scholarly journals WAVE INTERACTIONS WITH SUBMERGED HORIZONTAL FLEXIBLE BREAKWATERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Dharma Sree K K ◽  
Sourav Mandal ◽  
Adrian Wing-Keung Law
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Horizontal Plate ◽  
Wave Interactions ◽  
Shoreline Protection ◽  
Submerged Horizontal Plate ◽  
Elastic Sheets

With the ongoing sea-level rise associated with climate changes, coastline protection is among the top priorities of national interest for many countries across the globe, and particularly those in Southeast Asia with extended shorelines, and submerged horizontal plate breakwaters (SHPB) have been proposed as a possible measure for shoreline protection in the literature. Most of the earlier research works considers the material for the SHPB to be either rigid or elastic sheets (with and without perforations) (Patarapanich, 1984, Heins 1950). The wave modulation due to the presence of such structures is thus predominantly due to wave interactions, edge reflection and turbulence. In this paper, we extend the earlier works and consider the viscoelastic properties for the flexible SHPB (which can better represent the possible damping introduced in the field conditions) both experimentally and analytically.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/l92umh2KnYY

scholarly journals Climate change in the recent geological past and the near future. Predicting its impacts: a Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Constantinos Perisoratis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Climatic Change ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Geological Past ◽  
Near Future

The climate changes are necessarily related to the increase of the Earth’s temperature, resulting in a sea level rise. Such continuous events, were taking place with minor and greater intensity, during the alternation of warm and cool periods in the Earth during the Late Quaternary and the Holocene periods. However, a particularly significant awareness has taken place in the scientific community, and consequently in the greater public, in the last decades: that a climatic change will take place soon, or it is on-going, and that therefore it is important to undertake drastic actions. However, such a climatic change has not been recorded yet, and hence the necessary actions are not required, for the time being.

Transitioning to a Prosperous, Resilient and Carbon-Free Economy

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Early Adoption ◽  
Weather Events

This book is a comprehensive manual for decision-makers and policy leaders addressing the issues around human caused climate change, which threatens communities with increasing extreme weather events, sea level rise, and declining habitability of some regions due to desertification or inundation. The book looks at both mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and global warming and adaption to changing conditions as the climate changes. It encourages the early adoption of climate change measures, showing that rapid decarbonisation and improved resilience can be achieved while maintaining prosperity. The book takes a sector-by-sector approach, starting with energy and includes cities, industry, natural resources, and agriculture, enabling practitioners to focus on actions relevant to their field. It uses case studies across a range of countries, and various industries, to illustrate the opportunities available. Blending technological insights with economics and policy, the book presents the tools decision-makers need to achieve rapid decarbonisation, whilst unlocking and maintaining productivity, profit, and growth.

scholarly journals Elimination of the Greenland Ice Sheet in a High CO2 Climate

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 3409-3427 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Ridley ◽  
P. Huybrechts ◽  
J. M. Gregory ◽  
J. A. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Ice Dynamics

Abstract Projections of future global sea level depend on reliable estimates of changes in the size of polar ice sheets. Calculating this directly from global general circulation models (GCMs) is unreliable because the coarse resolution of 100 km or more is unable to capture narrow ablation zones, and ice dynamics is not usually taken into account in GCMs. To overcome these problems a high-resolution (20 km) dynamic ice sheet model has been coupled to the third Hadley Centre Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere GCM (HadCM3). A novel feature is the use of two-way coupling, so that climate changes in the GCM drive ice mass changes in the ice sheet model that, in turn, can alter the future climate through changes in orography, surface albedo, and freshwater input to the model ocean. At the start of the main experiment the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration was increased to 4 times the preindustrial level and held constant for 3000 yr. By the end of this period the Greenland ice sheet is almost completely ablated and has made a direct contribution of approximately 7 m to global average sea level, causing a peak rate of sea level rise of 5 mm yr−1 early in the simulation. The effect of ice sheet depletion on global and regional climate has been examined and it was found that apart from the sea level rise, the long-term effect on global climate is small. However, there are some significant regional climate changes that appear to have reduced the rate at which the ice sheet ablates.

scholarly journals Impacts of sea level rise and climate change on coastal plant species in the central California coast

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra Garner ◽  
Michelle Chang ◽  
Matthew Fulda ◽  
Jon Berlin ◽  
Rachel Freed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
Coastal Plant

