scholarly journals Improvement Methods for Supply Performance in Emergency Interconnection Plans

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
ARin Gim ◽  
Suri Kim ◽  
Seajoong Choi ◽  
Hwandon Jun
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Supply Rate ◽  
Hydraulic Simulation ◽  
Water Service ◽  
Service Interruption ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Pressure Relief Valves ◽  
Improvement Method ◽  
Elevation Difference ◽  
Emergency Supply

When operating a water supply network (WSN), pipe failures and water service interruptions are inevitable. A large-scale water service interruption decreases the reliability of a WSN; therefore, an emergency interconnection plan (EIP) is adopted to prevent it. To establish an EIP involving emergency interconnection pipes, in most cases, only the operation plan is considered. However, it is required to evaluate possible interconnected supply areas (PISAs) from the EIP to achieve the purpose of the EIP. It is obvious that PISA is dependent on the structure of the WSN, elevation difference between the adjacent interconnected blocks, size and location of the emergency interconnection pipes, and inline pumping station. In this study, we categorized the reasons resulting in insufficient PISA from the EIP and suggested improvement methods such as increasing the pipe diameter, new pumping stations, adding emergency interconnection pipes, and adding pressure relief valves. To quantify the effect of the improvement methods on the performance of the EIP, we applied them to a real WSN and estimated the emergency supply rate for each improvement method by using Pressure Driven Analysis (PDA) was used as the hydraulic simulation tool. Consequently, each improvement method increased the PISA and the emergency supply rate on the network. Thus, the suggested method will be used in the design and operation of EIPs to improve their performance.

scholarly journals Determination of Proper Water Supply Rate for Emergency Interconnection Plan

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Suri Kim ◽  
ARin Gim ◽  
Jeongtae Ha ◽  
Hwandon Jun
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Supply Rate ◽  
Water Service ◽  
Service Interruption ◽  
Emergency Water Supply ◽  
Supply Time ◽  
Supply Water

The deterioration of water supply networks leads to frequent accidents, such as pipe failure, which result in water service interruptions. Depending on the type of accident, a large-scale water service interruption can occur. Therefore, an emergency interconnection plan has been established to prevent interruptions in water service. However, most emergency interconnection plans only consider whether water can be supplied to the region of water service interruption. The area that can actually supply water, emergency water supply area (EWSA), and the possible time required to supply water, emergency water supply time (EWST) are not usually considered. Furthermore, in cases wherein the adjacent local governments or adjacent water supply blocks have insufficient water for the region of water service interruption, it is a good practice to increase the possible water supply time by the reducing the water supply rate (WSR) in order to minimize the damage from the water service interruption. In this study, a method is suggested to determine the proper WSR required to minimize the damage when the amount of emergency water is insufficient. Since it is a case where the amount of emergency water is not sufficient, A-PDA is used to simulate EWSA and EWSA for each WSR. The simulation results are subsequently converted into the customer satisfaction index for each WSR. Through this procedure, the proper WSR can be determined, thereby improving both customer satisfaction and water supply time. Finally, this method is applied to a real water supply network to verify its applicability.

scholarly journals Stability Improvement Method for Embankment Dam with Respect to Conduit Cracks

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 567
Author(s):  
Young-Hak Lee ◽  
Jung-Hyun Ryu ◽  
Joon Heo ◽  
Jae-Woong Shim ◽  
Dal-Won Lee
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Internal Erosion ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Seepage Analysis ◽  
Large Scale Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Improvement Method

In recent years, as the number of reservoir embankments constructed has increased, embankment failures due to cracks in aging conduits have also increased. In this study, a crack in a conduit was modeled based on the current conduit design model, and the risk of internal erosion was analyzed using a large-scale model test and three-dimensional deformation–seepage analysis. The results show that when cracks existed in the conduit, soil erosion and cavitation occurred near the crack area, which made the conduit extremely vulnerable to internal erosion. Herein, a model is proposed that can reduce internal erosion by applying a layer of sand and geotextiles on the upper part of the conduit located close to the downstream slope. In the proposed model, only partial erosion occurred inside the conduit, and no cavitation appeared near the crack in the conduit. The results suggest that internal erosion can be suppressed when the water pressure acting intensively on the crack in the conduit is dispersed by the drainage layer. To validate these results, the pore water pressure, seepage line, and hydraulic gradient were investigated to confirm the erosion phenomenon and reinforcement effect.

