Introduction to Part II

This chapter introduces the material to be studied in Part II; it outlines the types of evidence for functional domestic artefacts that reveal the experiences of daily life in Roman and late antique Egypt. It explains that an analysis of object function can reveal how objects were used for different activities on a day-to-day basis, and therefore demonstrate some of the experiences of people in the past. The section assesses a range of everyday artefacts in durable materials, like stone, glass, ceramic, metals, and bone and ivory. Artefacts associated with daily activities such as cooking and dining, lighting the home, leisure time, and textile production are discussed in relation to specific examples from the archaeological record and textual sources. The section also addresses the extraordinary organic artefacts surviving from Egypt, and the special value of functional artefacts made of wood, textiles, leather, and other perishable materials. Organic artefacts associated with home furnishings and other textiles, writing tools and materials, basketry, and cleaning equipment, are discussed in relation to the experiences they facilitated in Roman and late antique Egypt. The chapter also discusses how these artefacts reveal the temporal rhythms of the home and multifunctional nature of domestic space and objects.

A heritage park or treasury? Material culture of the inhabitants of Bydgoszcz preserved in their urban dialect: Etymological analysis

The study concerns the names of clothing, home furnishings, everyday objects, tools, and means of transport contained in the lexicon of the Bydgoszcz city dialect. This lexical stock includes the names of the outer garment (e.g. buks ‘trousers’), recreational clothes (badeje ‘swimming trunks’), headgear (e.g. lujmycka ‘hooligan’s cap’), footwear (e.g. kropusy ‘men’s shoes with high uppers’). Another area is the apartment; for example, the names of kitchen equipment have German origin (e.g. ausgust ‘kitchen sink’, kastrolka ‘saucepan’). This also concerns the names of three stools differing in height: the lowest one is called ryczka, a taller one is szemel, and the tallest is hoker. Texts in the Bydgoszcz city dialect also contain the names of artefacts necessary to perform everyday activities, such as cleaning (e.g. szruber ‘rice brush’) or laundry (e.g. balia ‘large wooden bath tub’). A separate place in the material culture of the inhabitants of Bydgoszcz is occupied by technological vocabulary, such as the names of tools (żaga ‘saw’) and transport (e.g. rolwaga ‘horse-drawn cart for transportation of goods’). Most of the names are Germanisms. A smaller number come from rural or folk dialects (e.g. modre ‘bleaching agent’, rydelek ‘visor of a cap’, szlory ‘old, trodden footwear’, trygiel ‘cast iron pot’). It is concluded that the city dialect is not only a museum or heritage park but also a treasury of old words.

A Case Study of the Factors that Affect Consumer Behavior in IKEA

Consumer behavior is the study of consumers and the processes they use to choose, apply and dispose of products and services, including consumers’ emotional and behavioral responses. IKEA is a multinational home furnishings company founded in 1943 in Sweden that has grown rapidly. They manage to produce their products and services more widespread not only based on price but create a unique shopping experience. This study aims to examine the factors that affect consumer behavior in IKEA. Various factors like social factors, wide products assortment, price and others are investigated to analyze consumer behavior of IKEA’s customers. Likert Scale was used to get the final results from the questionnaire filled out by the respondents. The questionnaires were distributed to 250 respondents who use IKEA products. The Likert scale will be used to measure a person's perception and attitude or opinion. The results showed that they chose IKEA due to the cost-advantages and wide products assortment as there has uniqueness over IKEA and cannot be compared with other retailers.

