Risco de quedas em idosos: estratégia cuidativa-educacional para cuidadores para adoção de medidas preventivas

Objetivo: implementar atividade educativa junto a cuidadores de idosos para prevenir quedas. Método: pesquisa cuidado, realizada em uma Instituição de Longa Permanenciia para Idosos, de abril a julho de 2019. Participaram 23 cuidadores. Coleta de dados em cinco encontros com intervenções educativas e analisados fundamentados em autores estudiosos do assunto. Resultados: nos encontros eviderenciaram-se os temas: As quedas causam muitos prejuízos para os idosos; O ambiente pode ser causador de quedas em idosos. Conclusão: A pesquisa-cuidado permitiu uma favorável interação entre pesquisador-cuidador e pesquisados-cuidados, sensibilizando-os quanto a prevenção de quedas nos idosos residentes. Descritores: Cuidados de enfermagem; Educação em saúde; Saúde do idoso institucionalizado; Idoso; Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos; Cuidadores. Descriptors: Nursing Care; Health Education; Health of Institutionalized Elderly; Aged; Homes for the Aged; Caregivers. Descriptores: Atención de Enfermería; Educación en Salud; Salud del Anciano Institucionalizado; Anciano; Hogares para Ancianos; Cuidadores.

PREVALÊNCIA DE SARCOPENIA E FATORES ASSOCIADOS EM IDOSOS INSTITUCIONALIZADOS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÀTICA

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre a prevalência de sarcopenia e fatores associados em idosos institucionalizados. Estratégia de Pesquisa: Esta revisão foi delineada de acordo com as recomendações propostas pelo checklist MOOSE, após registro do protocolo com o PROSPERO (CRD42018109485). Consultaram-se as bases de dados Medline, SciELO, LILACS, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Oxford Journals e Directory of Open Access Journals, usando os descritores “Sarcopenia”, “Homes for the Aged” e “Aged” (MeSH), sem limitação de tempo, linguagem ou tipo de acesso. Critérios de Seleção: Obrigatoriamente, foram selecionados estudos transversais, realizados com idosos institucionalizados, que verificaram a prevalência de sarcopenia neste contexto (sarcopenia como variável dependente). Estudos fora destes critérios foram excluídos. Resultados: Foram encontrados 288 artigos, dos quais treze foram incluídos. A prevalência de sarcopenia foi de 46,15±18,5% (20,9-85,4%) e os principais fatores associados foram o baixo índice de massa corporal, a desnutrição, o aumento da idade e o sexo (masculino e feminino), respectivamente. A Escala Newcastle-Ottawa identificou nove estudos com alta qualidade equatro estudos com moderada qualidade metodológica. Conclusão: Esta revisão demonstra que a prevalência de sarcopenia em idosos nstitucionalizados é alta, com grande variabilidade e está associada, principalmente, ao déficit nutricional, ao aumento da idade e ao sexo. Ainda, há uma necessidade de padronizar consensos e avaliações para esta população, bem como instruir dirigentes, profissionais de saúde e familiares destes idosos sobre a sarcopenia e suas complicações.

PREVALÊNCIA E IMPACTO DA COVID-19 EM PESSOAS IDOSAS INSTITUCIONALIZADAS: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA

A taxa de letalidade, somada ao perfil exponencial de contágio e transmissão do vírus SARS-CoV2, causador da COVID-19, coloca o público idoso em evidência, sendo o maior público infectado, pois além das modificações fisiológicas do envelhecimento, as comorbidades e patologias associadas faz desse grupo o mais vulnerável. Com isso, uma realidade até então oculta vem sendo enfaticamente exposta: a fragilidade de idosos residentes em Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPI). Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a prevalência e os impactos na saúde física e mental de idosos institucionalizados. rata-se de uma revisão de literatura simples. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados Pubmed, Scielo, Lilacs e Google Acadêmico, utilizando a estratégia de busca: “Homes for the Aged” AND Coronavirus AND “Coronavirus Infections” AND Aged. Foram selecionados 94 artigos. Após análise, foram inclusos cinco artigos, e excluídos 89 por não serem relevantes para a temática. O levantamento bibliográfico referente a prevalência, gravidade e mortalidade por Covid-19 em idosos institucionalizados revelou um expressivo acometimento dessa população, bem como, um número significativo de casos graves e número de óbitos. Além de todas as complicações, foi notado um impacto relevante relacionado a aspectos físicos, mentais e comportamentais desse público. Contudo, ainda faz-se necessário estudos mais apronfudados de quais impactos cognitivos, musculoesqueleticos, cardiovasculares, estão sendo causados nesses idosos, visto que tal população necessita de cuidados específicos, com o intuito de diminuir os danos causados pelo vírus.

Attitudes Towards Home Care of Older Persons With Disabilities: The Case of Trinidad

Caring for persons with disabilities is challenging, yet it is assumed that people would care for their relatives with disabilities because of a feeling of closeness. Using a convergent mixed methods design, this article examines attitudes towards older persons with disabilities in the context of home care using Trinidad as a case study. The analytical framework involves (a) measuring attitudes towards the inclusion of older persons with disabilities in the home and (b) identifying the reasons for these attitudes. This framework is applied to a representative sample of 868 adult Trinidadians as well as the subsamples of adult Trinidadians dwelling and not dwelling with older persons with disabilities. Not all adult Trinidadians agreed that older persons with disabilities should be included in the home, and integrated findings indicate the need for monitoring systems for both home care and at homes for the aged.

