LOADING AND STRUCTURAL RESPONSE OF DEVELOPED SHORELINES UNDER WAVES, SURGE, AND TSUNAMI OVERLAND FLOW HAZARDS

Inundation from storms like Hurricanes Katrina and Sandy, and the 2011 East Japan tsunami, have caused catastrophic damage to coastal communities. Prediction of surge, wave, and tsunami flow transformation over the built and natural environment is essential in determining survival and failure of near-coast structures. However, unlike earthquake and wind hazards, overland flow event loading and damage often vary strongly at a parcel scale in built-up coastal regions due to the influence of nearby structures and vegetation on hydrodynamic transformation. Additionally, overland flow hydrodynamics and loading are presently treated using a variety of simplified methods (e.g. bare earth method) which introduce significant uncertainty and/or bias. This study describes an extensive series of large-scale experiments to create a comprehensive dataset of detailed hydrodynamics and forces on an array of coastal structures (representing buildings of a community on a barrier island) subject to the variability of storm waves, surge, and tsunami, incorporating the effect of overland flow, 3D flow alteration due to near-structure shielding, vegetation, waterborne debris, and building damage.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/EDLiEK6b64E

Download Full-text

A PERFORMANCE-BASED COASTAL ENGINEERING FRAMEWORK

Coastal Engineering Proceedings ◽

10.9753/icce.v36v.management.16 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Catalina Gonzalez-Duenas ◽

Jamie E. Padgett

Keyword(s):

Coastal Engineering ◽

Coastal Communities ◽

Time Varying ◽

Risk And Resilience ◽

Probabilistic Framework ◽

Coastal Structures ◽

Coastal Regions ◽

Infrastructure Systems ◽

Inform Decision Making ◽

Resilience Assessment

Coastal regions are exposed to both chronic and punctuated hazards, such as sea level rise and hurricane events, that can jeopardize entire coastal communities. Therefore, to effectively assess the risk and resilience of coastal communities subjected to multi-hazard environments, evaluation of the capacity of individual structures and infrastructure systems to withstand the different time-varying demands imposed in coastal settings is of paramount importance. This study proposes a comprehensive probabilistic framework for the design, risk and resilience assessment of coastal structures. The methodology also provides useful tools to inform decision-making, facilitate recovery efforts and improve resource allocation.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/8SI3Dw30yes

Download Full-text

The principles of showing vegetation in series of large-scale maps in connection with mapping dynamics of natural environment

Geobotanical mapping ◽

10.31111/geobotmap/1966.26 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 1966 ◽

pp. 25-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. A. Кrauкlis ◽

Yu. O. Medvedev

Keyword(s):

Natural Environment ◽

Large Scale ◽

In Series

Download Full-text

Environmental Development Strategies for an Industrial Area (Kochi Industrial Belt)

Journal of Recent Activities in Architectural Sciences ◽

10.46610/joraas.2021.v06i02.003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Annu Reetha Thomas

Keyword(s):

Natural Environment ◽

Industrial Pollution ◽

Large Scale ◽

Human Life ◽

Industrial Area ◽

Health Issues ◽

Economic Progress ◽

Planning Approach ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Technical Solutions

Discharging of wastes and toxic pollutants produced by the industrial activities into the natural environment which consist of air, water and land implies the term Industrial Pollution. It has serious consequences on human life and its health along with several ways of negative impacts on the environment and nature. As far as our nation is concerned most of the major cities are filled with these large-scale industries which place a crucial role financial development of a country. Strictly hindering the development of industries cannot be done as it is vital for the Socio-Economic progress of a country. Yet it is our duty to protect our natural environment by limiting the pollution due to industries. This Study consist of the issues occurred in Eloor- Kadungalloor region as result of the industrial pollution followed by policies for a development plan to enhance the natural and environmental conditions with a planning approach at micro study level. As far as the Kerala context is considered, the major spot which is mostly affected by the industrial pollution is the ‘Edayar Industrial belt’ which is the largest industrial belt in Kerala. This became one of most noted spot because of the continuous dumping of dangerous chemical pollutants from adjacent industries (pesticide and fertilizer manufacturing). It has also resulted in health issues for the inhabitants of the site. Though many complaints have been filed against the companies, there has no proper laws or schemes for taking measures for reduction of pollution have come up so far. Hence this paper deals with the application of technical solutions and strategies for an Environment Improvement plan development for an industrial as well as studying on the issues of sire and its inhabitants.

