Route measurements of natural surface radiation background in the Almaty region

Measurements of the spatial distribution of radon isotopes were carried out from April 2021 to August 2021 in the foothills of the Trans-Ili Alatau of the Tien Shan in the Almaty region at various heights above sea level: from 500 to 2500 meters. They were carried out using electronic radiometric equipment: beta-dosimeter “RKS-01B-SOLO”; gamma dosimeter “RKS-01G-SOLO”; radiometer of radon and its daughter decay products “RAMON- 02” in the field. As a result, preliminary assessment schemes were built for route measurements of the 222Rn radon isotope, beta and gamma radiation fields from natural daughter products of decay of radon isotopes and radionuclides located in the surface atmospheric layer.

Entangled impacts of large-scale monsoon flows and terrain circulations on the diurnal cycle of rainfall over the Himalayas

The diurnal features of rainfall over the Himalayas have been widely investigated, but their triggers remain unclear. In this work, we divided the Himalayas and surroundings into four regions, including the plains, foothills, slopes, and plateau, and investigated the above issues. The results show that the rainfall total is controlled by large-scale monsoon flows while its meridional distribution is regulated by terrain circulations. The afternoon rainfall peak in the plains and foothills is linked with the intersection of two monsoon flows. The southward-shifting rainfall peak, which occurs from midnight to early morning in the slopes and foothills, is affected by the nighttime downslope flow and the strong Bay of Bengal monsoon flow in the morning. The evening rainfall peak in the plateau and high-altitude slopes is thought to be a result of the atmospheric layer being at its moistest at that time.

PARAMETRIZATION OF THE HEAT AND MASS EXCHANGE PROCESS IN THE SURFACE ATMOSPHERIC LAYER

When constructing numerical models of the atmosphere and the surface atmospheric layer (PAS) interacting with it, the “parametrization” approach is used, that is, the representation of processes with scales smaller than the scale of the cells of the computational grid intended for modeling processes of larger scales.

In-situ observation of warm atmospheric layer and the contribution of suspended dusts over the Tarim Basin

Basing on the radiosonde observations in the spring and summer during 2016–2017, an anomalous warm atmospheric layer is verified and the contribution of suspended dusts over the Tarim Basin (TB) is quantified. The result indicates a warm atmospheric layer between 300 hPa and 500 hPa with an average intensity of 2.53 K and 1.39 K in the spring and summer, respectively. Over the TB, where the world’s second largest moving desert, the Taklimakan Desert (TD) is distributed, large amounts of dust particles are emitted from the TD and suspended over the TB. Using the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) data, we found the dusts can be lifted to the upper atmospheric layer between 2.5 and 5.5 km above mean sea level over the TB. Consequently, the suspended dusts can exert a maximum heating effect of approximately +0.45 K and +0.25 K in spring and summer, respectively. The contribution of dust heating to the anomalous warm atmospheric layer over the TB is 13.77 % and 10.25 % in spring and summer, respectively. In view of the topographical feature, the TB is adjacent to the Tibetan Plateau (TP) which acts as an elevated heat source in spring and summer. The warm atmospheric layer over the TB seems a northward extension of Tibet heat source, the concept of which is proposed in this study. Such a northward extension of the elevated heating by the Tibetan Plateau could induce some profound impacts on the regional climate, especially on the western section of the “Silk Road Economic Belt”, and therefore demands more attention.

Symbiotic Relationship between Meiyu Rainfall and the Morphology of Meiyu Front

Observational evidences from a heavy precipitation event of the 2020 extreme Meiyu season are presented here to reveal a symbiotic relationship between Meiyu rainfall and the morphology of Meiyu front. The two influence each other through dynamical and thermodynamic feedbacks and evolve in a coherent way to generate cyclic behaviors. Specifically, an intense and band-shaped Meiyu front leads to symmetrical instability in the lower atmospheric layer and convective instability in the middle atmospheric layer, forming a rain band along the front. The Meiyu front and its associated instability subsequently weakens as a result of rainfall and the front is bent by the process of tilting frontolysis. Deep convective instability in the middle and lower layers develops in the warm-humid prefrontal area, and triggers isolated heavy rainfall replacing the original rain band south of the bent front. This warm sector precipitation then strengthens the front through tilting and diabatic heating frontogenesis. A stronger front recovers its initial band shape and the associated rainfall also resumes the form of rain band along the front. Analyses of potential energy associated with instability, water vapor convergence, and cross-frontal circulation are carried out to illustrate key processes of this Meiyu front-rainfall cycle. The implications of this symbiotic relationship for simulating and predicting extreme rainfall associated with Meiyu fronts are presented.

TEKANAN UDARA DALAM PERSPEKTIF SAINS DAN AL-QUR’AN

The objectives of this study are: 1. To see the function of air pressure from a scientific perspective. 2. To see the function of air pressure in the perspective of the Qur'an. 3. To see the relationship between the study of the function of air pressure from a scientific perspective and the Koran. This study used qualitative research methods. The type of research used in this research is library research. The instrument in qualitative research is a person or human instrument, namely the researcher himself. As a human instrument in this study, researchers must have broad insight and theory in order to be able to ask, analyze, take pictures and construct the social conditions under study to be clearer and show. The technique of reading data that researchers use in library research is by reading, interviewing and triangulation. Research results: 1. Study of Air Pressure Function in Science Perspective is according to science air pressure is a force that moves air particles carrying air particles in the direction of the earth's force. 2. The study of the function of air pressure in the perspective of the Koran is based on the perspective of the Koran, the air pressure is described into the atmospheric layer which is described in QS: Al-An'am (6) verse 125. 3. The relationship between the study of the pressure function The air in the perspective of science and the Koran is the relationship between science and the Qur'an expressed as an integrated relationship. This integration can be described in two forms, namely natural theology (natural theology) which views scientific findings as a means of reaching God, and natural theology (theology of nature).

INFLUENCE OF THE SURFACE ATMOSPHERIC LAYER POLLUTION ON THE CADASTRAL COST OF LAND PLOTS FOR PRIVATE HOUSING CONSTRUCTION WITHIN THE BOUNDARIES OF THE FEDERAL ROAD "TAVRIDA" TERRITORIES

Environmental problems of transport impact on the natural environment in Russia do not lose their relevance. Automobile transport is the leading source of environmental pollution, and the amount of emissions can reach 90 %. These processes are actively manifested within the boundaries of the influence of high-traffic roads. Thus, the tasks of taking into account the pollution level of the surface atmospheric layer in order to clarify the cadastral value of lands located within the boundaries of road-side territories acquire particular relevance. The work used mathematical models to calculate the emission power and surface concentrations of the pollutant (Gaussian atmospheric diffusion model). The interpolation method was used to determine the correction factors for different zones of pollution with carbon monoxide. The authors considered the carbon monoxide pollution density of the roadside territories and stated that the part of federal road "Tavrida" (settlement Zuia) has 121 land plots on the higher-polluted territory, which have the permitted use of "private housing construction" (PHC), there-fore it is considered necessary to correct their cadastral cost taking into account air pollution. The obtained results allows to clarify the local correction coefficients used in the cadastral assessment of roadside territories.