scholarly journals A meta-analysis on in situ ruminal degradability of grains and meals for energy concentrate feeds

2018 ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Marcos Busanello ◽  
João Pedro Velho ◽  
Antônio Augusto Cortiana Tambara ◽  
Ione Maria Pereira Haygert-Velho ◽  
Dileta Regina Moro Alessio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

One factor that may interfere with rumen fermentation is the physical form of feed, because of the colonization by bacteria during processing. Here, we aimed to perform a meta-analysis and evaluate the in situ ruminal degradability of energy feeds with distinct physical forms (grain vs. meal). We created a database, comprising 39 treatments from 12 studies conducted in Brazil, and focused on parameters for the potential and effective degradability of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of energy feeds. The results showed that there was no difference (P > 0.05) in any of the degradability parameters of DM and CP between the grain and meal. However, the readily soluble fraction of DM in the grain showed a higher degradability trend (P = 0.0888). Overall, it was concluded that the processing of energy feeds does not modify the degradability parameters of DM and CP, and that further studies need to be conducted in Brazil to evaluate the in situ ruminal degradability of starch.

scholarly journals Degradabilidad in situ de la materia seca, proteína y fibra del forraje de morera (Morus alba).

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Carlos Boschini
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

The purpose of this study was to determine the ruminal degradability of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and their fractions, contained in regrowth of mulberry at 56, 84 and 112 days. The degradation of leaves, stems and the whole plant was calculated. The potential degradability of these three components diminished as the regrowth aged. The soluble fraction of the dry matter was reduced from 29% to 25% in the leaves and from 27% to 19% in the stems between the 56th and the112th day. The degradable fraction in the stem remained constant (61-63%) on the three measuring days, with ruminal degradation levels of 14%, 10% and 9%/h respectively. In the stem the degradable fraction diminished from 42% to 30% between the 56th and 112th day, with degradation speeds of 8.4%, 6.7 % and 5.3%/h. The soluble crude protein diminished with age from 41% to 33% in the entire plant and the degradable fraction remained constant between 49% and 51%. The degradation rate was higher than 9.4%/h. The neutral detergent fiber had a degradable fraction of 71%, 62% y 43% on the 56th, 84th and 112th day, with degradation rates of 13%, 10% y 9%/h respectively. The degradation of the neutral detergent fiber began in the rumen with a lag time of 1.5 to 3.2 hours.

scholarly journals Nutritive value of sugarcane silages with different bacterial additives and fermentation periods

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivone Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Francirose Shigaki ◽  
Rosane Cláudia Rodrigues ◽  
Ana Paula Ribeiro Jesus ◽  
Clésio dos Santos Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
B Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fermentation Period

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of sugarcane silage with or without inoculation with P. acidipropionici or L. buchneri, over three fermentation periods. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3 x 3 inoculant by fermentation period factorial arrangement (without inoculant, inoculant 1, inoculant 2; x three fermentation periods, 10, 60, 90 days). Values of pH, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose (HEM) and lignin were determined and in situ DM degradability profiles were modelled for parameters a, b and c, potential degradation (A) and effective degradability (ED). The 90 day fermentation yielded a lower pH for both inoculants. There was an interaction between inoculant and fermentation period (P < 0.05) for DM content, with a reduction in silage DM without the additive at 90 days. The CP, HEM, ADF and lignin contents of sugarcane were not influenced by the treatments. The addition of P. acidipropionici provided the lowest NDF content at 10 days and presented a higher fraction a, potential degradation and ED. At 60 days, there was no variation in soluble fraction, the control silage showed a higher fraction b, higher potential degradation and ED. At 90 days of fermentation, L. buchneri silages presented a higher fraction a, degradation rate and DE and a higher b value was obtained in the silage without inoculant. Inoculants are effective in maintaining the silage DM content and nutritional value during prolonged fermentation periods.

scholarly journals Ruminal degradability of high moisture triticale (X. Triticosecale Wittmack) silage with chemical and biological additives