Local increases in sea level caused by global climate change pose a significant threat to the persistence of many coastal plant species through exacerbating inundation, flooding, and erosion. In addition to sea level rise (SLR), climate changes in the form of air temperature and precipitation regimes will also alter habitats of coastal plant species. Although numerous studies have analyzed the effect of climate change on future habitats through species distribution models (SDMs), none have incorporated the threat of exposure to SLR. We developed a model that quantified the effect of both SLR and climate change on habitat for 88 rare coastal plant species in San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, and Ventura Counties, California, USA. Our SLR model projects that by the year 2100, 60 of the 88 species will be threatened by SLR. We found that the probability of being threatened by SLR strongly correlates with a species’ area, elevation, and distance from the coast, and that ten species could lose their entire current habitat in the study region. We modeled the habitat suitability of these 10 species under future climate using a species distribution model (SDM). Our SDM projects that 4 of the 10 species will lose all suitable current habitats in the region as a result of climate change. While SLR accounts for up to 9.2 km2 loss in habitat, climate change accounts for habitat suitability changes ranging from a loss of 1439 km2 for one species to a gain of 9795 km2 for another species. For three species, SLR is projected to reduce future suitable area by as much as 28% of total area. This suggests that while SLR poses a higher risk, climate changes in precipitation and air temperature represents a lesser known but potentially larger risk and a small cumulative effect from both.

scholarly journals Impacts of sea level rise and climate change on coastal plant species in the central California coast

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra Garner ◽  
Michelle Chang ◽  
Matthew Fulda ◽  
Jon Berlin ◽  
Rachel Freed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
Coastal Plant

Local increases in sea level caused by global climate change pose a significant threat to the persistence of many coastal plant species through exacerbating inundation, flooding, and erosion. In addition to sea level rise (SLR), climate changes in the form of air temperature and precipitation regimes will also alter habitats of coastal plant species. Although numerous studies have analyzed the effect of climate change on future habitats through species distribution models (SDMs), none have incorporated the threat of exposure to SLR. We developed a model that quantified the effect of both SLR and climate change on habitat for 88 rare coastal plant species in San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, and Ventura Counties, California, USA. Our SLR model projects that by the year 2100, 60 of the 88 species will be threatened by SLR. We found that the probability of being threatened by SLR strongly correlates with a species’ area, elevation, and distance from the coast, and that ten species could lose their entire current habitat in the study region. We modeled the habitat suitability of these 10 species under future climate using a species distribution model (SDM). Our SDM projects that 4 of the 10 species will lose all suitable current habitats in the region as a result of climate change. While SLR accounts for up to 9.2 km2 loss in habitat, climate change accounts for habitat suitability changes ranging from a loss of 1439 km2 for one species to a gain of 9795 km2 for another species. For three species, SLR is projected to reduce future suitable area by as much as 28% of total area. This suggests that while SLR poses a higher risk, climate changes in precipitation and air temperature represents a lesser known but potentially larger risk and a small cumulative effect from both.

Impact of Sea Level Rise on Coastal Regions and Strategic Responses

2018 ◽  
pp. 239-255
Author(s):  
Pedro Miguel Gomes ◽  
Francisco Sacramento Gutierres
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Strategic Responses ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Shoreline Protection ◽  
Accretion Rates

This chapter includes an assessment of physical vulnerability of the coast, including a coastal vulnerability index composed of 9 physical variables—elevation, distance to shore, tide amplitude, significant wave weight, erosion/accretion rates, geology, geomorphology, ground cover vegetation, and anthropogenic actions—followed by a quantification of coastal recession and the data of special report on emissions scenarios (SRES) developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on the rise in average sea level. It includes an estimate of the economic value of an area of recreation based on the travel cost method. Finally, a bibliographic review is made to assess strategies and responses to the impacts of sea level rise in order to make comparisons and to develop a road map of interventions for shoreline protection. The proposed methodology was applied to a case study on the Portuguese coast corresponding to the beaches of Costa de Caparica, Almada.

scholarly journals Accelerated sea level rise and coastal vulnerability in the Hersonisos coastal region (Crete, Greece)

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. DOUKAKIS
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Coastal Vulnerability ◽  
Bruun Rule ◽  
Severe Erosion ◽  
Coastal Retreat

