scholarly journals Significance of Relationship in Multilevel Marketing and its effect on Business Outcome

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
Dr. Abdul Assis Koroth
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Marketing ◽  
Business Outcome

Hatred and Profits: Under the Hood of the Ku Klux Klan*

2012 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 1883-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland G. Fryer ◽  
Steven D. Levitt
Keyword(s):  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Ku Klux Klan ◽  
Archival Data ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Multilevel Marketing ◽  
Religious Intolerance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
Terrorist Organization ◽  
Sales Agents

Abstract In this article, we analyze the 1920s Ku Klux Klan, those who joined it, and its social and political impact by combining a wide range of archival data sources with data from the 1920 and 1930 U.S censuses. We find that individuals who joined the Klan in some cities were more educated and more likely to hold professional jobs than the typical American. Surprisingly, we find little evidence that the Klan had an effect on black or foreign-born residential mobility or vote totals. Rather than a terrorist organization, the 1920s Klan is best described as social organization with a very successful multilevel marketing structure fueled by an army of highly incentivized sales agents selling hatred, religious intolerance, and fraternity in a time and place where there was tremendous demand.

Marketing Fraud: An Approach for Differentiating Multilevel Marketing from Pyramid Schemes

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Vander Nat ◽  
William W. Keep
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Direct Selling ◽  
Multilevel Marketing ◽  
International Growth ◽  
Pyramid Scheme ◽  
Pyramid Schemes

A specific form of direct selling, multilevel marketing (MLM), experienced significant international growth during the 1990s, facilitated in part by the development of the Internet. A corresponding increase in the investigation and prosecution of illegal pyramid schemes occurred during the same period. These parallel activities led to increased uncertainty among marketing managers who used or wished to use the MLM approach. The authors examine similarities between the multilevel approach to marketing and activities associated with illegal pyramid schemes. A mathematical model is used to differentiate between the two on the basis of previous pyramid scheme cases and current U.S. law. The results of the model suggest key factors that marketers interested in MLM will need to consider when developing this type of distribution channel.

scholarly journals APLIKASI PEREKRUTAN DAN PENGELOLAAN ANGGOTA BERBASIS E-COMMERCE PADA KEGIATAN MULTI LEVEL MARKETING ORIFLAME

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitra Nugraha ◽  
Fresy Novian Desy
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Marketing ◽  
Multi Level

Abstrak���������� Bisnis yang baik adalah bisnis dimana faktor� utamanya membuka peluang untuk semua orang dapat bergabung dalam bisnis tersebut. Bisnis yang baik akan menghasilkan Sumber Daya Manusia yang bermental juara, salah satunya adalah bisnis di Multi Level Marketing Oriflame. Bisnis MLM Oriflame ini memberi banyak peluang bagi siapa saja untuk bergabung dan mengembangkan bisnis ini seluas mungkin. Dalam dunia Bisnis, ada berbagai macam jenis bisnis, tapi untuk Bisnis Di Multilevel Marketing tidak terlalu menghabiskan banyak Infestasi keungan. Melainkan hanya berfikir positif, mencari peluang, dan bermental juara. Oleh karena itu dituangkan suatu ide untuk membuat perekrutan dan pengelolaan anggota berbasis E-Commerce. Member diharapkan dapat mengembangkan jaringan dengan seluas mungkin, dan dapat terus mengelola grupnya dengan baik, khususnya untuk member di daerah � daerah yang jauh dari kantor cabang.�Kata kunci : Perekrutan, Pengelolaan, Bisnis, MLM, E-Commerce, Oriflame

Institutions, the social capital structure, and multilevel marketing companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-70
Author(s):  
Jordan K. Lofthouse ◽  
Virgil Henry Storr
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Homogeneous State ◽  
Multilevel Marketing ◽  
New Members ◽  
The Social ◽  
Trust And Reciprocity ◽  
Lds Church ◽  
Disproportionate Number ◽  
Almost All

AbstractIn multilevel marketing companies (MLMs), member-distributors earn income from selling products and recruiting new members. Successful MLMs require a social capital structure where members can access and mobilize both strong and weak social ties. Utah has a disproportionate share of MLM companies located in the state and a disproportionate number of MLM participants. We argue that Utah's dominant religious institutions have led to the emergence of a social capital structure, making MLMs particularly viable. Utah is the most religiously homogeneous state; roughly half its population identifies as members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). The LDS Church's institutions foster a social capital structure where (almost all) members have access to and can leverage social capital in all its forms. LDS institutions encourage members to make meaningful social connections characterized by trust and reciprocity with other church members in local neighborhoods and across the world.

Earning potential in multilevel marketing enterprises

2008 ◽  
Vol 387 (19-20) ◽  
pp. 4889-4895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Fille Legara ◽  
Christopher Monterola ◽  
Dranreb Earl Juanico ◽  
Marisciel Litong-Palima ◽  
Caesar Saloma
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Marketing

Let’s get rich: Multilevel marketing and the moral economy in Siberia

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie Schiffauer
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Moral Economy ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Multilevel Marketing ◽  
Rural Part

Multinational multilevel marketing companies like Amway advertise the opportunity to get rich by selling their products and by recruiting further salespeople into their schemes. Multilevel marketing is a highly contested industry worldwide because of its predatory marketing strategies, exaggerated promises and the fact that only few participants are successful in their attempt to make money. This paper examines the moral logics of multilevel marketing in a rural part of Southeast Siberia, exploring how Amway manages to thrive on the basis of intimate social relationships. I argue that it is not only individual aspirations and the dream of great wealth which makes people join multilevel marketing schemes, but that feelings of obligation, expectations of support and intimate pressure are crucial for pushing people towards such economic activity.

Multilevel marketing and pyramid schemes in the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Keep ◽  
Peter J. Vander Nat
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Direct Selling ◽  
Multilevel Marketing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Legal Decisions ◽  
Customer Base ◽  
Pyramid Scheme ◽  
The Usa ◽  
External Customer ◽  
Pyramid Schemes

Purpose – This paper aims to analyze the evolution of direct selling – a retail channel that successfully sold products ranging from cosmetics to radios to automobiles – to multilevel marketing (MLM), an industry now apparently heavily reliant on selling to itself. As the courts have found some MLM companies to be pyramid schemes, the analysis includes the overlap between the legal MLM model and an illegal pyramid scheme. Design/methodology/approach – The development of direct selling in the USA was examined, followed by the factors contributing to the design and growth of the MLM model and its non-commission-based compensation structure. Then, the key legal decisions regarding illegal pyramid schemes operating under the guise of MLM, the relative stagnation of direct selling and the state of the MLM industry were examined. Findings – As the MLM model operates on the dual premise of retailing through a network of distributors and recruiting new distributors to do the same, it was found that federal regulators and the courts consistently focus on the “retail question” – the existence and extent of sales to consumers external to the distributor network. The authors argue that without a significant external customer base, internal consumption by an ever-churning base of participants resembles neither employee purchases nor a buying club. Social implications – As the MLM model facilitated the growth of pyramid scheme fraud, creating victims rather than customers, this research highlights successful efforts to regulate this type of consumer fraud. Originality/value – Few papers have been written on MLM and pyramids schemes, and none thus far has taken an historical perspective.

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