2020 ◽  
pp. 2391-2400
Author(s):  
Valter Harry Bumbieris Junior ◽  
Robson Marcelo Rossi ◽  
Egon Henrique Horst ◽  
Murilo Dolfini Paranzini ◽  
Vinicius André de Pietro Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Bayesian Procedures ◽  
Passing Rate ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ruminal degradability of dry matter and crude protein of high moisture triticale silage ensiled with different chemical and biological additives. Urea, sodium benzoate and an enzyme-bacterial inoculant were used as treatments. Four samples from each treatment were incubated in rumen on four sheep. Effective degradability was estimated for ruminal passage rate of 2%, 5% and 8% hour-1. Bayesian procedures were used to estimate potential degradation parameters in situ. The high moisture triticale silage with urea showed highest value for the soluble fraction (70.46%) and the best effective dry matter degradability, with a passing rate of 2% h-1 (90.63%), of control silage at other rates of passage. In relation to control silage, the addition of sodium benzoate and enzyme-bacterial inoculant decreased the effective degradability of dry matter, regardless of rate passage evaluated. Due to high solubility of urea, the silage added with this additive had the highest soluble fraction of crude protein (76.42%). The addition of enzyme-bacterial inoculant accelerated the ruminal passage rate of dry matter and protein to 0.26 and 0.20% h-1, respectively, providing less potential degradability of both in relation to other silages. As enzyme-bacterial inoculation reduces rumen degradability of crude protein, it tends to increase the availability of amino acids for intestinal absorption. The addition of urea to high moisture triticale silage may be recommended for sheep feeding at a low level of consumption, as it improves the effective dry matter degradability.

scholarly journals DEGRADAÇÃO RUMINAL DA MATÉRIA SECA E DE PROTEÍNA BRUTA DE VOLUMOSOS PARA BOVINOS Ruminal degradability of dry matter and crude protein of roughages for cattle

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Henrique De Tonissi e Buschinelli ◽  
Rita De Cássia Menchon Tramontini ◽  
Sérgio Tosi Cardim ◽  
Gabriel Daltoé de Almeida ◽  
Juliane Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a degradabilidade ruminal da matéria seca e proteína bruta por meio da técnica in situ dos capins Brachiaria brizantha e Panicum maximum cortados aos 60 dias de idade, das silagens de milho, sorgo e milheto, dos fenos de coast cross, guandu e soja perene e do farelo de soja. Foram utilizados três novilhos com peso médio de 300 kg, fistulados e providos de cânulas ruminais. Os volumosos foram incubados em ordem decrescente de 72, 48, 24, 18, 12, 6, 3 e 0h, e o farelo de soja incubado nos tempos 48, 24, 18, 12, 6, 3 e 0h. Os resíduos dos sacos foram analisados quanto aos teores de matéria seca e proteína bruta. O farelo de soja apresentou alta degradabilidade efetiva para MS em função das frações solúveis (32,85%) e fração potencialmente degradável (65,75%). A silagem de sorgo apresentou elevada fração solúvel e potencialmente degradável se comparada às demais silagens. O feno de soja perene apresentou a maior degradabilidade de MS (80,42%), entre os volumosos avaliados. Para a proteína, destacam-se a baixa degradabilidade apresentada pelo feno de guandu (36,91%) e os demais volumosos apresentaram degradabilidade variando entre 64,50 a 74,56%.

scholarly journals In situ ruminal degradability and fermentation characteristics of novel mixtures of winter cereal and Italian ryegrass plus winter cereal silages

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 302-314
Author(s):  
Alemayehu Worku ◽  
Róbert Tóthi ◽  
Szilvia Orosz ◽  
Hedvig Fébel ◽  
László Kacsala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Protein Degradability