The IPCC predictions for climate changes in the 21st century assess sea level rise from 5 to 10mm/year due to the Greenhouse effect. We have already entered a period of accelerated temperature and sea level rise and one of the most important impacts of these changes is the severe erosion of the coastal areas. According to Bruun rule, a sea level rise of 1cm induces a coastal retreat of (approximately) 1m in low-lying coastal areas. Taking into consideration the inundation concept, the historical retreat and the Bruun erosion model, the assessment of the coastal setback comes nearer to the response of nature due to climate changes. In the coastal region of the Hersonissos in Crete, Greece and for 21km of its shoreline, the impacts of the above models are considered in order to assess the vulnerability due to the Greenhouse effect. The results are impressive and estimate a coastal retreat of more than 280m up to the end of the century, posing a threat to the coastal infrastructure. In view of the results, decisions and measures should be considered without delay.

scholarly journals Leveraging the Interdependencies Between Barrier Islands and Backbarrier Saltmarshes to Enhance Resilience to Sea-Level Rise

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Hein ◽  
Michael S. Fenster ◽  
Keryn B. Gedan ◽  
Jeff R. Tabar ◽  
Emily A. Hein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Barrier Island ◽  
Barrier Islands ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Tidal Channels ◽  
Shoreline Protection ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Morphologic Data ◽  
Alternative Designs

Barrier islands and their backbarrier saltmarshes have a reciprocal relationship: aeolian and storm processes transport sediment from the beaches and dunes to create and build marshes along the landward fringe of the island. In turn, these marshes exert a stabilizing influence on the barrier by widening the barrier system and forming a platform onto which the island migrates, consequently slowing landward barrier migration and inhibiting storm breaching. Here, we present a novel framework for applying these natural interdependencies to managing coastal systems and enhancing barrier-island resilience. Further, we detail application of these principles through a case study of the design of a marsh creation project that showcases the interdisciplinary engagement of scientists, engineers, stakeholders, and policymakers. Specifically, we describe: (1) the ecologic, sedimentologic, stratigraphic, and morphologic data obtained from the southern 4 km of Cedar Island (Virginia, United States) and nearby backbarrier tidal channels, tidal flats, and flood-tidal deltas, and (2) the use of those data to develop an engineering and design plan for the construction of a high (46 ha) and low (42 ha) fringing marsh platform located behind the island, proximal to a former ephemeral inlet. Additionally, we chronicle the process used to narrow five initial alternative designs to the optimal final plan. This process involved balancing best-available existing science and models, considering design and financial constraints, identifying stakeholder preferences, and maximizing restoration benefits of habitat provision and shoreline protection. Construction of this marsh would: (1) provide additional habitat and ecosystem benefits, (2) slow the rapid migration (up to 15 m/yr at present) of the barrier island, and (3) hinder island breaching. Ultimately, this project – presently at the final design and permitting stage – may enhance the storm and sea-level rise resilience of the island, backbarrier marshes and lagoons, and the mainland town community; and provide an example of a novel science-based approach to coastal resilience that could be applied to other global barrier settings.

scholarly journals ISLAND RESTORATION TO MEET 'TRIPLE-WIN' ENGINEERING WITH NATURE OUTCOMES

2020 ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Paula Whitfield ◽  
Jenny Davis ◽  
Danielle Szimanski ◽  
Jeffrey King ◽  
Joe Gailani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Dredged Sediment ◽  
Island Restoration ◽  
Shoreline Protection ◽  
Restoration Monitoring

The coastal islands and marshes of Chesapeake Bay USA, are disappearing along with the ecosystem services and infrastructure/shoreline protection they provide. To counter such losses, the USACE Baltimore District is restoring historic island footprints using dredged sediments. Islands constitute an important natural and nature-based feature (NNBF) that meet the 'triple win outcomes' of USACE's Engineering With Nature (EWN) initiative, by providing economic, social and environmental benefits. Here we highlight the restoration and monitoring of Swan Island using 61,000 cubic yards of dredged sediment. The creation/expansion of Swan Island, is expected to produce significant benefits in terms of ecosystem services, increased resilience to future sea level rise, and abatement of erosive losses to an adjacent coastal community. The pre- and post-restoration monitoring and model development by project partners will serve to quantify the benefits and efficacy of the island restoration thereby facilitating island restoration as a viable NNBF option in the future.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/2kvSVcH2KuE

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