scholarly journals The Collapse of the Price of Oil and the Importance of Fair Market Competition and Optimizing Public and Private Resources: Assessing Angola's Contraceptive Market Landscape

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-527
Author(s):  
Denise L Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Market Competition ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Fair Market

The French Nitrogen Industry during the Interwar Period: The Ambiguous Relationship between the State and Manufacturers

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-212
Author(s):  
Michael Llopart
Keyword(s):  
Market Competition ◽  
The State ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Private Industry ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The First World War ◽  
French Case ◽  
International Cartel ◽  
First World

Abstract At the end of the First World War, the French government seized the opportunity to acquire the chemical processes of the German firm BASF, including the Haber-Bosch process. This patent made it possible to synthesize nitrogen from the air and thus produce nitrogen fertilizers in large quantities. French industrialists, however, refused to acquire these patents, and to make up for this lack of private sector involvement, the French Parliament decided in 1924 to create a national plant (ONIA), which became the first state-owned plant to be exposed to market competition. The intention was for the ONIA to supply the army with nitric acid in times of war, and, in peacetime, to sell fertilizers at the lowest possible prices in order to curb the monopoly of the private industry cartel. The purpose of this article is therefore to study the establishment and organisation of the French market for nitrogen fertilisers during the inter-war period by raising a number of questions about the ambiguous and complex relations between the state and private industry in this strategic sector. Why was the state policy initiated with the ONIA not successful at first? From 1927-1928, once the ONIA was operational, why and how did the public and private players jointly organise the marketing of fertilisers even though their interests were partially divergent? From the economic crisis of the 1930s onwards, how did the regulation of this mixed market evolve and how were public/private tensions overcome? In the French case, why did French producers leave the international cartel very early on in favour of state protectionism? And finally, to what extent can it be said that this “managed economy” framework succeeded in satisfying all the players in the French nitrogen industry?

Il potere e il problema della qualitŕ. Considerazioni della prospettiva della sociologia economica

2009 ◽  
pp. 143-170
Author(s):  
Luigi Doria
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Management Quality ◽  
Quality Certification ◽  
Policy Fields ◽  
Contemporary Development ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
Sociological Studies

- Quality is one of the most relevant and, at the same time, ambiguous key-word of the contemporary socio-economic lexicon. The reference to quality discourses and technologies (such as those related to quality management, quality assurance, quality certification) ranges from market competition to organizational and managerial dynamics, from policy making to the new forms of governance. But, if quality constitutes itself as an eminent value for contemporary development, the treatment of the most diverse social domains (including, for example, administration, research, culture) in terms of quality is often assumed as the emblem of a disquieting trend towards control and rationalization. This contribution deals first with the analysis of the multiple meanings of the notion, paying particular attention to sociological studies and to the relationship between quality and the dimension of calculation. The attention focuses then on the role of the concept in the field of public policy and governance and, in particular, on quality as a sort of connecting device, which promotes processes of integration among different policy fields and networking phenomena involving public and private actors. The articles briefly hints, in the last part, at the root of the peculiar normativity of quality and at the enigmatic character of its current power.Keywords: Quality, networking, economic sociology, public policy.

scholarly journals The Off-Patent Biological Market in Belgium: Is the Health System Creating a Hurdle to Fair Market Competition?

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Philippe Van Wilder
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Fair Market ◽  
Biological Market

We investigated the off-patent biological market in Belgium from a policy maker’s perspective, in light of the Belgian pharmaceutical health system. The main barriers relate to a short-term budgetary focus, to the overwhelming innovator’s reach and to a concertation model with assessment and appraisal being mixed which results in poorly effective policy measures.

scholarly journals Corrupt Environment, Marketization Level and Growth of Five-star Hotel Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Tingting Zhou ◽  
Jing Yu ◽  
Junnuo Shi
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Industry Practice ◽  
Fair Market ◽  
Control Of Corruption ◽  
Positive Effect

Under the situation of frequent corruption behaviors of government officials and strict requests on cracking down on corruption, using the panel data of provincial five-star hotels, this paper investigates the existence and continuity of development model of “Corruption Economy” in five-star hotel industry, and detects the way for sustainable development of five-star hotel industry on the background of anti-corruption from the perspective of marketization. The results show that degree of state corruption represented by Control of Corruption has a positive effect on the growth of five-star hotel industry. Anti-corruption policies in litigation system, the efforts of implementing these policies to combat corruption, and public’s perceived corruption and anti-corruption all verify a negative impact on five-star hotel industry. Practice shows that anti-corruption breaks the false prosperity of “corruption economy” model. Only with a perfect market system as well as fair market competition order, the five-star hotel industry can realize a sustainable growth.

