scholarly journals SAND BORROW AREA DESIGN REFINEMENT TO REDUCE MORPHOLOGICAL IMPACTS: A CASE STUDY OF PANAMA CITY BEACH, FLORIDA, USA.

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Luana Taiani ◽  
Lindino Benedet ◽  
Lucas Silveira ◽  
Stephen Keehn ◽  
Nicole Sharp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incident Wave ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Sediment Characteristics ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Panama City ◽  
Cut Depth ◽  
Beach Volume

The coastline of Panama City Beach, Florida (FL) has been stricken by several hurricanes during the last decades, especially after 1995. In 1998, beach nourishment projects started being implemented to address the impacts of the hurricanes on the coast. Sources of sand for that purpose are commonly from borrow areas located just offshore of the nourishment site. Impacts of these nearshore dredge pits on adjacent coasts will depend on incident wave conditions, nourishment sediment characteristics and some features of the borrow pit (distance from the shore, depth of cut, cross-shore extent, alongshore extent and orientation - Bender & Dean, 2003; Benedet & List, 2008). The practical goal of the current study was to mitigate for the negative potential effects by discovering the less impactful design of dredge pit geometries on the Borrow Area S1 in Bay County-FL. Five different cut widths and excavation depths within the permitted limits were herein evaluated. Evaluation of morphological impacts on adjacent beaches was carried with the processed-based morphodynamic model Delft3D, calibrated and simulated for a period of 13 years. Results were evaluated in terms of beach volume changes compared against a baseline simulation (no action).Switching from Alternative 1 (6,260,000 m³) to Alternative 2 (5,380,000 m³) does not result in a substantial reduction of the borrow area’s projected impact. The cut depth is still deep, and the surface area is unchanged. Alternative 3 (3,555,000 m³) is able to provide more substantial reductions in the borrow area’s impact. By reducing the acreage of the borrow area and switching to a uniform cut depth, the projected impact of the borrow area decreases 39% for 1.56 km along the downdrift beach. Under Alternatives 4 (3,060,000 m³) and 5 (2,755,000 m³), the impacts of the borrow area are projected to be less than 3.75 m³/m/yr. While both alternatives are viable, Alternative 5 minimizes potential impacts, and has a uniform cut depth and a volume that still satisfies the project’s requirements. Given these considerations, Alternative 5 is the preferred alternative. Additionally, all the alternatives increase the net-accretion along 6.5 km of Shell Island between 0.25 to 1 m³/lm/yr., a valuable side effect in a region with high net erosion. By conducting various simulations an optimal borrow area design has been identified that reduces its effects on the adjacent beaches.

scholarly journals The Fairness of Solidarity Bills under the Solidarity Value of Nowak and Radzik

Game Theory ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lawrence Diffo Lambo ◽  
Pierre Wambo
Keyword(s):  
Shapley Value ◽  
Real World ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Tu Games ◽  
Unwanted Side Effect ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Threshold Position ◽  
To Receive

The solidarity value is a variant of the well-known Shapley value in which some sense of solidarity between the players is implemented allowing the disabled to receive help from the fortunate ones. We investigate on how fairly solidarity expenses are shared. We discuss the unwanted side effect of someone paying undue solidarity contributions as far as reversing his condition from a privileged to a needy person. A deeper case study is conducted for two classes of TU games that we obtain by modeling two real world business contexts. Here, we trace all player to player transfers of funds that arise when solidarity actions are processed, and we answer the question of who settles the solidarity bills. Also, we obtain the threshold position of a player below which he gets solidarity help, but above which he instead pays out donation.

scholarly journals Surface Integrity Investigation to Determine Rough Milling Effects for Assessment of Machining Allowance for Subsequent Finish Milling of Alloy 718

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Jonas Holmberg ◽  
Anders Wretland ◽  
Johan Berglund ◽  
Tomas Beno ◽  
Anton Milesic Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Integrity ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Milling Operations ◽  
Milling Operation ◽  
Machining Allowance ◽  
Rough Milling

The planned material volume to be removed from a blank to create the final shape of a part is commonly referred to as allowance. Determination of machining allowance is essential and has a great impact on productivity. The objective of the present work is to use a case study to investigate how a prior rough milling operation affects the finish machined surface and, after that, to use this knowledge to design a methodology for how to assess the machining allowance for subsequent milling operations based on residual stresses. Subsequent milling operations were performed to study the final surface integrity across a milled slot. This was done by rough ceramic milling followed by finish milling in seven subsequent steps. The results show that the up-, centre and down-milling induce different stresses and impact depths. Employing the developed methodology, the depth where the directional influence of the milling process diminishes has been shown to be a suitable minimum limit for the allowance. At this depth, the plastic flow causing severe deformation is not present anymore. It was shown that the centre of the milled slot has the deepest impact depth of 500 µm, up-milling caused an intermediate impact depth of 400 µm followed by down milling with an impact depth of 300 µm. With merged envelope profiles, it was shown that the effects from rough ceramic milling are gone after 3 finish milling passes, with a total depth of cut of 150 µm.