Berbelanja Melalui Jasa Titip Perabot di Masa Pandemi Covid-19: Studi Kasus @jastipbyarumi

In the digital era, deposit service (jastip) which were previously carried out offline, are now also developing and can be done by online and become a very promising business. In Indonesia, the term jastip by shopping online is starting to be widely known by the wider community, especially for those who use social media, such as Facebook. This business benefits from a predetermined additional fee for each consumer ordered goods, so those who order goods do not need to go to the store to buy goods or leave the house. Buying goods online through jastip has become increasingly popular during the Covid-19 pandemic, especially since the government launched large-scale social restrictions (PSBB) that limit people's mobility. This research was conducted on social media, namely Facebook on jastip providers and consumers based on observations on social media, such as Facebook, which showed the widespread purchase of goods through jastip among women in Bulukumba Regency. There are them women involved in this study. Thye are varied based on age (between 23 and 40 years), occupation (five housewives, four entrepreneurs, and jastip provider), and status (nine buyers and a jastip provider). The results of this study indicate that jastip of Informa products is the choice among mothers who are purchased online through a jastip service provider posted through social media Facebook. Among other jastip items on Facebook, home furnishings (sofa, dining table, patio chairs, etc.) are the most popular items. Model, status display, price, and quality are four main reasons why women choose Informa's jastip products, especially during this Covid-19 pandemic. The increase in the use of jastip during the Covid-19 pandemic is intertwined with an increase in jastip turnover (@jastipbyarumi 9). The reason for the jastip provider (@jastipbyarumi) presenting jastip product is because women in Bulukumba Regency love to shop online, and Informa is the most popular products among women. Thus, this is seen by jastip provider as a business opportunity, a way of satisfying hobbies, and as a source of income. In promoting jastip, the strategies used by jastip provider are promoting products along with its discounted price, uploading products in stories, and opening social gathering lots. In running such service business, the main capital is not money itself, but most importantly trust, perseverance, and business ethics.

The Material World of Early Modern Ottoman Women: Ornaments, Robes and Domestic Furnishings in Istanbul and Bursa

The present article investigates the jewelry and domestic furnishings owned by wealthy women who died in Bursa during the early 1730s, combining the data derived from the estate inventories of the decedents with imagery, both Ottoman and non-Ottoman, dating to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. This tentative linkage between the written and the visual has made it possible to ‘zoom in’ on the manner in which well-to-do females of eighteenth-century Bursa decorated their homes, and speculate about the considerations that induced them to use the most valuable textiles largely for home furnishings as opposed to garments.

House Dust Mites in One of Indonesian Detention Center in 2020

House dust mite was one of the most common allergens in homes around the world and associated with manifestations of allergies of skin and respiratory tract such as bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. This arthropod was commonly found on carpets, mattresses, children's toys, and other home furnishings. This study was aimed to identify and quantify the number of Dermatophagoides spp in Detention Center. This descriptive study was conducted using flotation method on 52 samples of mattress dust collected in February 2020. The results showed that 49 out of 52 mattress dust samples were positive of Dermatophagoidesspp..Of all Dermatophagoides spp, there were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (71.2%) and Dermatophagoides farinae (28.8%). In conclusion, this study found two species of Dermatophagoides spp. in Detention Center and suggested that the fascility maintain the cleanliness of the mattress by drying the mattress and changing the sheets at least once a week.

Eastern Murman: Social Aspects of Colonization in the Materials of Expeditions and Travel Notes of the 2nd Half of the 19th — Early 20th Centuries

The article discusses several social aspects of the colonization of Eastern Murman (everyday life, daily work, religious beliefs, schooling, leisure). The historiographic analysis made it possible to identify the specifics of the local (everyday) history of the Kola Peninsula colonization. In the works of A.P. Engelhardt, A.G. Slezskinsky, S.Yu. Witte, S.O. Makarov, V.I. Nemirovich-Danchenko, K.K. Sluchevsky, D.N. Ostrovsky, A.K. Engelmeyer, V.I. Manotskov, A.K. Sidensner, N.V. Romanov, “Materials on the statistical study of Murman” and other sources provide facts from personal and family biography, the circumstances of resettlement to the Murmansk coast, living conditions, home furnishings, especially the education and upbringing of children. The descriptions of the migrants’ lifestyle recorded in the materials of expeditions and travel notes allow us to conclude that the colonists’ socio-cultural adaptation in Eastern Murman, the creation of a human habitat, was primarily associated with the development of the institution of the family. In general, the history of colonization is a unique experience in the development of the Arctic — one of the most productive in world history, which is vital for understanding the Russian North’s geography.