Pensjonariusze żydowskich domów dla osób starszych na ziemiach polskich (do 1939 r.)

Residents of Jewish Homes for the Aged in the Polish Lands (until 1939) Jewish homes for the aged (moshav zkenim) began to be established in Eastern Europe in the 1840s. In the interwar period, probably over sixty Jewish institutions of this kind operated in Poland, providing care for several thousand people. We know relatively much about the figures of their founders, benefactors, social activists, and senior employees. However, gaining information about residents themselves requires much more intensive queries. The article is based primarily on articles, reports, and announcements appearing in Jewish press, supplemented by accounts published in memorial books and other sources, to recreate a general portrait of people who lived under the care of such institutions in Warsaw, Lemberg (Lviv), Vilnius, and other places.

Homes for the Aged: a study of a Health Region in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Introduction: With the aging of the population, the demand for Homes for the Aged (HFAs) grows. Objective: To analyze resources and population of HFAs and to check the fulfillment of the criteria from the national regulations. Methods: Descriptive quantitative study including 11 philanthropic HFAs in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Data was collected through a questionnaire applied to the responsible for the facility. Results: The study comprised 318 workers and 522 elders. HFAs presented: some accommodations without private bathrooms (100%); external area and administrative office (72.7%); cafeteria and support room (54.5%); ecumenical room (36.4%); rooms with more than four beds (45.5%). The prevailing reasons for admission were brought by family member (69.2%); social vulnerability (36.4%). Death was the main reason for leaving the facility. The average age of elders was 76.8 years, 58.4% were women. The dependence grade was I for 31.1%; II for 33.9%; and III for 35%. Leisure and cultural activities occurred in 72.7% of HFAs. In 27.3% there were records of visits. Only 9.1% had cooperation from families. Available human resources were nurses (72.7%); physicians and nursing assistants (63.3%); physical therapists (45.5%); psychologists (36.4%); caregivers (27.3%); occupational therapists (9.1%). In 63.3% of facilities, workers carried out mixed activities. The costs were covered by retirement pensions, partnerships, and donations. The main obstacles were financial resources or dependence on donations and rigorous health surveillance or compliance with standards. Conclusion: The HFAs partially fulfill the national criteria, impairing the quality of care provided to elders.

Quality of Life of Older People with Dementia in Thailand

The quality of life (QOL) of older people with dementia may depend on their care environment. This cross-sectional descriptive study aims to investigate the QOL of Thai older people with dementia in homes for the aged and those living in their own homes in the community, as well as the discrepancy between the QOL rated by the older people and by caregivers. The samples included 342 participants who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using the Quality of Life-Alzheimer’s Disease Scale (QOL-AD) and the EuroQol 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) Questionnaire Thai Version Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t test, and Pearson’s correlation. The findings revealed that the overall QOL scores of participants in both groups were at a moderate level. Compared with participants in homes for the aged, those living in the community showed higher scores in 7 aspects of QOL-AD, including physical health, energy, living situation, memory, self as a whole, ability to do chores, and ability to make life fun, but lower scores in the aspects of family/members and marriage/closed persons. Self-rated and caregiver-rated scores were significantly different in the aspects of living situation, memory, relationship with family, and marriage/closed persons. The findings imply that health care professionals can also assess the QOL of older people with dementia through self-rating. Further research to find the most effective method for enhancing older peoples’ QOL is needed.

Visual outcomes after cataract surgery among the elderly residents in the ‘homes for the aged’ in South India: the Hyderabad Ocular Morbidity in Elderly Study

Background/AimTo report visual outcomes and factors associated with good visual outcomes after cataract surgery among the elderly residents in ‘homes for the aged’ in Hyderabad, India.MethodsIndividuals aged ≥60 years were recruited from 41 ‘homes for the aged’. All participants had a detailed eye examinations including visual acuity (VA) assessment , refraction, slit-lamp examination and fundus imaging by trained professionals. A detailed history of cataract surgery was recorded. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with good visual outcomes after cataract surgery which was defined as presenting VA of 6/18 or better in the operated eye. Visual impairment (VI) is defined as presenting VA worse than 6/18 in the operated eye.Results1215 eyes of 703 individuals had cataract surgery. The mean age of these participants was 77.5 years (SD: 8.2 years; range: 60–108 years), 66.8% were women, 29.9% reported diabetes and 61% reported hypertension. 406/1215 (33.4%; 95% CI 30.8 to 36.1) eyes had VI after cataract surgery. Posterior capsular opacification (31.8%; n=129) was the leading cause of VI followed by uncorrected refractive error (24.1%; n=98). The prevalence of good outcomes was 66.6% (95% CI 63.8 to 69.2). On applying multivariable analysis, younger age, self-reported hypertension, independent mobility, surgery in a non-government (as opposed to private) hospital and undergoing paid surgery were associated with good outcomes.ConclusionsOne-third of the eyes of elderly individuals living in homes for the aged that had previously undergone cataract surgery had VI. Regular eye examinations with the provision of laser capsulotomy and appropriate refractive correction can substantially improve their vision.