scholarly journals DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF GROINS

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Donald F. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Beach Erosion ◽  
Shore Protection ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Design And Construction

Groins are frequently used for shore protection and improvement. Not infrequently the owner of shore property who has had groins built to protect or improve his property is disappointed with the results. More often than not this unhappy situation must be attributed to the fact that too much was expected by the owner. The owner in such a case is not properly to be criticized, because a great deal remains to be learned about groins; their effects, their proper design and construction. In the present state of the art of shore protection and improvement it is not possible to design and build groins without facing numerous uncertainties, particularly in the area of advance determination of the results which will be accomplished. This condition is faced frankly at the very beginning of this paper and should be kept in mind throughout the consideration of the subject of groin design and construction. This paper presents a digest of what is considered by the writer to be the best current practice. No pretense is made for the development of original ideas on the subject. The writer is indebted to many engineers who have contributed accounts of their experiences to the literature, and to the members of the Beach Erosion Board and its staff, especially Dr. Martin A. Mason.

History of Mathematics in the Islamic World: The Present State of the Art

1985 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Berggren
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mathematical Sciences ◽  
Islamic Mathematics

In Recent Years, many discoveries in the history of Islamic mathematics have not been reported outside the specialist literature, even though they raise issues of interest to a larger audience. Thus, our aim in writing this survey is to provide to scholars of Islamic culture an account of the major themes and discoveries of the last decade of research on the history of mathematics in the Islamic world. However, the subject of mathematics comprised much more than what a modern mathematician might think of as belonging to mathematics, so our survey is an overview of what may best be called the “mathematical sciences” in Islam; that is, in addition to such topics as arithmetic, algebra, and geometry we will also be interested in mechanics, optics, and mathematical instruments.

scholarly journals Concepts and new perspectives for long span bridges

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-97
Author(s):  
Fabio Brancaleoni
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Present State ◽  
Critical Parameter ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Span Length ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Long Span Bridges ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Long Span ◽  
The Subject

AbstractA discussion of the dominant factors affecting the behaviour of long span cable supported bridges is the subject of this paper. The main issue is the evolution of properties and response of the bridge with the size of the structure, represented by the critical parameter of span length, showing how this affects the conceptual design. After a review of the present state of the art, perspectives for future developments are discussed.

Use of a SIT Image Detector for Atomic Emission/Fluorescence Spectrometry

1976 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Chester ◽  
H. Haraguchi ◽  
D. O. Knapp ◽  
J. D. Messman ◽  
J. D. Winefordner
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Multielement Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Image Detector ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence ◽  
Linear Dynamic ◽  
Similar Image

A silicon-intensified target vidicon tube (SIT) is evaluated for analytical use in the determination of 17 elements in an Ar-separated C2H2/air flame and 5 elements in an Ar-separated C2H2/N2O flame using combined atomic emission and atomic fluorescence as excited by a 150 W CW EIMAC xenon arc lamp. Benefits of combining emission and fluorescence signals in multielement analysis are experimentally shown. Limits of detection are approximately 100 times worse than previously reported by atomic fluorescence alone using a conventional spectrophotometer with the same 150 W EIMAC lamp. Linear dynamic ranges are between ∼10 and ∼100 for elements analyzed in the C2H2/air flame and are as high as 1000 for elements in the C2H2/N2O flame. Little or no use of the SIT and many similar image detectors for multielement analysis via atomic emission and/or atomic fluorescence is predicted at the present “state of the art.”

What is Happening in Classical Indology?—A Review Article

1982 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frits Staal
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Present State ◽  
Indian Philosophy ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Article Deal ◽  
The Subject

Most of the books reviewed in this article deal with Indian philosophy, mythology, or the Vedas, but other recent publications are discussed. The author provides a general assessment of the present state of the art in classical Indology. In spite of the venerable antiquity of the subject, not all pertinent studies are esoteric or dull. There have been new and unexpected discoveries along with solid and original contributions that have wide-ranging implications. Many views that are commonly held are now seen to derive from misconceptions and to stand in need of revision. Topics treated are Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Tantrism, and Shamanism; contacts between India and Central Asia, and the Indianization of Asia; Soma andkarma; ritual, epic, psychology, sex, and grammar.

scholarly journals Linguistically Defined Clustering of Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek M. Leski ◽  
Marian P. Kotas
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Sequential Search ◽  
High Data ◽  
Linguistic Rule ◽  
Linguistic Rules ◽  
Simple Rules ◽  
Benchmark Datasets ◽  
Clustering Approach ◽  
The Subject

Abstract This paper introduces a method of data clustering that is based on linguistically specified rules, similar to those applied by a human visually fulfilling a task. The method endeavors to follow these remarkable capabilities of intelligent beings. Even for most complicated data patterns a human is capable of accomplishing the clustering process using relatively simple rules. His/her way of clustering is a sequential search for new structures in the data and new prototypes with the use of the following linguistic rule: search for prototypes in regions of extremely high data densities and immensely far from the previously found ones. Then, after this search has been completed, the respective data have to be assigned to any of the clusters whose nuclei (prototypes) have been found. A human again uses a simple linguistic rule: data from regions with similar densities, which are located exceedingly close to each other, should belong to the same cluster. The goal of this work is to prove experimentally that such simple linguistic rules can result in a clustering method that is competitive with the most effective methods known from the literature on the subject. A linguistic formulation of a validity index for determination of the number of clusters is also presented. Finally, an extensive experimental analysis of benchmark datasets is performed to demonstrate the validity of the clustering approach introduced. Its competitiveness with the state-of-the-art solutions is also shown.