Download Full-text

The NREL Large-Scale Turbine Inflow and Response Experiment: Preliminary Results

ASME 2002 Wind Energy Symposium ◽

10.1115/wind2002-64 ◽

2002 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Neil Kelley ◽

Maureen Hand ◽

Scott Larwood ◽

Ed McKenna

Keyword(s):

Wind Turbine ◽

Large Scale ◽

Structural Response ◽

Technology Center ◽

Operating Environments ◽

Sonic Anemometers ◽

Wide Range ◽

Scaling Parameters ◽

Planar Array ◽

Turbulence Scaling

The accurate numerical dynamic simulation of new large-scale wind turbine designs operating over a wide range of inflow environments is critical because it is usually impractical to test prototypes in a variety of locations. Large turbines operate in a region of the atmospheric boundary layer that currently may not be adequately simulated by present turbulence codes. In this paper, we discuss the development and use of a 42-m (137-ft) planar array of five, high-resolution sonic anemometers upwind of a 600-kW wind turbine at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC). The objective of this experiment is to obtain simultaneously collected turbulence information from the inflow array and the corresponding structural response of the turbine. The turbulence information will be used for comparison with that predicted by currently available codes and establish any systematic differences. These results will be used to improve the performance of the turbulence simulations. The sensitivities of key elements of the turbine aeroelastic and structural response to a range of turbulence-scaling parameters will be established for comparisons with other turbines and operating environments. In this paper, we present an overview of the experiment, and offer examples of two observed cases of inflow characteristics and turbine response collected under daytime and nighttime conditions, and compare their turbulence properties with predictions.

Download Full-text

The Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Lightning Strikes and Their Relationship with Vegetation Type, Elevation, and Fire Scars in the Northern Territory

Journal of Climate ◽

10.1175/jcli4039.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

pp. 1161-1173 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Musa Kilinc ◽

Jason Beringer

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Vegetation Type ◽

Northern Region ◽

Northern Territory ◽

Southern Region ◽

Transitional Period ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Coastal Regions ◽

Fire Scars ◽

Lightning Strikes

Abstract In this paper the authors explore the spatial and temporal patterns of lightning strikes in northern Australia for the first time. In particular, the possible relationships between lightning strikes and elevation, vegetation type, and fire scars (burned areas) are examined. Lightning data provided by the Bureau of Meteorology were analyzed for a 6-yr period (1998–2003) over the northern, southern, and coastal regions of the Northern Territory (NT) through the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to determine the spatial and temporal characteristics of lightning strikes. It was determined that the highest densities of lightning strikes occurred during the monsoon transitional period (dry to wet) and during the active monsoon periods, when atmospheric moisture is highest. For the period of this study, lightning was far more prevalent over the northern region (1.21 strikes per km2 yr−1) than over the southern (0.58 strikes per km2 yr−1) and coastal regions (0.71 strikes per km2 yr−1). Differences in vegetation cover were suggested to influence the lightning distribution over the northern region of the NT, but no relationship was found in the southern region. Lightning strikes in the southern region showed a positive relationship with elevations above 800 m, but no relationship was found in the northern region, which could be due to the low-lying topography of the area. A comparison of lightning densities between burned and unburned areas showed high variability; however, the authors suggest that, under ideal atmospheric conditions, large-scale fire scars (>500 m) could produce lightning strikes triggered by either enhanced free convection or mesoscale circulations.

Download Full-text

LARGE-SCALE LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS AND NUMERICAL MODELING OF WAVE FORCE AND PRESSURE ACTING ON THE URBAN STRUCTURES

Coastal Engineering Proceedings ◽

10.9753/icce.v36v.structures.28 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Dayeon Lee ◽

