scholarly journals Seed nutritional quality comparison of vegetable soybean genotypes at fresh pod and mature stage

2019 ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
C. Liu, Y. Li, B. Tu, X. Wang, B. Tian, Q. Zhang, X. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Total Free Amino Acid ◽  
Vegetable Soybean ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

Vegetable soybean is famous for its better eating quality and taste, which is usually harvested at fresh pod stage. However, no report is available on nutritional values between vegetable soybean seed at fresh pod stage and mature stage. To better understand the seed nutritional quality differences between fresh pod stage and mature stage in vegetable soybean, five vegetable soybean genotypes were examined. The results found that seeds from fresh edible stage had higher total free amino acid, and higher K, Na, Mn and Zn concentrations. The concentrations of soluble sugar, crude oil as well as unsaturated fatty acid were also higher at fresh pod stage. While total isoflavone, Mg and Fe concentrations were generally higher at full maturity stage. No differences in protein concentration were found between the two stages. Significant genotypic differences were found among nutritional parameters. The genotype Line 61 had the highest total soy isoflavone of 4593 μg g-1, whereas the genotype “Heidou” had the lowest total soy isoflavone of 1700 μg g-1 at mature stage. Correlation analysis indicated that total free amino acid was significantly positively correlated with soluble sugar, crude oil and total isoflavone. Therefore, the nutritional values at fresh pod stage and mature stage differed from the perspective of nutritional compositions. The findings reported here add new knowledge to vegetable soybean function and is a useful starting point for future breeding program and cultivation towards improving the nutritional compositions of soybean species.

scholarly journals Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Benefits Its Thrips Vector by Modulating Metabolic and Plant Defense Pathways in Tomato

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Punya Nachappa ◽  
Jean Challacombe ◽  
David C. Margolies ◽  
James R. Nechols ◽  
Anna E. Whitfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Total Free Amino Acid ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Infected Tomato ◽  
Wilt Virus

Several plant viruses modulate vector fitness and behavior in ways that may enhance virus transmission. Previous studies have documented indirect, plant-mediated effects of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infection on the fecundity, growth and survival of its principal thrips vector, Frankliniella occidentalis, the western flower thrips. We conducted thrips performance and preference experiments combined with plant gene expression, phytohormone and total free amino acid analyses to determine if systemically-infected tomato plants modulate primary metabolic and defense-related pathways to culminate into a more favorable environment for the vector. In a greenhouse setting, we documented a significant increase in the number of offspring produced by F. occidentalis on TSWV-infected tomato plants compared to mock-inoculated plants, and in choice test assays, females exhibited enhanced settling on TSWV-infected leaves. Microarray analysis combined with phytohormone signaling pathway analysis revealed reciprocal modulation of key phytohormone pathways under dual attack, possibly indicating a coordinated and dampening defense against the vector on infected plants. TSWV infection, alone or in combination with thrips, suppressed genes associated with photosynthesis and chloroplast function thereby significantly impacting primary metabolism of the host plant, and hierarchical cluster and network analyses revealed that many of these genes were co-regulated with phytohormone defense signaling genes. TSWV infection increased expression of genes related to protein synthesis and degradation which was reflected in the increased total free amino acid content in virus-infected plants that harbored higher thrips populations. These results suggest coordinated gene networks that regulate plant primary metabolism and defense responses rendering virus-infected plants more conducive for vector colonization, an outcome that is potentially beneficial to the vector and the virus when considered within the context of the complex transmission biology of TSWV. To our knowledge this is the first study to identify global transcriptional networks that underlie the TSWV-thrips interaction as compared to a single mechanistic approach. Findings of this study increase our fundamental knowledge of host plant-virus-vector interactions and identifies underlying mechanisms of induced host susceptibility to the insect vector.

The free Amino acid Pool of the Haemocytes of Carcinus Maenas (L.)

1972 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-507
Author(s):  
P. D. EVANS
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Total Free Amino Acid ◽  
Whole Blood Sample

1. The presence of a large intracellular pool of free amino acids in the haemocytes of Carcinus maenas (L.) is described. It was found that 58 % of the total free amino acid concentration of a whole-blood sample was present in the cell fraction. 2. The blood-cell count for Carcinus was found to be around 33,000 cells/µl which corresponded to 1 % by volume of the whole-blood sample. Thus 58 % of the total free amino acid concentration of the blood sample is sequestered into 1 % of the total volume. 3. The pattern of the amino acid pool of the haemocytes is shown to differ from that of muscle and nervous tissue from Carcinus. In particular, the taurine molecule accounted for 50 % of the pool in the haemocytes. 4. Possible functions for the amino acids of the haemocyte pool are suggested and the results are discussed in relation to other studies on free amino acids in crustacean blood.

Total Free Amino Acid Levels in Adult and Senescent Rat Liver

Gerontology ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Eichholz ◽  
D.E. Buetow
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Total Free Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Levels

scholarly journals Nutrition content assessment of Arachis hypogaea L. samples grown in the Mediterranean region of Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 892
Author(s):  
Nezahat Turfan ◽  
Aslı Kurnaz ◽  
Muhammet Karataşlı ◽  
Tahsin Özer ◽  
Şeref Turhan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Total Free Amino Acid ◽  
Content Assessment ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Β Carotene

A total of 42 Turkish peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) samples were analysed for their total free amino acid, β-carotene, lycopene, and flavonoid contents, and the total phenols, glucose, fructose and sucrose in the peanut samples were determined as nutrition aspects. The average values of the total free amino acid, beta-carotene, lycopene, glucose, fructose and sucrose were determined to be 14.4 µmol g−1, 14.4 µg (100 ml)−1, 14.4 µg (100 ml)−1, 1.07 mg g−1, 0.52 mg g−1 and 2.74 mg g−1, respectively. The results reveal that the consumption of Turkish peanut samples is safe and that they contain health-enhancing nutrients.

Free Amino Acids in the Haemocytes and Plasma of the Larva of Calliphora Vicina

1974 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-472
Author(s):  
P. D. EVANS ◽  
A. C. CROSSLEY
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
The Other ◽  
Calliphora Vicina ◽  
Total Free Amino Acid ◽  
Insect Haemocytes ◽  
Homeostatic Function ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

Free amino acid concentrations have been measured in haemolymph samples taken from 3rd instar larvae of the blowfly, Calliphora vicina, at various stages prior to pupariation. The amino acids found in the haemocyte fraction only accounted for 6% of the total free amino acid concentration of the haemolymph. However, a high percentage of the dicarboxylic amino acids, glutamate and aspartate, 62% and 69% respectively, appeared to be sequestered in the haemocyte fraction at 72 h prior to pupariation. The percentage of the other individual amino acids found in the haemocyte fraction represented less than 10% of their amount in whole haemolymph. It is proposed that these results, together with the increase in the haemocyte levels of glutamate observed after injecting larvae with saline containing glutamate, are one of the first indications of a homeostatic function of insect haemocytes with respect to haemolypmh amino acids.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document