Technology, market change and the privatisation of communications in Britain

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Organisational Change ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Change ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Uk

Purpose What are the trade-offs between public and private ownership in the business and how does this impact industries responsible for providing and offering services on critical national infrastructure? The privatisation of British Telecom (BT), the UK telecommunications provider that was initially part of the British Post Office, is used to explore this question. By broadening the business perspective beyond the political goals and economic consequences of privatisation; this study aims to approach management history provides new perspectives of the benefits and challenges offered by both public and private ownership. Design/methodology/approach To fulfil its purpose, this paper examines how the UK telecommunications incumbent proactively adapted from being an organisation shaped by its unique position within the public sector, to one embracing the challenges offered by the private sector. The analysis is synthesised by linking an understanding of the customer’s requirements, services and technology with surveys of the secondary literature, supported where applicable by archival material, combining perspectives from authors both within the organisation and external to it. Sources include specialist and more general academic material and contemporary and reflective publications from practising engineers and managers; supplemented by material held at the BT Archives and the Guildhall Library in London. It links the debate on ownership to the evolution of the market under study and provides a balanced view across the business, its market, competition and technology. Findings The arguments surrounding public or private ownership, are complex, in particular, it is difficult to separate effects due to liberalisation and privatisation. Whilst the former provided the impetus for beneficial change, the latter reduced the level of detrimental entanglement with government policy and enabled the technology and structural changes that took the market forward. Originality/value A new and balanced view of the privatisation of BT is taken, with an emphasis on how the company needed to change to thrive in a liberalised market, noting how technological change both required organisational change and enabled it. In contrast to many studies, the emphasis is on what was driving the organisation rather than the policy of privatisation and its effectiveness.

Institutional Entrepreneurship, Trust, and Regulatory Capture in the Digital Economy

2019 ◽  
pp. 58-79
Author(s):  
Luigi Mundula ◽  
Sabrina Auci
Keyword(s):  
Market Competition ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Regulatory Capture ◽  
Institutional Entrepreneurship ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Economic Framework ◽  
Institutional Entrepreneur ◽  
Definition Of

In regard to the problem of the new markets' opening and their regulation, some scholars have introduced the concept of “institutional entrepreneur” in economic literature. This new definition of entrepreneur is important to highlight, albeit in informal and descriptive terms, the existence of functional relationships between activities typical of private market competition and those more specifically, of the public sector. Even if this new economic character can provide an interesting key to understanding what can really happen in the narrow zone that separates the public and private markets, it does not consider some conceptual components that are not minor for the purposes of complete characterization. For example, those of reciprocity, trust and capture that put the actions of the entrepreneur in a continuum defined by more or less virtuous (or legal) behaviors. From this point of view this chapter examines these aspects within the digital economic framework.

scholarly journals Analysis on the Enterprises’ Innovation Quality Based on the Patent Value: A Comparison between Public and Private Enterprises in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3107
Author(s):  
Dujuan Huang ◽  
Hongbo Duan ◽  
Gupeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Market Competition ◽  
Resources Allocation ◽  
Private Enterprises ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Chinese Enterprises ◽  
Allocation Efficiency ◽  
Competition Level ◽  
Innovation Quality ◽  
Renewal Period

To investigate Chinese enterprises’ innovation quality and examine how it is determined by the enterprise ownership, this paper uses about 73.8 thousand invention patents applied by Chinese enterprises during 1985–2011 in estimating patent return based on the renewal period. We take patent return to be the measurement of innovation quality, and make a comparison between public and private enterprises. We find that the innovation quality of public enterprises is improved after restructuring, but is still lower than that of private enterprises. We may find the causes of the innovation quality differences from the allocation efficiency of R&D resources. Monopolized enterprises own higher innovation quality by monopolizing industry resources, which leads to a low R&D resources allocation efficiency. In comparison, the R&D resources allocation efficiency of public enterprises in the competitive industry is higher than that in monopolized enterprises. R&D resources allocation efficiency is generally inversely proportional to the public owned level, and proportional to the market competition level. This study generates an important policy implication, that is, the social R&D resources allocation efficiency of China would be improved by disposing part of R&D resources monopolized by public research institutes and public enterprises to private enterprises.

scholarly journals Strategies for Sustainability of Environmental & Resources Efficiency

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Joshua Ioji Konov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Market Equilibrium ◽  
Fiscal Stimulus ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Fair Market ◽  
Medium Businesses ◽  
Consumption Demand ◽  
Alternative Energies

The best global model for expanding Alternative Energies and Environmental Protection is through using market equilibrium, whereas governmental subsidies and fiscal stimulus to be just supplementary. Accelerated Globalization and rising Productivity’ Market equilibrium depends on matching consumption demand and supply through price deleveraging. Hence is achievable in a more fair market competition only by changing market (i.e. economic) agents: from presently used trickle-down economics that stimulate big business and big investors to a more market related economics (Marketism) that would stimulate Small & Medium Businesses and Investors (SME&I) boost business activities and related employment, fiscal reserves and over all market utilized consumption.

scholarly journals Students’ Perceptions of Public vs. Private Higher Education Institution Brand Value in Croatia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9767
Author(s):  
Martina Ostojić ◽  
Mirna Leko Šimić
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Private Higher Education ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Value Perceptions ◽  
Private And Public

Due to the transition process in Croatia that started about three decades ago, higher education institutions (HEIs) are forced to intensively involve themselves in market competition and become market and entrepreneurial oriented in order to keep up with new trends in higher education. The branding process in HEIs has become one of the major activities in creating value and gaining market position in many countries, including Croatia. The aim of this study is to provide a deeper insight into and understanding of differences in brand market value perceptions of students of public and private HEIs in Croatia. Altogether, 443 students (242 from a public HEI and 201 from a private HEI) responded to a questionnaire based on Aaker’s model of brand equity, from which a t-test and a correlation analysis showed that the public HEI was significantly better only in the dimension of other proprietary brand assets, while in the private HEI all other dimensions of brand market value were evaluated better. However, brand market value itself was significantly higher in the public sector HEI, mainly due to the perception of “value for money” and functional benefits, i.e., employability. The study identified several factors that need to be taken into account when branding private and public HEIs in Croatia.

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