Sungwon Shin ◽

Hyoungsu Park ◽

Dan Cox

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Large Scale ◽

Wave Force ◽

High Elevation ◽

Coastal Communities ◽

Submerged Breakwater ◽

Sea Levels ◽

Urban Structures ◽

Overland Flows ◽

Hard Structures

Low lying coastal communities are most vulnerable to the flooding which causes from sea-level rise (SLR), and extreme coastal flooding events such as hurricanes and tsunami. Notably, the high elevation of sea-levels due to SLR and local tidal conditions could accelerate the damages on the coastal communities. Hard coastal structures such as a submerged breakwater and seawall would consider minimizing the impacts of overland flows to the urban area from the extreme coastal events, but the effectiveness of those hard structures are significantly alter depending on the various waves and sea-level conditions.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/GCOOpB4C3tA

Download Full-text

Methods of Landscape Valorization and Possibilities of Its Application in Hunting Area Categorisation

10.5772/intechopen.94048 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Szewczyk Grzegorz ◽

Krzysztof Lipka ◽

Piotr Wężyk ◽

Karolina Zięba-Kulawik ◽

Monika Winczek

Keyword(s):

Natural Environment ◽

Functional Role ◽

Large Scale ◽

Forest Cover ◽

Agricultural Landscape ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Environmental Values ◽

Small Game ◽

Forest Habitats

As a result of environmental changes, assessment indexes for the agricultural landscape have been changing dramatically. Being at the interface of human activity and the natural environment, hunting is particularly sensitive to environmental changes, such as increasing deforestation or large-scale farming. The classical categorisation of hunting grounds takes into account the area, forest cover, number of forest complexes, fertility of forest habitats, lack of continuity of areas potentially favourable to wild animals. Landscape assessment methods used in architecture often better reflect the actual breeding and hunting value of a given area, especially in relation to fields and forests. The forest-field mosaic, large spatial fragmentation as well as interweaving of natural environment elements with buildings do not have to be the factors that limit the numbers of small game. Identification of the constituents of architectural-landscape interiors: content and significance assessment, determination of the functional role or assessment based on the general environmental values being represented take into account factors important for the existence of game, in particular small game.

Download Full-text

ARMOUR UNIT STRUCTURAL RESPONSE - A PARAMETRIC STUDY

Coastal Engineering Proceedings ◽

10.9753/icce.v21.176 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 1 (21) ◽

pp. 176

Author(s):

C. David Anglin ◽

William F. Baird ◽

Etienne P.D. Mansard ◽

R. Douglas Scott ◽

David J. Turcke

Keyword(s):

Wave Height ◽

Parametric Study ◽

Structural Integrity ◽

Design Procedure ◽

Structural Response ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Coastal Structures ◽

Log Normal ◽

Wave Induced ◽

Hydraulic Stability

There is a general lack of knowledge regarding the nature and magnitude of loads acting on armour units used for the protection of rubblemound coastal structures. Thus, a comprehensive design procedure incorporating both the hydraulic stability and the structural integrity of the armour units does not exist. This paper presents the results of a detailed parametric study of the structural response of armour units to wave-induced loading in a physical breakwater model. The effect of the following design parameters is investigated: breakwater slope, armour unit location, wave period and wave height. This research has made a number of significant contributions towards the development of a comprehensive design procedure for concrete armour units. It has identified a linear relationship between the wave-induced stress in the armour units and the incident wave height. In addition, it has shown that the conditional probability of waveinduced stress given wave height can be estimated by a log-normal distribution. Finally, a preliminary design chart has been developed which incorporates both the structural integrity and the hydraulic stability of the armour units.

Download Full-text

State and Perspectives of the Concept of Large‐Scale Conditioning of Regional Climate Modelling

10.20944/preprints201807.0533.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Hans von Storch ◽

Leone Cavicchia ◽

Frauke Feser ◽

Delei Li

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Dynamical Downscaling ◽

Regional Climate ◽

Ocean Dynamics ◽

Small Scale ◽

Climate Modelling ◽

Coastal Regions ◽

Global Models ◽

Atmospheric Disturbances ◽

Low Level Jets

We review the state of dynamical downscaling with scale-constrained regional and global models. The methodology, in particular spectral nudging, has become a routine and well-researched tool for hindcasting climatologies of sub-synoptic atmospheric disturbances in coastal regions. At present, the spectrum of applications is expanding to other phenomena, but also to ocean dynamics and to extended forecasting. Also new diagnostic challenges are appearing such as spatial characteristics of small-scale phenomena such as Low Level Jets.

Download Full-text