prenatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and management strategies for HIV-seropositive obstetric patients, we conducted a telephone survey of practicing obstetricians over a 3-month period.Methods: In the New Orleans metropolitan area, 71/104 (68%) obstetricians participated and completed the survey.Results: Of these obstetricians, 43/71 (60.6%) test all new obstetric patients for HIV; 64/71 (84.5%) routinely ask the patients about risk factors for infection; and 28/71 (39.4%) have actually cared for an HIV-positive patient in their practice. Those obstetricians who routinely tested for HIV were more likely to have personally managed an infected patient and more likely to ask about risk factors. The number of obstetricians who would manage infected patients without consultative assistance was 8/71 (11%).Conclusions: We concluded that obstetricians in this community have largely accepted routinely offered prenatal testing and risk assessment, but they have assumed a relatively small role in risk reduction counseling and treatment.


1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1195-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. McKinsey ◽  
Richard A. Spiegel ◽  
Lori Hutwagner ◽  
James Stanford ◽  
Michael R. Driks ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Kalimullah Jan ◽  
Rebecca Hoe Hui Min ◽  
Tan Seow Yen ◽  
Shekhawat Ravindra Singh

Ischemic stroke occurring in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) needs to be approached with a vast differential diagnosis in mind. We report a case of middle-aged male patient with immune reconstituted HIV on therapy without known cardiovascular risk factors who had a right middle cerebral artery territory infarct. After a thorough evaluation, he received a final diagnosis of neurosyphilis-associated vasculitis leading to stroke. He recovered without any neurological deficits following treatment with intravenous benzylpenicillin. Neurosyphilis is an easily diagnosed and treatable cause of a stroke that can be an initial presentation of neurosyphilis but requires a high index of suspicion.


2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 2784-2791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pontus Naucler ◽  
Flora Mabota da Costa ◽  
Joao Leopoldo da Costa ◽  
Otto Ljungberg ◽  
Antonio Bugalho ◽  
...  

There are limited data on human papillomavirus (HPV) type-specific cervical cancer risk among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women. Previous studies have suggested that HPV 16 would be relatively less important as a causative agent among HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative women. This study investigates HPV type-specific cervical cancer risk in a population in which HIV is endemic. At the Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique, 221 cervical cancer cases and 203 hospital-based controls were consecutively enrolled. HPV typing from cervical samples, HIV testing and recording of socio-demographic factors were performed. Logistic regression modelling was used to assess HPV type-specific risk and effect modification between HIV and HPV infection. Infection with HPV 16, 18 and ‘high-risk non-HPV 16/18 types’ (HPV 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58 and 59) was associated with cervical cancer in both crude and adjusted analyses. HPV 16 and 18 were the most common types detected in cancer biopsies among both HIV-negative and HIV-positive women. There was no significant evidence of effect modification between any HPV type and HIV infection, and there were no significant differences in the HPV type-specific prevalence when cervical cancers among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women were compared. Within the limitations of the study, the relative importance of different HPV types in cervical carcinogenesis appears not to be modified greatly by HIV infection, suggesting that HPV vaccines might not need to be type-specifically modified to be suitable for populations where HIV is endemic.


2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Raden Isma Nurul Aini ◽  
Sinta Sari Ratunanda ◽  
W. Wijana ◽  
Agung Dinasti Permana ◽  
Sally Mahdiani

Latar belakang: Aktinomikosis merupakan infeksi bakteri kronis yang jarang ditemukan (1:300.000orang per tahun). Berbagai faktor risiko dapat mengakibatkan infeksi tersebut, sehingga pengobatan perludilakukan berdasarkan etiologi dan faktor risiko.Tujuan: Melaporkan dan menganalisis kasus yangjarang, yaitu aktinomikosis di hipofaring dan laring pada penderita dengan HIV-positive, yang menutupidua-pertiga inlet laring dan sfingter esofagus atas.Kasus: Laki-laki berusia 21 tahun datang dengankeluhan sulit menelan dan rasa mengganjal di tenggorok sejak 2 bulan. Pada pemeriksaan rinolaringoskopididapatkan massa berbenjol pada tonsil lingualis dan supraglotis. Hasil biopsi menunjukkan peradangankronis karena Actinomyces sp. Metode: Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui Pubmed, Proquest, ClinicalKey, dan Google Scholar, dengan tidak membatasi tahun pencarian jurnal. Berdasarkan kriteria inklusi daneksklusi, didapatkan tiga artikel yang telah dilakukan critical appraisal. Hasil: Tidak ditemukan publikasimengenai kasus aktinomikosis servikofasial pada pasien dengan human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)positif. Tiga artikel yang ditemukan menunjukkan bahwa aktinomikosis dapat timbul pada pasien yangimunokompromais dalam jangka waktu lama. Pada tiga artikel yang dianalisis, manajemen aktinomikosisdapat dilakukan dan memberikan hasil yang baik karena telah diketahui faktor risiko sebelumnya. Namunpada kasus ini, infeksi HIV (+) sebagai faktor risiko baru ditemukan setelah manajemen aktinomikosis,dengan tindakan pembedahan dan medikamentosa sehingga memengaruhi outcome dari manajemen pasientersebut.Kesimpulan: Analisis faktor risiko pada aktinomikosis, seperti keadaan defisiensi imun akibatinfeksi HIV, perlu diinvestigasi secara mendalam sehingga dapat memperbaiki outcome manajemen pasien.Kata kunci: Aktinomikosis, disfagia, faktor risiko, defisiensi imun, human immunodeficiency virus ABSTRACTSBackground: Actinomycosis is a rare chronic bacterial infection that could be found in humans(incidence rate is 1 per 300,000 per year). There are various risk factors which can promote infection,and the treatment should be based on etiology and risk factors. Purpose: To present and analyse a caseof HIV-positive 21-year-old man with cervicofacial actinomycosis in hypopharynx and larynx, closingtwo-third of laryngeal inlet and upper esophageal sphincter. Case: A 21-years old man came with chiefcomplain of swallowing difficulty and blocking sensation in the throat. Rhinolaryngoscopy revealedcauliflower-like masses on lingual tonsil and supraglottic. Biopsy result showed chronic inflammation dueto Actinomyces sp. Method: Search of literatures was conducted on Pubmed, Proquest, Clinical Key, andGoogle Scholar without limiting years of journals. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, threearticles were obtained as full texts and considered useful for the authors to be analysed. Result: Authorsdid not find any case reports and other papers discussing cervicofacial actinomycosis with HIV-positivein national and international journals. Three articles revealed that infection due to Actimomyces sp. wasrelated with long-term immunosuppressed conditions. In these articles, actinomycosis managementsshowed good response since their risk factors were known. However in our case, HIV as a predisposingfactor was discovered postoperatively, and after pharmacological treatment of actinomycosis had beenadministerred, affecting outcome and next management of this patient. Conclusion: In-depth analysisof actinomycosis predisposing factors, HIV infection should be included in order to improve the patientmanagement outcome. Keywords: Actinomycosis, risk factor, immunocompromised, human immunodeficiency virus


