A Systematic Review of Young Sibling Visitation Policies in the NICU

The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit is a very busy and delicate setting. It is important to delineate if the benefits of sibling bonding outweigh the risk infecting these fragile infants as many NICUs have different policies regarding sibling visitation. In this systematic review of the literature, 9 studies were located using the included using the PRISMA model. Of those, only one determined that sibling visitation increases infection rates, and most found that visitation is psychologically beneficial to the older sibling. Very little research on this topic has been conducted in the 21st century, so the strength of the evidence is questionable. Further research is needed to determine if certain screening protocols, informative posters, or other confounding variables may affect infection rates and skew the data. With this information, NICUs around the world could adopt the most evidence-based visitation policy that is beneficial to the family and the baby.

GAMBARAN POLA SIBLING RELATIONSHIP PADA ADIK USIA REMAJA DENGAN KAKAK USIA DEWASA AWAL

Sibling relationship is a relationship between siblings in one family. It is known that sibling relationship influence each sibling, especially younger sibling. Sibling with age gap can make sibling relationship less close because each sibling is at different stages of development. Furman and Buhrmester (1985) said that sibling relationship quality can be showed by four sibling relationship pattern, which are warmth, relative power, conflict, and sibling rivalry. This research aims to describe sibling relationship on adolescence who has young adult older sibling. This research is using qualitative method and purposive sampling to involve five adolescence who has young adult older sibling. The result shows that the five subjects have warmth sibling relationship pattern. Fours subjects have relative power sibling relationship pattern with some of their siblings. Two subjects have conflict sibling relationship pattern with some of their siblings. Moreover, there’s no subjects who shows sibling rivalry with their siblings.Keywords: Sibling Relationship, Age Gap, Adolescence Young Sibling

Vitamin D toxicity of dietary origin in cats fed a natural complementary kitten food

Case series summary This case series describes two young sibling cats and an additional unrelated cat, from two separate households, that developed hypercalcaemia associated with hypervitaminosis D. Excessive vitamin D concentrations were identified in a natural complementary tinned kitten food that was fed to all three cats as part of their diet. In one of the cases, there was clinical evidence of soft tissue mineralisation. The hypercalcaemia and soft tissue mineralisation resolved following withdrawal of the affected food and medical management of the hypercalcaemia. Relevance and novel information This case series demonstrates the importance of obtaining a thorough dietary history in patients presenting with hypercalcaemia and the measurement of vitamin D metabolites when investigating such cases. Complementary foods may have the potential to induce nutritional toxicity even when fed with complete, nutritionally balanced diets.

Genetic differentiation and admixture between sibling allopolyploids in the Dactylorhiza majalis complex

Allopolyploidization often happens recurrently, but the evolutionary significance of its iterative nature is not yet fully understood. Of particular interest are the gene flow dynamics and the mechanisms that allow young sibling polyploids to remain distinct while sharing the same ploidy, heritage and overlapping distribution areas. By using eight highly variable nuclear microsatellites, newly reported here, we investigate the patterns of divergence and gene flow between 386 polyploid and 42 diploid individuals, representing the sibling allopolyploids Dactylorhiza majalis s.s. and D. traunsteineri s.l. and their parents at localities across Europe. We make use in our inference of the distinct distribution ranges of the polyploids, including areas in which they are sympatric (that is, the Alps) or allopatric (for example, Pyrenees with D. majalis only and Britain with D. traunsteineri only). Our results show a phylogeographic signal, but no clear genetic differentiation between the allopolyploids, despite the visible phenotypic divergence between them. The results indicate that gene flow between sibling Dactylorhiza allopolyploids is frequent in sympatry, with potential implications for the genetic patterns across their entire distribution range. Limited interploidal introgression is also evidenced, in particular between D. incarnata and D. traunsteineri. Altogether the allopolyploid genomes appear to be porous for introgression from related diploids and polyploids. We conclude that the observed phenotypic divergence between D. majalis and D. traunsteineri is maintained by strong divergent selection on specific genomic areas with strong penetrance, but which are short enough to remain undetected by genotyping dispersed neutral markers.