scholarly journals IMPROVING PREDICTIVE MODELLING OF COASTAL PROTECTION BY SALT MARSHES

2018 ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Van Veelen ◽  
Harshinie Karunarathna ◽  
Tom P. Fairchild ◽  
William G. Bennett ◽  
John Griffin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Wave Attenuation ◽  
Predictive Modelling ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Marsh Vegetation ◽  
Shoreline Stabilization ◽  
Case Study Site ◽  
Scientists And Engineers ◽  
Moderate Climate

Salt marshes are vegetated tidal wetlands, which can typically be found at sheltered coastal areas in moderate climate zones. Their potential as natural coastal protection by wave attenuation (Möller et al, 2014), reduction of flood-surge propagation (Stark et al., 2016) and shoreline stabilization (Bouma et al, 2014) has been increasingly recognized among scientists and engineers, but it comes with risks. Our understanding of the biogeomorphological dynamics between salt marsh vegetation, hydrodynamics and sediment is limited, while these are essential to identify the protective value of marshes to coastal protection (Wu et al., 2017). In this study, we present a predictive process-based model with a newly validated vegetation module to study the potential of salt marshes to contribute to coastal protection for a case study site in West Wales, United Kingdom.

scholarly journals NATURE-BASED COASTAL PROTECTION: WAVE DAMPING BY FLEXIBLE SALT MARSH VEGETATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Thomas J van Veelen ◽  
Harshinie Karunarathna ◽  
William G Bennett ◽  
Tom P Fairchild ◽  
Dominic E Reeve
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coastal Vegetation ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Wave Damping ◽  
Marsh Vegetation ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Wave Energy Dissipation

The ability of coastal vegetation to attenuate waves has been well established (Moller et al., 2014). Salt marshes are vegetated coastal wetlands that can act as nature- based coastal defenses. They exhibit a range of plant species, which have been shown to differ in the amount of wave damping they provide (Mullarney & Henderson, 2018). Recent studies have shown that plant flexibility is a key parameter that controls wave energy dissipation (Paul et al., 2016). Yet, no model exists that includes plant flexibility in computationally efficient manner for large-scale coastal zones. Therefore, we have developed a new model for flexible vegetation based on the key mechanisms in the wave-vegetation interaction and applied it to an estuary with diverse salt marsh vegetation.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/AjnFx3aFSzs

scholarly journals Using Multispectral Drone Imagery for Spatially Explicit Modeling of Wave Attenuation through a Salt Marsh Meadow

Drones ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Antoine Mury ◽  
Antoine Collin ◽  
Thomas Houet ◽  
Emilien Alvarez-Vanhard ◽  
Dorothée James
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Wave Attenuation ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Red Edge

Offering remarkable biodiversity, coastal salt marshes also provide a wide variety of ecosystem services: cultural services (leisure, tourist amenities), supply services (crop production, pastoralism) and regulation services including carbon sequestration and natural protection against coastal erosion and inundation. The consideration of this coastal protection ecosystem service takes part in a renewed vision of coastal risk management and especially marine flooding, with an emerging focus on “nature-based solutions.” Through this work, using remote-sensing methods, we propose a novel drone-based spatial modeling methodology of the salt marsh hydrodynamic attenuation at very high spatial resolution (VHSR). This indirect modeling is based on in situ measurements of significant wave heights (Hm0) that constitute the ground truth, as well as spectral and topographical predictors from VHSR multispectral drone imagery. By using simple and multiple linear regressions, we identify the contribution of predictors, taken individually, and jointly. The best individual drone-based predictor is the green waveband. Dealing with the addition of individual predictors to the red-green-blue (RGB) model, the highest gain is observed with the red edge waveband, followed by the near-infrared, then the digital surface model. The best full combination is the RGB enhanced by the red edge and the normalized difference vegetation index (coefficient of determination (R2): 0.85, root mean square error (RMSE): 0.20%/m).

scholarly journals MODELING WAVE ATTENUATION DUE TO SALTMARSH VEGETATION USING A MODIFIED SWAN MODEL

2018 ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Christie ◽  
Iris Möller ◽  
Tom Spencer ◽  
Marissa Yates
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Drag Coefficient ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Wave Attenuation ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Wave Dissipation ◽  
Vegetation Height ◽  
Wave Conditions ◽  
Spatially Varying

Vegetated shorelines have been increasingly recognized for their contribution to natural coastal protection due to their ability to dissipate wave energy. Within the UK, salt marshes are beginning to be included in flood defence schemes. Predicting wave dissipation over vegetation requires accurate representation of salt marsh canopies and the feedback relationship between vegetation and wave conditions. We present a modification to the SWAN vegetation model, which includes a variable drag coefficient and a spatially varying vegetation height. Its application is demonstrated by modelling wave propagation over UK salt marshes. The third generation wave model, SWAN includes a vegetation module for calculation of wave attenuation over vegetation. Wave dissipation is determined based on the vegetation properties and a drag coefficient. This drag coefficient, C_D, is used to calibrate the model, and a fixed value is used per model run. Empirically the drag coefficient has been found to vary with ambient wave conditions. Typically the drag coefficients are defined empirically as a function of either the stem Reynolds number, Rev, or the Keulegan-Carpenter number, KC. The parameter values have been shown to vary with vegetation type. In this paper, we modify the SWAN vegetation module to include a temporally varying CD. This allows the drag coefficient to vary with ambient wave parameters, which gives an improved prediction under time varying wave conditions (e.g. passage of a storm) and includes the change in wave conditions as they travel through the vegetation. We also incorporate spatially varying vegetation height into the model to further improve the representation of the complexity of vegetated shorelines. Using the new formulation we find improved prediction of wave dissipation over both idealized laboratory and field salt marsh vegetation.

