Route measurements of natural surface radiation background in the Almaty region

Measurements of the spatial distribution of radon isotopes were carried out from April 2021 to August 2021 in the foothills of the Trans-Ili Alatau of the Tien Shan in the Almaty region at various heights above sea level: from 500 to 2500 meters. They were carried out using electronic radiometric equipment: beta-dosimeter “RKS-01B-SOLO”; gamma dosimeter “RKS-01G-SOLO”; radiometer of radon and its daughter decay products “RAMON- 02” in the field. As a result, preliminary assessment schemes were built for route measurements of the 222Rn radon isotope, beta and gamma radiation fields from natural daughter products of decay of radon isotopes and radionuclides located in the surface atmospheric layer.

PARAMETRIZATION OF THE HEAT AND MASS EXCHANGE PROCESS IN THE SURFACE ATMOSPHERIC LAYER

When constructing numerical models of the atmosphere and the surface atmospheric layer (PAS) interacting with it, the “parametrization” approach is used, that is, the representation of processes with scales smaller than the scale of the cells of the computational grid intended for modeling processes of larger scales.

Monitoring and Mathematical Modeling of Soil and Groundwater Contamination by Harmful Emissions of Nitrogen Dioxide from Motor Vehicles

The article considers the task and a new approach to monitoring of soil and groundwater contamination by harmful emissions of nitrogen dioxide from motor vehicles. The approach is based on combination of measurement procedure of the harmful emissions concentrations in the surface atmospheric layer and mathematical modeling of the impact of these emissions on soil and groundwater contamination. The scheme of this harmful emission concentrations measurement using a mobile complex Sniffer4D Hyper-local Air Quality Analyzer is given. Based on these results, a mathematical model of diffusion of this harmful substance in the upper layers of soil and water resources is proposed. As a result of the computations, the distribution of concentrations of soil and water contamination in the neighborhood of separate observation points has been built. Also, the field of nitrogen dioxide concentrations at various depths for observation points has been modeled. For a waterbody, the concentration of nitric acid, which is formed due to the interaction of nitrogen dioxide with water, is higher in water than in the surface layer of the soil. This concentration can be significantly increased during prolonged downpours when acidic solutions drain from surrounding soil areas into the waterbodies. The obtained research results are fully consistent with the practical and theoretical results on the diffusion of gases into soils and water resources. It means that the proposed approach can be used instead of the existing very expensive approach to analysis of soil and groundwater contamination in the laboratory.

INFLUENCE OF THE SURFACE ATMOSPHERIC LAYER POLLUTION ON THE CADASTRAL COST OF LAND PLOTS FOR PRIVATE HOUSING CONSTRUCTION WITHIN THE BOUNDARIES OF THE FEDERAL ROAD "TAVRIDA" TERRITORIES

Environmental problems of transport impact on the natural environment in Russia do not lose their relevance. Automobile transport is the leading source of environmental pollution, and the amount of emissions can reach 90 %. These processes are actively manifested within the boundaries of the influence of high-traffic roads. Thus, the tasks of taking into account the pollution level of the surface atmospheric layer in order to clarify the cadastral value of lands located within the boundaries of road-side territories acquire particular relevance. The work used mathematical models to calculate the emission power and surface concentrations of the pollutant (Gaussian atmospheric diffusion model). The interpolation method was used to determine the correction factors for different zones of pollution with carbon monoxide. The authors considered the carbon monoxide pollution density of the roadside territories and stated that the part of federal road "Tavrida" (settlement Zuia) has 121 land plots on the higher-polluted territory, which have the permitted use of "private housing construction" (PHC), there-fore it is considered necessary to correct their cadastral cost taking into account air pollution. The obtained results allows to clarify the local correction coefficients used in the cadastral assessment of roadside territories.

Graz Lagrangian Model (GRAL) for Pollutants Tracking and Estimating Sources Partial Contributions to Atmospheric Pollution in Highly Urbanized Areas

Computational modeling allows studying the air quality problems in depth and provides the best solution reducing the population risks. This research demonstrates the Graz Lagrangian model effectiveness for assessing emission sources contributions to the air pollution: particles tracking and accumulation estimate. The article describes model setting up parameters and datasets preparation for the analysis. The experiment simulated the dispersion from the main groups of emission sources for real weather conditions during 96 h of December 2018, when significant excess of NO2, CO, SO2, PM10, and benzo(a)pyrene concentrations were observed in the Krasnoyarsk surface atmospheric layer. The computational domain was a parallelepiped of 40 × 30 × 2.5 km, which was located deep inside the Eurasian continent on a heterogeneous landscape exaggerated by high-rise buildings, with various pollutions sources and the ice-free Yenisei River. The results demonstrated an excellent applicability of the Lagrange model for hourly tracking of particle trajectories, taking into account the urban landscape. For values <1 MPC (maximum permissible concentration) of peak pollutants concentrations, the coincidences were 93 cases, and for values < 0.1 shares of MPC, there were 36 cases out of the total number of 97. The same was found for the average daily concentration for values <1 MPC—31, and for values <0.1 MPC—5 matches out of 44. Wind speeds COR—65.3%, wind directions COR—68.6%. The Graz Lagrangian model showed the ability to simulate air quality problems in the Krasnoyarsk greater area conditions.

Avaliação da previsão de estabilidade na camada atmosférica de superfície do modelo WRF e efeitos na previsão de geração eólica no Uruguai

This work evaluates forecasts of vertical stability of the surface atmospheric layer obtained with the WRF regional model in Uruguay, for different times of the day and seasons of the year. The temperature and humidity values obtained from the model outputs and from field measurements at different heights in an anemometric tower allow to calculate the vertical gradient of virtual static stability both for predictions and field measurements. With the results obtained, it was possible to know the behavior of the WRF model in relation to the stability of the surface layer, which is closely related to the wind potential that may exist at different times of the day. In this way, a possible relationship between the systematic errors of forecasts of wind power and surface layer stability in Uruguay can be proposed.

CHARACTERISTICS OF UHF WAVES DISTRIBUTION IN LAND AND WATER SURFACE TROPOSPHERIC WAVEGUIDE

The article considers examples of ultra-long propagation of UHF radio waves in mobile cellular communication systems. The phenomena are mainly observed in the Astrakhan region in the spring-summer period (May-June) and are presumably associated with sharp seasonal changes of air temperature followed by rains. The effect of temperature inversion results in changing the refraction index in the surface layer and, as a result, in changing the wave direction as the effect of superrefraction in the surface atmospheric layer. The properties of radio waves in their propagation in the land and sea-water surface waveguide are investigated. The values of the heights of land and sea-water surface tropospheric waveguides for cellular communication systems of different ranges are obtained. The features of existing of tropospheric land and sea-water surface tropospheric waveguides are described. The need to use their properties in the mobile communication systems design is stated.