2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1380-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lina Tornesello ◽  
Maria Luisa Duraturo ◽  
Paolo Giorgi-Rossi ◽  
Matilde Sansone ◽  
Roberto Piccoli ◽  
...  

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women have high rates of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) and concurrent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections with a variety of genotypes whose oncogenic risk is poorly documented. The prevalence and persistence of HPV genotypes and HPV16 variants were analysed in 112 HIV-positive and 115 HIV-negative Italian women. HIV-positive women were more likely than HIV-negative women to be infected by HPV at the initial examination (39.3 vs 13.9 %, P<0.001) and to have a higher period prevalence of HPV infection over a 3-year follow-up (43.8 % vs 17.4 %, P<0.001), regardless of CD4+ cell counts and anti-retroviral therapy. ‘High-risk’ and ‘probable high-risk’ HPVs (types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, 58 and 66), among the 20 different viral genotypes identified, were predominant in HIV-positive (33.9 %) compared with HIV-negative (13.9 %) women. Among HIV-infected women, with normal cytology as well as with SIL of any grade, the most common genotypes were HPV16 followed by HPV81, -58, -72, -33 and -62. HPV16 isolates from 18 HIV-positive and eight HIV-negative women were classified into variant lineages based on sequencing analysis of E6 and E7 genes and the long control region. Whilst the HPV16 G350 European variant was prevalent in both HIV-positive (10.7 %) and -negative women (3.5 %), HPV16 African 2 variant was only detected in HIV-positive women (3.6 %), suggesting different sexual mixing behaviours. The increased prevalence of uncommon viral genotypes and HPV16 variants in HIV-positive Italian women underscores the need to target a wide range of HPV types in cervical screening of high-risk women.


Author(s):  
Samuel T. Ntuli ◽  
Eric Maimela ◽  
Linda Skaal ◽  
Mabina Mogale ◽  
Provia Lekota

Background: Cervical cancer remains the major public problem worldwide and the most common gynaecological malignancy in the developing world, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.Aim: To determine the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology amongst women with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and examine the association between HIV and histological grading.Setting: The study was conducted in Limpopo province, which is the northernmost province of South Africa. The province has five district municipalities with one tertiary, five regional and thirty four district hospitals.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed cervical cancer cases in Limpopo province (LP) of South Africa, using data collected routinely by the National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS). The data on smears submitted for cytology between 2013 and 2015 were extracted from the Central Data Warehouse (CDW) database.Results: A total of 84 466 women were screened for cervical cytology smears. Their mean age was 39.8 ± 13.6 years, with range from 15 to 113 years; 77.2% were in the age group 30 years and older and 19.6% had an abnormal cervical cytology result. Overall, 46.4% of the women screened for cervical cancer were HIV infected. A significantly higher proportion of HIV-positive women had abnormal cytology than HIV-negative women (31.8% vs. 9.2%).Conclusion: The prevalence of abnormal cytology amongst HIV-positive women is relatively high, and the risk appears to be significantly greater in all age groups. This finding highlights the need to ascertain HIV status of all women presenting with cervical cancer.


2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 438-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Villacian ◽  
T. Barkham ◽  
A. Earnest ◽  
N. I. Paton

AbstractWe studied the prevalence of and risk factors forStaphylococcus aureusnasal colonization in HIV-positive outpatients in Singapore. Overall prevalence was 23% (45 of 195), with 3% (6 of 195) being MRSA. Recent antibiotic use and hospitalization were independent predictors of MRSA colonization. Isolates were genotypically identical to our hospital's inpatient circulating strain.


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