scholarly journals RECENT ADVANCES IN COASTAL STRUCTURE DESIGN

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Charles E. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Structure Design ◽  
Beach Erosion ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Shore Protection ◽  
Corps Of Engineers ◽  
Modern Design ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Design And Construction

The type and scope of work accomplished and responsibility and authority of the office to which he is attached is indicative of the interests of an author and of the information available to him. It is therefore pertinent to cover in this general section a summary of the responsibility and the delegated authority of the Corps of Engineers as regards Coastal Engineering. The subject of recent advances in coastal structures is quite broad and complex and modern design practice incorporates old and new findings. This paper discusses various aspects of proper modern design of breakwaters and jetties with special attention to newer findings, their proper application and the means by which the findings were made. The Corps has the responsibility for the planning, investigation, design and construction of Federal civil works navigation projects. This consists generally of harbor and channel works. Their responsibility extends to the control of all works, private or governmental, to assure that navigation will not be adversely affected. They are also charged with the responsibility of planning, investigation, design and construction of Federal civil works projects involving shore protection from wave and currents, protection from effects of hurricane, tsunamis and tidal flooding, and of beach erosion control. The accomplishment of such a mission therefore includes research of an applied nature to permit advancement in knowledge and technique. Most of this research is based on small scale model studies accomplished at the U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station at Vicksburg, Mississippi, and at the laboratory of the Corps of Engineers Beach Erosion Board in Washington, D. C. In addition a limited number of prototype studies are being initiated in the charge of the staffs of various District Engineers.

First Report of the Research Committee on High-Duty Cast Irons for General Engineering Purposes

1938 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Present State ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Results ◽  
Future Work

The report is presented in three parts. Part I reviews the development of high-duty cast irons during the past fifteen years and relates them to the material traditionally used. This is illustrated by results given in Part II, derived from materials actually supplied by manufacturers and designed to show the present state of the art. When complete, these records will form the basis on which a major portion of the Committee's programme will rest, the service trial of selected materials in appropriate engineering applications. The remaining portion of the programme consists in the preparation of materials covering the whole range of cast irons and the determination of their mechanical properties. The first results of this are given in Part III, and it is intended, when the range is completed, to select materials which show sufficient promise for submission to a complete range of mechanical tests. In the meantime, it is hoped that discussion will assist the Committee in its future work.

Introduction and State of the Art

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
V.E. Cosslett
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Present State ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cavendish Laboratory ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Retrospective View ◽  
Present Generation ◽  
The Subject

The invitation to give this opening survey included the suggestion to say something about past as well as future developments, about yesterday as well as tomorrow. A retrospective view is in any event obligatory if the present state of the subject is to be properly displayed, and I am happy to adopt this approach. It happens that recently we added an original RCA type EMB instrument to our historical collection in the Cavendish Laboratory, that goes back through Bragg and Eutherford to Thomson, Eayleigh and Maxwell. My first experience of electron microscopy was in fact gained on the EMB, and soon afterwards on the 1940 Siemens UM100. So I thought it would be interesting to compare the present generation of microscopes with those old originals.

scholarly journals II. On the specific resistance of mercury

1883 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 173-185 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
British Association ◽  
Absolute Measure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Absolute Measurements

Our experiments on the determination of the British Association unit of electrical resistance in absolute measure are detailed in two memoirs communicated to the Society. The conclusion to which they led us is that 1 B. A. unit=·9865 earth quadrant / second, but this result differs considerably from that obtained by some other experimenters, the original Committee included. Although in the present state of the question it is not desirable that the B. A. unit should fall into disuse, there can be no question as to the importance of connecting it with the mercury unit introduced now more than twenty years ago by Siemens. It will then be possible, as recommended by the Paris Conference, to express our absolute measurements in terms of mercury, by stating what length of a column of mercury at 0° of 1 square millimetre section has a resistance of 1 ohm. Accordingly the experiments about to be described relate to the expression in terms of the B. A. unit of the resistances of known columns of mercury at 0°. This investigation was the more necessary, as the principal authorities on the subject, Dr. Werner Siemens and Dr. Matthiessen, had obtained results differing by as much as ·8 per cent.

On Linguistic Expert Examination of Draft Laws

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Batyushkina
Keyword(s):  
Current Practice ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Expert Analysis ◽  
Legal Expert ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Criteria For Evaluation ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Rule Making

The article is devoted to the problem of determination of the subject of linguistic expert examination of draft laws on the basis of the current legislation analysis in the aspect of theoretical and applied linguistics. In this research the author uses the comparative, statistical methods, as well as induction, analysis and synthesis. The article analyzes different types of definitions of linguistic expert examination of draft laws, and examines some problems related to the expert analysis of draft laws. The author of the article notes certain features of correlation between linguistic expert examination of draft laws and legal expert examination of draft laws. The author expresses her own position in relation to the concept and content of linguistic expert examination of draft laws, on the basis of the current practice in the rule-making sphere. The author pays attention to the criteria for evaluation of the text of the draft law: “consistency of presentation” (allows analyzing and evaluating linguistic units and the text of the draft law as a voice unit), “literacy” (allows checking the draft law text for grammar, spelling, punctuation, slips, factual or technical mistakes) and “matching style” (allows analyzing and evaluating the draft law text talking into account the compliance to stylistic features of drafting legislative texts).

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