Sugar factory audits, debottlenecking and efficiency improvement

2020 ◽  
pp. 607-612
Author(s):  
Bernard Coûteaux
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Predictive Modelling ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Process Simulations ◽  
Capital Efficiency ◽  
Potential Improvement ◽  
Primary Focus

This paper elaborates on the key solutions offered by De Smet Engineers & Contractors (DSEC) to optimize the efficiency of cane sugar producing and processing facilities. In order to meet customer needs, DSEC offers proprietary predictive models built using the latest versions of specialized software. These models allow factory managers to envision the whole picture of increased operational and capital efficiency before it becomes reality. An integrated energy model and the CAPEX/OPEX evaluation method are discussed as ways to estimate and optimize costs, both for new greenfield projects and revamping of existing factories. The models demonstrate that factory capacities can be successfully increased using equipment that is already available. Special attention is paid to crystallization and centrifugation process simulations and the potential improvement of the global energy balance. One case study shows the transformation of a beet sugar factory into a refinery to process raw cane sugar after beet crop season and the second case shows the integration of a refinery into a cane sugar factory. The primary focus of the article is optimization of the technological process through predictive modelling. DSEC’s suggested solutions, which lead to great improvements in a plant’s efficiency and its ability to obtain very low energy consumption, are discussed.

scholarly journals Territorial governance of managed retreat in Sweden: addressing challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnel Göransson ◽  
Lisa Van Well ◽  
David Bendz ◽  
Per Danielsson ◽  
Jim Hedfors
Keyword(s):  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Governance Framework ◽  
Case Study Site ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
Flexible Planning ◽  
Barriers And Opportunities ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Inland Flooding

AbstractMany climate adaptation options currently being discussed in Sweden to meet the challenge of surging seas and inland flooding advocate holding the line through various hard and soft measures to stabilize the shoreline, while managed retreat is neither considered as feasible option nor has it been explicitly researched in Sweden. However, failure to consider future flooding from climate change in municipal planning may have dangerous and costly consequences when the water does come. We suggest that managed retreat practices are challenging in Sweden, not only due to public opinions but also because of a deficit of uptake of territorial knowledge by decision-makers and difficulties in realizing flexible planning options of the shoreline. A territorial governance framework was used as a heuristic to explore the challenges to managed retreat in four urban case studies (three municipalities and one county) representing different territorial, hydrological and oceanographic environments. This was done through a series of participatory stakeholder workshops. The analysis using a territorial governance framework based on dimensions of coordination, integration, mobilization, adaptation and realization presents variations in how managed retreat barriers and opportunities are perceived among case study sites, mainly due to the differing territorial or place-based challenges. The results also indicate common challenges regardless of the case study site, including coordination challenges and unclear responsibility, the need for integrated means of addressing goal conflicts and being able to adapt flexibly to existing regulations and plans. Yet rethinking how managed retreat could boost community resilience and help to implement long-term visions was seen as a way to deal with some of the territorial challenges.

Predictive modelling of multiperiod geoarchaeological resources at a river confluence: a case study from the Trent–Soar, UK

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris J. Carey ◽  
Tony G. Brown ◽  
Keith C. Challis ◽  
Andy J. Howard ◽  
Lynden Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Modelling ◽  
River Confluence

scholarly journals THE SUITABILITY ECOTOURISM BEACH BASED GEOSPATIAL IN PADANG CITY – INDONESIA : CASE STUDY OF CATEGORY RECREATION BEACH AND MANGROVE

Jurnal Segara ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aprizon Putra
Keyword(s):  
Water Area ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Research Results ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Matrix

Padang city has a coastline 80.24 km with a water area 72,000 ha, and 19 small islands. Overall, coastal in Padang City consists of beach sloping 41.52 km, cliff 22.08 km, muddy 8.19 km, and type of artificial beach in form of building coastal protection. The research aims at identifying suitability for ecotourism beach (category of recreation beach and mangrove). The methodology used ie with the matrix of suitability ecotourism beach using geospatial approach. Research results for suitability category recreation beach in 24 locations in beach Padang City 18 locations are in the category of very suitable with a value 82.28 % and only beach in Bung Hatta University are in category conditional with a value 27 %. Suitability category ecotourism mangrove in 19 locations in beach Padang City 6 location is in a category is in accordance with a value 92.11 % and 4 location is in a category conditional/not suitable to value 50.88 %.

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