This study was conducted using three multiparous non-lactating rumen-cannulated Holstein-Friesian dairy cows, with the objective of evaluating the in situ ruminal degradability and fermentation characteristics of novel mixtures of winter cereal and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) plus winter cereal silages (mixture A: triticale, oats, barley and wheat; mixture B: triticale, barley and wheat; mixture C: Italian ryegrass and oats; mixture D: Italian ryegrass, oats, triticale, barley and wheat). The rumen fermentation study was conducted replacing the ensiled mixtures (experimental diets) with vetch-triticale haylage in a total mixed ration (control diet). It was found that the effective protein degradability at 0.08 rumen outflow rates was 80.6% (mixture A), 66.2% (mixture B), 79.7% (mixture C) and 79.3% (mixture D). The effective neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) effective degradability at 0.08 rumen outflow rates was 18.0% and 17.7% (mixture A), 19.7% and 20.5% (mixture B), 19.1% and 17.0% (mixture C), and 15.2% and 14.6% (mixture D), respectively. Different dietary treatments did not change (P &gt; 0.05) the rumen fermentation characteristics as there was no difference (P &gt; 0.05) between control and experimental diets, and the inclusion of 40–55% Italian ryegrass (mixture C and D) did not cause any difference. These results suggest that the mixture of winter cereals and Italian ryegrass plus winter cereal-based silages had good potentially degradable dry matter, effective dry matter and effective protein degradability at 0.01, 0.05 and 0.08 rumen outflow rates without affecting the rumen environment maintaining neutral pH. The ensiled mixtures had a moderate level of potentially degradable NDF and ADF fractions.

Degradability chracteristics of dry matter and crude protein of Iranian forages in ruminant

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 144-144
Author(s):  
A. Taghizadeh ◽  
J. shoja ◽  
G. Moghaddam ◽  
H. Jhonmohammadi ◽  
P. Yasan
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Sheep Rumen ◽  
Male Sheep

Values for crude protein (CP) and ruminally undegradable CP content are now required in feed evaluation systems currently used in North America (NRC,1989) and other organizations (Ørskov,1992).The objectives of the present study were to assess in situ ruminal degradability, fractional rates of digestion and the effective degradability of the dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of alfalfa and red clover hays, selected randomly from dairy farms of Tabriz region in Iran on the male sheep rumen.

scholarly journals Digestión de materia seca, proteína cruda y aminoácidos de la dieta de vacas lecheras

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Monica Duque Quintero ◽  
Ricardo Rosero Noguera ◽  
Marta Olivera Ángel
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Kikuyu Grass

The aim of this study was to determine the digestion of dry matter (MS), crude protein (PC) and amino acids (AA) in dairy cows. Two cannulated cows were used for the determination of passage rate (Kp), in situ ruminal degradability (DR) and intestinal digestibility (DI) by abomasal catheter. The data to calculate Kp was analyzed with NLIN procedure by SAS, and descriptive statistics for DR and DI of MS, PC and AA from Kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum), a commercial supplement and two sources of rumen-protected AA. The study showed a Kp and a ruminal retention time of 0.036 h-1 and 27.4 h. The highest values from DR of MS and CP were from Kikuyu grass (69.0 and 61.8%) and concentrate (84.7 and 77.2%), followed by MetP (60.2 and 66.7%) and LysP (6.72 and 11.4%). The highest percentages of rumen indegradable amino acids (AADR) were from Kikuyu and concentrate, varying between 58.7 and 68% in forage, and 76.1 and 82.9% in the concentrate. The DR was 11.5 and 65.8% in LysP and MetP, respectively. The DI of AA (%AADR) varied between 42.3 and 77.4% for Kikuyu and 42.2 and 59.3% for concentrate. The values for the protected amino acids were 42.1 for LysP and 58.6 for MetP. 

scholarly journals In situ ruminal degradation of sallow tree leaves using different mathematical models

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. e2170
Author(s):  
Valiollah Palangi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gompertz Model ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Salix Alba ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