Large-Scale Impulsive Dynamical Systems

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wassim M. Haddad ◽  
Sergey G. Nersesov
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Lyapunov Functions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamical Systems ◽  
Supply Rate ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamical ◽  
Dissipation Inequality ◽  
Vector Lyapunov Functions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Stability Results

This chapter develops vector dissipativity notions for large-scale nonlinear impulsive dynamical systems. In particular, it introduces a generalized definition of dissipativity for large-scale nonlinear impulsive dynamical systems in terms of a hybrid vector dissipation inequality involving a vector hybrid supply rate, a vector storage function, and an essentially nonnegative, semistable dissipation matrix. The chapter also defines generalized notions of a vector available storage and a vector required supply and shows that they are element-by-element ordered, nonnegative, and finite. Extended Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov conditions, in terms of the local impulsive subsystem dynamics and the interconnection constraints, are developed for characterizing vector dissipativeness via vector storage functions for large-scale impulsive dynamical systems. Finally, using the concepts of vector dissipativity and vector storage functions as candidate vector Lyapunov functions, the chapter presents feedback interconnection stability results of large-scale impulsive nonlinear dynamical systems.

scholarly journals Reservoir Induced Deformation Analysis for Several Filling and Operational Scenarios at the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Impoundment

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1886
Author(s):  
Austin Madson ◽  
Yongwei Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Elastic Response ◽  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
Earth Model ◽  
Spherically Symmetric ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
Elevation Difference ◽  
Reservoir Inflow ◽  
Elastic Responses

Addressing seasonal water uncertainties and increased power generation demand has sparked a global rise in large-scale hydropower projects. To this end, the Blue Nile impoundment behind the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) will encompass an areal extent of ~1763.3 km2 and hold ~67.37 Gt (km3) of water with maximum seasonal load changes of ~27.93 (41% of total)—~36.46 Gt (54% of total) during projected operational scenarios. Five different digital surface models (DSMs) are compared to spatially overlapping spaceborne altimeter products and hydrologic loads for the GERD are derived from the DSM with the least absolute elevation difference. The elastic responses to several filling and operational strategies for the GERD are modeled using a spherically symmetric, non-rotating, elastic, and isotropic (SNREI) Earth model. The maximum vertical and horizontal flexural responses from the full GERD impoundment are estimated to be 11.99 and 1.99 cm, regardless of the full impoundment period length. The vertical and horizontal displacements from the highest amplitude seasonal reservoir operational scenarios are 38–55% and 34–48% of the full deformation, respectively. The timing and rate of reservoir inflow and outflow affects the hydrologic load density on the Earth’s surface, and, as such, affects not only the total elastic response but also the distance that the deformation extends from the reservoir’s body. The magnitudes of the hydrologic-induced deformation are directly related to the size and timing of reservoir fluxes, and an increased knowledge of the extent and magnitude of this deformation provides meaningful information to stakeholders to better understand the effects from many different impoundment and operational strategies.

Extended Contract Nets Application in Wood Drying Kiln

2012 ◽  
Vol 466-467 ◽  
pp. 449-453
Author(s):  
Xue Zhang ◽  
Ya Qiu Liu ◽  
Jun Peng Hua
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ant Colony Algorithm ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Experimental Simulation ◽  
Response Threshold ◽  
Wood Drying ◽  
Consultation Process ◽  
Response Threshold Model ◽  
Improvement Method ◽  
Communication Traffic

The article aims at the problems such as the traditional contract nets model’s communication traffic is too heavy in the consultation process; task’s partition is fixed; evaluation index is not comprehensive, proposes a contract nets improvement method based on the bidding threshold and evaluation function by combining the response threshold model of the ant colony algorithm. This method introduce fuzzy synthetic computation, finding the potential cooperation relations between node agents, bottom-up decomposing the complex task, effectively reduce the negotiation time and communication flows, improve the efficiency of the system. The thesis combines wood drying application feature, and puts forward the improved model’s experimental simulation in wood drying kiln. The result shows that the improved method can effectively improve the performance of the Contract Net Protocol in large-scale multi-agent system. It provides technical basis for the realization of wood drying cluster control.

scholarly journals Magnetic fields in Planetary Nebulae: paradigms and related MHD frontiers

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (S259) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric G. Blackman
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Planetary Nebula ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rotational Energy ◽  
Observational Evidence ◽  
Supply Rate ◽  
Evolved Stars ◽  
Research Opportunity ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Lower Luminosity

AbstractMany, if not all, post AGB stellar systems swiftly transition from a spherical to a powerful aspherical pre-planetary nebula (pPNE) outflow phase before waning into a PNe. The pPNe outflows require engine rotational energy and a mechanism to extract this energy into collimated outflows. Just radiation and rotation are insufficient but a symbiosis between rotation, differential rotation and large scale magnetic fields remains promising. Present observational evidence for magnetic fields in evolved stars is suggestive of dynamically important magnetic fields, but both theory and observation are rife with research opportunity. I discuss how magnetohydrodynamic outflows might arise in pPNe and PNe and distinguish different between approaches that address shaping vs. those that address both launch and shaping. Scenarios involving dynamos in single stars, binary driven dynamos, or accretion engines cannot be ruled out. One appealing paradigm involves accretion onto the primary post-AGB white dwarf core from a low mass companion whose decaying accretion supply rate owers first the pPNe and then the lower luminosity PNe. Determining observational signatures of different MHD engines is a work in progress. Accretion disk theory and large scale dynamos pose many of their own fundamental challenges, some of which I discuss in a broader context.

scholarly journals A lightweight and secure online/offline cross-domain authentication scheme for VANET systems in Industrial IoT