Progressive Collapse Approach Compared to the Traditional Temperature Screening on Structural Assessment of Offshore Structures Against Fire

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula T. Nascimento ◽  
Marco A. P. Rosas ◽  
Leonardo Brandão ◽  
Fernando Castanheira
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Progressive Collapse ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
Fire Scenarios

The present study compares the progressive collapse approach with the traditional temperature screening method on determination of PFP requirements at topside offshore structures. The advantage to evaluate the consequences of fire scenarios on the global integrity and stability of topside modules can be revealed by a substantial reduction of the required amount of PFP, and consequently significant cost savings for operators, when compared to the traditional approach. In the case study presented in this paper, there is a reduction of 79% in PFP allocation.

Analysis of Micro-Porosity Defect and Remedial Measures in Crankshaft (Ductile Iron) – A Case Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 1134 ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Azalan Mohamed Ibrahim ◽  
Mohd Azam Musa ◽  
Noraishah Mohamad Noor ◽  
Wan Ahmad Najmudin Wan Saidin ◽  
Mohd Fadhil Rani
Keyword(s):  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Ductile Cast Iron ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Standard Operation ◽  
Operation Procedure ◽  
Mg Content ◽  
Moisture Increase ◽  
Significant Factors

This paper presents analysis of Micro-Porosity defect in product Crankshaft - Ductile cast iron (FCD 700/2), which has been carried out at one of Automotive Foundry Company in Malaysia. Systematic analyses like cause-effect diagram and defect diagnostic study approach were carried out to understand the root causes of the micro-porosity. From the data analysis there are two significant factors are identified that affect the formation of micro-porosity, they are mold factor and metal factor. Four remedial countermeasures have been proposed to prevent micro-porosity; increase squeezes pressure at molding machine, control sand moisture, increase radius at edge of mold, and reduce Magnesium (Mg) content. Result of the trials showed substantial reduction of micro-porosity defect in crankshaft (casting). The company has accepted the countermeasure and incorporated in the standard operation procedure.

Requirements Management for Data Driven Requisitions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan James McLachlan ◽  
Changlih Ee ◽  
Jeroen Veen ◽  
Fabien Cochet ◽  
Daniele Tomassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Task Force ◽  
International Association ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Requirements Management ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Equipment Supplier

Objectives/Scope Systems engineering techniques, particularly requirements management, are critical to realizing the value of digital transformation to improve capital project delivery. Drawing on the results of a case study, this paper will demonstrate the value of using digital requirements management to exchange information through a project lifecycle, specifically showing benefits in the integrity of data transfer; more efficient procurement lifecycle; more robust deviation management; and bidirectional traceability of requirements, including full visibility and end to end verification and validation. Methods, Procedures, Process A requirement is a capability to which a project outcome (product or service) should conform, and the purpose of requirements management is to ensure that an organization documents, verifies and validates these capabilities. In this case study the operator provides their technical specifications in the form of requirements. These requirements are then imported into the EPC's PLM platform, where they are supplemented with additional information from the EPC's engineers to create a requirements-based requisition package. This is then transmitted to the equipment supplier, where it is reviewed and, for the purposes of the case study, reviewed for completeness. To test the ability to identify changes and deviations, the EPC engineer modified the requirements and the file was transferred to both the operator and equipment supplier to ensure the changes were transferred and were identifiable. The case study also demonstrates how verification activities (testing, commissioning, etc.) can be linked to requirements; passed through the supply chain and be modified to capture changes to the status of the activity (such as test results). Results, Observations, Conclusions The case studies described show how requirements can be exchanged between operator, EPC and equipment supplier without any loss of data. It will also show how this approach allows a data driven approach, as opposed to a document driven approach, to be deployed in the requisitioning process, which could facilitate substantial reduction in the procurement lifecycle. This is achieved by removing extraneous information exchanged between the companies; the removal of swivel chair solutions, where data is extracted from one system and transferred to another; and expediting the bid evaluation stage. Finally, the case study will demonstrate how this approach could be extended beyond the purchase order to provide a direct link between specific requirements and testing (FATs) or commissioning activities, which facilitates a more efficient process for verification as well as ensuring a digital record of the entire lifecycle of a package. The case study highlighted the importance of aligning data model and developing workflows, these findings are captured in the lessons learned section and have been shared with the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (IOGP) Requirements Digitalization Task Force (RDTF). Novel/Additive Information The paper will also include a vision of requirements models can be used to establish a holistic requirements model of a project, including the interdependencies of different system components. The case study will also demonstrate how the adoption of a common data standard for requirements allows a software agnostic solution that can be adopted by all.

