Residual functional SYNTAX score by quantitative flow ratio and improvement of exercise capacity after revascularization in patients with stable ischemic heart disease

Background In patients with stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD), the efficacy of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in improving exercise capacity has been under debate and the differential effect of PCI for exercise capacity, according to functional completeness of revascularization, has not been evaluated. Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the association between improvement in exercise capacity and functional completeness of revascularization, determined by residual functional SYNTAX score (rFSS), which is the sum of residual SYNTAX score of the vessels with post-PCI quantitative flow ratio (QFR)≤0.80. Methods Among patients enrolled in the QFR multicenter registry, 110 patients who underwent prespecified routine exercise treadmill tests before and after PCI were analyzed. Patients were classified into functional complete revascularization (CR) group (rFSS=0) and functional incomplete revascularization (IR) group (rFSS≥1). Increase of exercise time after PCI was compared between the 2 groups. Improvement of exercise capacity was defined as ≥10% increase of exercise time after PCI. Results Functional CR was achieved in 79 patients (71.8%), otherwise classified as functional IR in 31 patients (18.2%). There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics including medication profiles. Increase of exercise time was significantly associated with increase of 3-vessel QFR (r=0.198, P=0.038) and rFSS (r=−0.312, P<0.001), but not with decrease of SYNTAX score (r=0.097, P=0.313). The rFSS showed significantly higher c-index to predict the improvement of exercise capacity after PCI than increase of 3-vessel QFR or decrease of SYNTAX score (0.722 vs. 0.627 vs. 0.492, respectively, P<0.001). Patients with functional CR, defined by rFSS, showed significantly higher increase of exercise time than those with functional IR (97.7 sec vs. 12.5 sec, P<0.001). Functional CR was an independent predictor of the improvement of exercise capacity after PCI (adjusted odds ratio 4.656, 95% CI 1.678–12.920, P=0.002). Conclusions Integrated anatomic and functional scoring system (rFSS) was significantly associated with improvement of exercise capacity after PCI. SIHD patients with functional CR, defined by rFSS, showed significantly higher exercise capacity after PCI than those with functional IR. Summarizing Figure Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): SaeHan NK & D and Medis Corporation

IMPLEMENTATION OF FUNCTIONAL COMPLETENESS SET OF LOGIC GATE BASED ON MEMS

The variants of execution of logic gates of a functionally complete set based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are presented.

A remark on functional completeness of binary expansions of Kleene’s strong 3-valued logic

A classical result by Słupecki states that a logic L is functionally complete for the 3-element set of truth-values THREE if, in addition to functionally including Łukasiewicz’s 3-valued logic Ł3, what he names the ‘$T$-function’ is definable in L. By leaning upon this classical result, we prove a general theorem for defining binary expansions (i.e. expansions with a binary connective) of Kleene’s strong logic that are functionally complete for THREE.

The complexity of checking the polynomial completeness of finite quasigroups

The complexity of the decision of polynomial (functional) completeness of a finite quasigroup is investigated. It is shown that the polynomial completeness of a finite quasigroup may be checked in time polynomially dependent on the order of the quasigroup.

Structural and functional analysis of the network of protected areas of the Vinnytsia region as the basis of a regional ecological network

Planning an ecological network requires special attention to the functionality of the created elements. Thus, in the case of the Vinnytsia Regional Ecological Network (REN), protection and restoration of typical landscape complexes are needed. The structure of the ecological network is branched, but heterogeneous; it is potentially capable of expansion and optimization. As the development of the REN of the Vinnytsia region is based on objects and territories of the Nature Reserve Fund (NRF), the structural and functional optimization of the eco-network requires optimization of the structure of the NRF. The purpose of the research is to study the spatial structure of the ecological network for the functional completeness and the effectiveness of ensuring the conservation of biodiversity. This paper analyses the structure and functions of the Vinnytsia REN, demonstrates dynamics of the formation of the NRF network and the distribution of protected objects among administrative regions, and proposes ways for its optimization. The results showed the necessity of a revision of the current structure and creation of new zoological and landscape reserves in order to improve the functional efficiency of the network. The results suggest paying more attention to providing multifunctionality to eco-network elements, as well as avoiding the creation of island objects.

THE ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONAL COMPLETENESS OF THE ONLINE LEARNING SYSTEMS

Currently, there are many online learning systems, which support online learning management processes. However, it is rather hard to choose an e-learning management system on your own. The paper considers a comprehensive assessment method based on the use of the developed comparison algorithm and the algorithm for the optimal choice of complex e-learning management systems according to the functional completeness criterion. The study shows to what extent the e-learning management systems selected for comparison have similarities or differences in terms of functional completeness. The author analyzed whether they contain the most typical e-learning systems and what additional functions each of the compared systems has. The paper shows how it is possible to assess how the functional completeness of a particular system meets the user’s requirements. The developed comparison algorithm allows grouping the features of the considered complex e-learning management systems and highlighting the most significant functions or groups of functions. The study determined the degree of absorption of one complex system over another. The author carried out the ranking of the considered e-learning management systems according to the functional completeness criterion. To identify the system that is superior to the others and to determine the presence of the unique functions, the author constructed the graphs of similarity, absorption, and superiority of the considered systems with varying threshold values. This method allows evaluating and selecting such e-learning management systems that best meet the software requirements and, based on the recommendations received, choosing the most appropriate version of the online-learning management system, taking into account the user’s preferences.

Functional Completeness in CPL via Correspondence Analysis

Kooi and Tamminga's correspondence analysis is a technique for designing proof systems, mostly, natural deduction and sequent systems. In this paper it is used to generate sequent calculi with invertible rules, whose only branching rule is the rule of cut. The calculi pertain to classical propositional logic and any of its fragments that may be obtained from adding a set (sets) of rules characterizing a two-argument Boolean function(s) to the negation fragment of classical propositional logic. The properties of soundness and completeness of the calculi are demonstrated. The proof of completeness is conducted by Kalmár's method. Most of the presented sequent-calculus rules have been obtained automatically, by a rule-generating algorithm implemented in Python. Correctness of the algorithm is demonstrated. This automated approach allowed us to analyse thousands of possible rules' schemes, hundreds of rules corresponding to Boolean functions, and to nd dozens of those invertible. Interestingly, the analysis revealed that the presented proof-theoretic framework provides a syntactic characteristics of such an important semantic property as functional completeness.

The Core of Logics

Like mathematics so often logic is taught to introductory students in a very mechanical way, the emphasis being on memorization and working problems. Particularly egregious is that the logic taught in philosophy departments is devoid of philosophy. Students rarely encounter the deep philosophy underpinning the structures. Logic is the theory of innate order in the universe and is the language of that order. More explicitly the foundation of that order is binary, based on the most fundamental law of all: dialectics. Something is apprehended because of what it is not. This chapter summarizes the development of thinking underpinning this idea of the innate binary structure. It is an ordered binary space starting in one dimension and progressing through three, and beyond. The philosophical basis of single, two (Table of Functional Completeness), and three (three-dimensional hypercube) dimension space provides coherency to ideas like deduction, induction, and inference, in general. The ordering in these spaces is founded on the same thinking giving rise to numbers and arithmetic. An exposition of how binary logical space develops sets the stage for discussing foundational ideas like the relationship between arithmetic (and its follow-on, mathematics) and logic, pattern recognition, and even whether we may be a simulation, a conjector made by Nick Bostrom. Research directions are proposed such as questioning the nature of axioms, exploring the insufficiency of Peano's postulates, proof theory, and ordering of operators based on intellectual complexity.