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e714
Author(s):  
Haqi Khalid ◽  
Shaiful Jahari Hashim ◽  
Sharifah Mumtazah Syed Ahmad ◽  
Fazirulhisyam Hashim ◽  
Muhammad Akmal Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Heterogeneous Wireless Networks ◽  
Communication Cost ◽  
Authentication Scheme ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
Service Interruption ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Industrial Iot ◽  
Lightweight Authentication

In heterogeneous wireless networks, the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is an essential contributor to increasing productivity and effectiveness. However, in various domains, such as industrial wireless scenarios, small cell domains, and vehicular ad hoc networks, an efficient and stable authentication algorithm is required (VANET). Specifically, IoT vehicles deal with vast amounts of data transmitted between VANET entities in different domains in such a large-scale environment. Also, crossing from one territory to another may have the connectivity services down for a while, leading to service interruption because it is pervasive in remote areas and places with multipath obstructions. Hence, it is vulnerable to specific attacks (e.g., replay attacks, modification attacks, man-in-the-middle attacks, and insider attacks), making the system inefficient. Also, high processing data increases the computation and communication cost, leading to an increased workload in the system. Thus, to solve the above issues, we propose an online/offline lightweight authentication scheme for the VANET cross-domain system in IIoT to improve the security and efficiency of the VANET. The proposed scheme utilizes an efficient AES-RSA algorithm to achieve integrity and confidentiality of the message. The offline joining is added to avoid remote network intrusions and the risk of network service interruptions. The proposed work includes two different significant goals to achieve first, then secure message on which the data is transmitted and efficiency in a cryptographic manner. The Burrows Abdi Needham (BAN logic) logic is used to prove that this scheme is mutually authenticated. The system’s security has been tested using the well-known AVISPA tool to evaluate and verify its security formally. The results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the ID-CPPA, AAAS, and HCDA schemes by 53%, 55%, and 47% respectively in terms of computation cost, and 65%, 83%, and 40% respectively in terms of communication cost.

scholarly journals Stochastic model and method of optimization of operating modes groups of artesian wells in water supply systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-110
Author(s):  
Andriy Tevyashev ◽  
Olga Matvienko ◽  
Gleb Nikitenko
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Artesian Wells

Water supply of large cities is carried out, as a rule, from open reservoirs - lakes, reservoirs, large rivers, ie from sources with significant water reserves. In this case, the water supply scheme includes: pumping stations of the first rise, which take water directly from the water; water treatment system (purification); pumping stations of the second and third rise, pumping clean water over long distances and supplying it to settlements [1]. If the settlement is located in an area where there are no large open water sources, or the geographical location of the settlement allows the use of groundwater, in which case artesian wells are used as a source of water supply. Usually small settlements are supplied with water from artesian wells. Artesian wells are widely used for water supply of villages, industrial water supply, for irrigation (irrigation systems), in the mining industry, to reduce the level of groundwater. The advantage of using artesian wells to supply the population with drinking water is that the water is extracted from great depths and purified using natural filters [2]. Thus, the cost of water treatment is significantly reduced. The disadvantage of using artesian wells is usually low productivity of the well, the strong dependence of water volumes in the well on climatic and weather conditions, depletion of the well as a result of large-scale construction or extraction of natural minerals such as shale gas [3].

Потенциальные возможности энергосбережения при эксплуатации системы водоотведения крупного города

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ermolin
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Large City ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Gravity Network

В статье, без математической формализации, опираясь только на физические представления о процессе водоотведения крупного города, вскрывается потенциал экономии электроэнергии при транспортировке сточных вод по разветвленной напорно-самотечной сети. Этот потенциал, заключенный в самой ее структуре, может быть реализован путем целенаправленного оперативного перераспределения потоков сточных вод по канализационным насосным станциям и транспортным магистралям сети, добиваясь минимума суммарных затрат электроэнергии всеми насосными станциями. Показано, что расчет такого перераспределения возможен только на базе математической модели объекта, формулируя и решая соответствующую оптимизационную задачу. Обсуждаются требования, которым должна удовлетворять математическая модель объекта, и показываются ее возможности при управлении сетью не только в нормальных эксплуатационных режимах, но и при аварийных ситуациях. Рассмотрение проблемы базируется на положительных результатах широкомасштабного производственного эксперимента, проведенного ранее, по оптимальному управлению участком системы водоотведения Москвы.The article, without mathematical formalization, with due consideration of physical interpretations of the process of wastewater disposal in a large city, reveals the potential for energy savings in the process of wastewater transportation in an extensive gravity network, enclosed in its very structure. This potential can be fulfilled through targeted operational redistribution of wastewater flows over sewage pumping stations and transportation mains of the network, achieving the minimum of total energy consumption by all pumping stations. It is shown that the calculation of such a redistribution is possible only on the basis of a mathematical model of the project by formulating and solving the corresponding optimization problem. The requirements that the mathematical model of the project shall meet are discussed and its capabilities are shown while operating the network not only in normal operating conditions but also in emergency situations. The consideration of the problem is based on the positive results of a large-scale industrial experiment conducted earlier on the optimal management of a section of the Moscow sanitation system.

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