In the Age of Bioterrorism, an Affair to Remember: The Silver Anniversary of the Swine Flu Epidemic That Never Was

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
William P. Brandon
Keyword(s):  
Continuing Education ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Neurological Complication ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Cassette Tape ◽  
Classic Case ◽  
Family Practitioners ◽  
The Government

Twenty-five years ago, in November 1976, a physician misunderstood a cassette-tape providing continuing education for family practitioners to say that the rare neurological complication called Guillain-Barré syndrome could be a side effect of flu vaccines. When a recently vaccinated patient developed the syndrome, the physician alerted public officials and thereby started the process that ultimately ended the government campaign to immunize all Americans against swine flu. The physician was right, but for the wrong reasons, as Neustadt and Fineberg point out in the introduction to the 1983 edition of their classic case study of the swine flu episode (1983:xxv).

Questioning the Key Techniques Underlying the Iterative and Incremental Approach to Information Systems Development

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angus G. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Systems Development ◽  
User Participation ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Information Systems Development ◽  
Incremental Development ◽  
Successful Design ◽  
Key Techniques

The iterative and incremental development (IID) approach is widely adopted in information systems development (ISD) projects. While the IID approach has played an important role the management of many ISD projects, some of the key techniques have not received critical appraisal from the academic community. This paper aims to fill the gap and examines three such techniques through a case study. First of all, the gap between the theory of user participation and the reality of user’s lack of real influence on design and development is explored. The author proposes the concept of “participatory capture” to explain the side effect of user participation. Secondly, the assumption that evolutionary prototyping converges to a successful design is questioned. Thirdly, the side effect of the timeboxing technique is considered. The paper suggests that the IID approach represents the learning approach as categorized in Pich et al. (2002) and it might be ineffective in dealing with the significant uncertainties in ISD projects.

scholarly journals Developing an Analytical Model and Computing Tool for Optimizing Lapping Operations of Flat Objects Made of Alloyed Steels

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tudor Deaconescu ◽  
Andrea Deaconescu
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Operation Optimization ◽  
Abrasive Grains ◽  
Finishing Process ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Lapping is a finishing process where loose abrasive grains contained in a slurry are pressed against a workpiece to reduce its surface roughness. To perform a lapping operation, the user needs to set the values of the respective lapping conditions (e.g., pressure, depth of cut, the rotational speed of the pressing lap plate, and alike) based on some material properties of the workpiece, abrasive grains, and slurry, as well as on the desired surface roughness. Therefore, a mathematical model is needed that establishes the relationships among the abovementioned parameters. The mathematical model can be used to develop a lapping operation optimization system, as well. To this date, such a model and system are not available mainly because the relationships among lapping conditions, material properties of abrasive grains and slurry, and surface roughness are difficult to establish. This study solves this problem. It presents a mathematical model establishing the required relationships. It also presents a system developed based on the mathematical model. In addition, the efficacy of the system is also shown using a case study. This study thus helps systematize lapping operations in regard to real-world applications.

scholarly journals Review of periodical articles

Urban History ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-374
Author(s):  
FREDERICK BUYLAERT ◽  
GERRIT VERHOEVEN ◽  
TIM VERLAAN ◽  
REINOUD VERMOESEN
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
North West ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Louis The Pious

Historians are held hostage by the sources that are available to them, and for that reason, the historiography of medieval towns is dominated by research on thirteenth-, fourteenth- or fifteenth-century case-studies. In preceding centuries, literacy was largely the monopoly of ecclesiastical milieus, who were often hostile or simply not interested in describing the urban settlements which then emerged all over Europe. An interesting exception, however, is the Breton town of Redon, which took shape around an abbey that was established in 832 with support of the Carolingian Emperor Louis the Pious. By navigating the unusually extensive set of Carolingian cartularies of this abbey, as well as the available cartographic and archaeological evidence, Julien Bachelier has developed an incisive sketch of the development of a town in the shadow of the Carolingian abbey in the eleventh and twelfth centuries (‘Une ville abbatiale bretonne. Redon du IXe au XIVe siècle’, Histoire Urbaine, 48 (2017), 133–54). This case-study confirms once again that the urbanization of medieval Europe was more than a side-effect of the rebirth of long-distance trade as the canonical Pirenne thesis would have it. The Redon case provides a valuable contribution to the revisionist perspective that stresses the importance of local demand from abbeys, episcopal palaces and castles as a stimulus for urban development (see esp. the seminal work of A. Verhulst, The Rise of Cities in North-West Europe (Cambridge, 1999)).

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