Objective. The objective of this study was to determine the in situ digestion parameters of sallow leaves (Salix Alba) as an alternative food, not commonly used in animal diets using mathematical models. Materials and methods. Four mathematical models were used to describe the ruminal disappearance of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of sallow leaves: non lagged exponential (Model I); lagged exponential (Model II); Gompertz (Model III), and generalized Mitscherlich (Model IV). Results. Results of DM and CP degradability characteristics showed that all the models fitted well (r2>0.98) to the disappearance data. There were minor differences between the models in terms of statistical evaluations. However, the models differed in the estimated parameters depending on the model’s nature and structure and the parameters included. Conclusions. Given that some models estimated negative values for the studied parameters, they were not biologically acceptable. For this reason, the only model I can be used for estimating the degradability of DM and CP of sallow leaves. In terms of effective degradability (ED) of DM, model III was not used in the calculations because of calculating negative values for part A. Sallow leaves constitute the largest possible proportion of the ruminal degradability fractions, and effective degradability can be used as a forage source in ruminant feeds.

scholarly journals Bromatological composition and ruminal degradability of Xaraés palisade grass under grazing in integrated systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e53004
Author(s):  
Francyelle Ruana Faria da Silva ◽  
Ana Karina Dias Salman ◽  
Pedro Gomes da Cruz ◽  
Marlos Oliveira Porto ◽  
Jucilene Cavali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Crown Cover ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

To evaluate the bromatological composition and ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of Xaraés palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha ‘Xaraes’ syn Brachiaria brizantha) under grazing in integrated crop, livestock (ICL), and forest (ICLF) systems, we conducted an in situ degradability trial in randomized blocks with three non-lactating 3/4 Gyr × 1/4 Holstein cows, provided with ruminal cannula. The management of Xaraés palisade grass was similar in both systems, differing only regarding shading in the ICLF system provided by eucalyptus trees (average 65% crown cover). Grass samples were incubated for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours. Considering the passage rate 2% h-1, the Xaraés palisade grass of ICL system had greater NDF effective degradability in relation to ICLF (46.38% vs 44.98%). However, the palisade grass CP potential degradability was greater in the ICLF than in the ICL system (68.92% vs. 65.40%). The presence of trees in the pasture has effect on nutritional traits of the Xaraés palisade grass, increasing its protein content and degradability and reducing its fiber degradability.

Ruminal degradability of mixtures of Panicum maximum and four forage legume hays in N 'dama steer

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-257
Author(s):  
F. T. Ajayi ◽  
O. J. Babayemi ◽  
A. A. Taiwo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Stylosanthes Guianensis ◽  
Herbaceous Legumes ◽  
Fiber Fractions ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

This study was conducted to evaluate rumen degradability of Panicum maximum (Panicum) and Lablab purpureus (lablab). Stylosanthes guianensis (stylo). Centrosema pubescens (centro) and Aeschynomene histrix (histrix) harvested from the paddock consisting of grass and herbaceous legumes. Mixtures of P marimum (l. 8g) and each of these legumes (l.2g) were weighed together and incubated in a cannulated steer. Rumen degradability of the Panicum and legume mixtures were studied at 0, 6, 12. 24. 48 and 72 hours using the equation P=a+b (I-e-ct). Average dry matter (DM) and crude protein of the herbaceous legumes were 37.83% DM and 19.86% CP. respectively The soluble fraction. a ofthe DM degradation ranged from 23.34 to 31 rumen degradable fraction, b ranged from 39 46 to 44.43% DM. disappearance rate of substrates C was highest in lablab (12.4%h-1) and stylo (10.2%h-1) Protein degradation characteristics varied significantly (P< 0.05) among the treatments Hlgher b Potential degradability PD and Effective degradability ED. fractions were observed in the sole legumes and grass legumes combinations than the sole grass. This study revealed that hay consisting of grass and legume mixtures was better degraded in terms of DM.CP and fiber fractions in the rumen compared to sole grass hay and this could translate to enhance performance of livestock when fed these mixtures.

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