Professional moral courage and moral reasoning among nurses in clinical environments: a multivariate model

Improving ethical practice needs recognizing the relationship between moral reasoning and moral courage among nurses. We examined factors (moral reasoning, practical consideration, moral dilemmas familiarity, and demographic and work characteristics) associated with moral courage among nurses. A cross-sectional design was run at all five hospitals affiliated to Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in west of Iran. A proportionate random sampling due to the total size of the nurse population in each hospital, 224 eligible nurses were completed the study questionnaires: demographic-work characteristics, Professional Moral Courage (PMC), and Nursing Dilemma Test. The relationships were examined by multiple regression analysis. Participants reported a more than moderate level of moral reasoning and PMC (43.21±5.98 and 56.16±10.18 respectively). The multivariate model showed the nurses’ PMC is positively predisposed with moral reasoning (β=0.21, p<0.01), but negatively with practical consideration (β=-0.16, p<0.01). More moral courage was found in the nurses who were never married (p<0.001), graduated from a public university (p<0.01), working in the critical care and emergency environments, as well as night shifts (all p<0.001). Moral reasoning is a predictor of moral courage, and both should be considered in designing nursing education to improve ethical nursing practice.

Developing Criteria of an English Textbook Evaluation for Indonesian Senior High School

The use of criteria of an English textbook is crucial to improve the quality of teaching. However, choosing the criteria is a challenging task for teachers and material developers. This recent study aims at developing criteria of an English textbook evaluation for Indonesian Senior High School. This research used Research and Development. Three phases were employed: exploration stage, development stage, and validation stage. At the exploration stage, 17 respondents of English teachers were asked about the need of developing the criteria of the English textbook. All respondents agreed that the textbook evaluation criteria were needed since there is no particular standardized textbook evaluation available. Therefore, they need to use the criteria as the basis to determine the quality of a particular textbook. At the development stage, 10 criteria to evaluate textbooks were constructed. Those cover (1) aims and approaches; (2) design and organization; (3); content; (4) skills; (5) vocabulary; (6) exercises and activities; (7) methodology; (8) attractiveness of the textbook and physical make-up; (9) teacher’s manual; and (10) practical consideration. At the validation stage, the textbook evaluation criteria were deemed valid by experts. Considering these facts, 10 designed criteria could be used as the principle to determine an evaluation of English textbooks, primarily in the teaching English at Indonesian Senior High school.

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE STATE’S FOREIGN TRADE POLICY

Background. The impact of digital transformations on financial, invest­ment and trade flows requires the introduction of appropriate incentives and the reduction of restrictive practices. The lack of coordination between national governments and international organizations in establishing mechanisms and instruments increases the risk of instability zones. Modern regulatory instruments applied by countries may be twofold, owing to the nature of digital technologies. In sum, the issue of improving foreign trade policy is actual and requires further research and practical consideration. The aim of the articleis to develop theoretical, methodological and practical approaches to the regulation of the foreign trade policy digital transformation process. Materials and methods. Database of statistical and analytical materials of international organizations (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, World Economic Forum), national statistical offices, centres of expertise and in-house research were used. The study used economic analysis, comparison, grouping and systematization methods. Results. The article examines the theoretical, methodological and practical approaches to regulating the process of digital transformation of foreign trade policy. It is determined that the main directions of regulatory practices are the rules for data transfer, consolidation and regulation of intellectual property rights, data protection of consumers of information services, ethics of digital products. The classification of tools of digital transformation of foreign trade policy is formed. Conclusion. The growing share of digital goods and services in inter­national trade has intensified the complex aspects of global cooperation among countries to develop the digital economy and to regulate joint activities in the creation of physical and virtual mobility rules. For Ukraine, it is important to accelerate the pace of implementation of planned measures and to strengthen the development and introduction of stimulating tools for the development of the destiny of the digital sector in the economy.

Media Framing of Women’s Football During the COVID-19 Pandemic

This article examines British media coverage of women’s association football during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, to identify how the media framed the women’s game and how these frames could shape the public perceptions of it. Through a database search of British-based news coverage of women’s football, 100 news articles were identified in the first 6 months after the start of the pandemic. A thematic analysis was conducted, and five dominant frames were detected in the context of COVID-19: 1) financial precariousness of women’s football; 2) the commercial prioritisation of men’s football; 3) practical consideration of the sport (e.g., alterations to national and international competitions); 4) debating the future of women’s football and 5) concern for players (e.g., welfare, uncertain working conditions). These frames depart from the past trivialisation and sexualisation of women’s sport, demonstrate the increased visibility of women’s football, and shift the narrative towards the elite stratum of the game. Most of this reporting was by women journalists, while men were shown to write less than women about women’s football. This research advocates continued diversification of the sports journalism workforce to dissolve the hegemonic masculine culture that still largely dominates the industry.

Factors affecting teacher performance

<p><span>This study aimed to see whether there is an influence of school principal leadership, organizational culture, and teacher competence on teacher performance. Another aim was to see how much influence these factors have on teacher performance either partially or simultaneously. The research used a quantitative approach with survey methods. Analysis of the data used was multiple regression. Participants involved in the study were 385 teachers in Bandung high school by using proportional stratified random sampling. The results of the study showed that there was a significant influence on the school principal leadership variables, organizational culture, and teacher competence on teacher performance. Statistically the amount of contribution from all independent variables was 68.12%, so the remaining 32.88% was determined by other variables not measured in the study. This research was also useful to find out the factors that can improve teacher performance, so that it is expected to be a theoretical or practical consideration in schools in order to improve the quality of teachers and schools.</span></p>

Evaluation Model for Sustainable Development of Settlement System

Sustainability of settlement systems is of greatest relevance in political and socio-economic stability all over the world. The development effectiveness of a rural settlement system involves the solution of a number of matters in sustainable development, namely social welfare and environmental balance, economy and industry development, improving the pipeline and utility infrastructure, and improving the efficiency of the decision-making process. Currently, the sustainability of a rural settlement system is one of the key objectives in regional planning in post-Soviet countries. The introduction of new tools for assessing and managing the settlement system development is particularly true for Belarus, as a country with a strong focus on agricultural industry. The research aim was to develop and approve a model for evaluating the settlement system development. The research methods were based on the complex and interdisciplinary approaches, namely the system-element approach, the comparative analysis, spatial and mathematical modelling, factor analysis, and the cartographic analysis. The model was approved by practical consideration for evaluating the development of the analogue object at the local planning level. The practical relevance of the research is associated with the potential for using the model as a significant tool in land use planning. The model employs both quantitative and qualitative evaluation to obtain alternative solutions towards sustainable development of rural areas. Another advantage of the model is its multifunctionality, which enables: (1) sustainability evaluation of a settlement system, (2) establishment of regional planning priority areas, and (3) development of specific measures for ensuring the sustainability of a regional settlement system and its elements.

Nonlinear differential game “pursuit-evasion”: information aspect.

The article deals with the information aspects of the nonlinear differential game “pursuit-evasion”. The mini- max quality criterion (the price of the game), mathematical models of the movement of the same type of players are set. The main problem that arises in the practical consideration of a nonlinear differential game is the solution of a boundary value problem. It is proved that: 1) a differential game can be represented as an envelope of a family of singular curves (“instantaneous solutions”) constructed from each of its points, 2) the control of the players can be found on this family. The method of constructing instant solutions is justified. The principle of information dualism in the differential game “pursuit-evasion” is proved. Its use facilitates the solution of information and computational problems that arise during the implementation of the game.