SPECIFICITY OF TRANSLATION OF LINGUOSTYLISTIC MEANS OF CREATING NARRATIVE SUSPENSE IN ENGLISH HORROR LITERATURE

The scientific paper is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the specifics of the translation of linguo-stylistic features of creating narrative tension in the English-language horror literature. Features of creating narrative tension in the horror literature is one of the relevant topics for linguistic research, as horror literature is becoming increasingly popular. The aim of the article is to identify and analyze the specifics of the translation of linguo-stylistic features of creation of narrative tension in the English-language horror literature. Using the novel “It” by American writer of the genre “horror” Stephen King and its Ukrainian translation as the example, the specifics of translation of linguo-stylistic features of creating narrative tension at various levels of language in translating English horror literature into modern Ukrainian literary language were also analyzed and characterized. The study revealed a wide range of linguo-stylistic features at different language levels that help create narrative tension in the text of the horror genre, which contributes to the emergence of readers' interest in the narrative and the emergence of a range of emotions. The research considers examples of the use of linguo-stylistic features of creating narrative tension in the work of the horror genre and analyzes the specifics of their translation into Ukrainian. Keywords: narrative tension; specific of translation of the literature of horror; linguistic-stylistic features of creation of the tension; specificity of translation of linguistic-stylistic features; literature of horror; linguistic-stylistic features.

METAPHORICAL CONCEPTUALIZATION OF SUBJECTIVE TIME (ON «MY PRETTY PONY» BY S. KING)

Рассматриваются формы метафорического осмысления субъективного времени в рассказе современного американского писателя Стивена Кинга «Мой милый пони». Время сравнивается с маленьким своевольным животным, над которым человек должен держать контроль. В диалоге старика с внуком прослеживаются следующие характеристики субъективно переживаемого времени: текучесть, судьбоносность, необратимость, неподконтрольность и неумолимость. Дед формулирует смысложизненные ориентиры, которых должен придерживаться его маленький собеседник, в виде житейских метафорически выраженных инструкций. Общий вывод, вытекающий из повествования, сводится к призыву воспринимать отведенное нам время как подарок. The paper deals with conceptualization of subjective time in the story «My pretty pony» by a modern American writer Stephen King. Time is compared with a small self-willed animal to be controlled. In the dialogue of an old man and his grandson we can see the following features of subjective time: fluidity, fatefulness, inconvertibility, uncontrol-lability, implacability. The granddad formulates philosophical principles his grandson must follow in the form of earthbound metaphorical instructions. The idea of the narrative may be interpreted as the appeal to perceive time given to us as a gift.

A Testament to the Power of Resilience and Friendship Portrayed in Stephen King’s The Institute

We all face Hardships and difficult situations in our life. It’s all about the ups and downs in our day to day life. During these times we may be feeling exhausted and worried. But all that matters is that what we have learned from that tough situation. Resilience is defined as how we bounce back quickly from a difficult situation. The power of resilience arises when we face situational problems, major life problem and day to day problems. Friends are a major element in comforting us during our difficult times. Friends bring more happiness to our lives than virtually anything else. Friendships have a huge impact on our mental health and happiness. Good friends relieve stress, provide comfort and joy, and prevent loneliness and isolation. The Institute (2019) is a science fiction horror novel written by Stephen king. It is one of his terrifying novels yet. Many of his works are transformed into movies and television series. The main focus of this novel is on the power of resilience and friendship among the children who are being kidnapped from their homes and being held captive under a sinister establishment called The Institute. The story is written by taking the ideas of a fictitious child abusing institution where gifted children from all over the country are taken in and they are being forced to undergo atrocious medical experiments. Most of the children have super powers of Telepathy or Telekinesis. That’s the reason they are all here in the Institute. The authorities in the Institute want the children to master their powers so that they can be used in wars. There is no hope of escape for the children, yet they are all finally escaped by the power of resilience and friendship shown by Luke Ellis, the main character in the novel and his friends.

Duality in novels and films about pandemics

Both literature and films have been dealing with a disease outbreak for a long time. This paper will deal with the metaphorical aspect of viruses especially in the view of today’s pandemics. First, a brief overview of such novels and films will be given starting with Daniel Defoe and his A Journal of the Plague Year and films such as Twelve Monkeys, Contagion, Outbreak. The emphasis will not be on the virus itself but on its metaphorical meaning and the duality in novels and films – e.g. between good and evil, order and chaos. The paper will mostly focus on the novels The Stand by Stephen King, and the film Twelve Monkeys. The main idea which connects them all would be a virus as a metaphor, the end of humanity, and everlasting fight between good and evil.

Monstrous Interiors: Quasi-Domestic Space As the Ontological Terrorist of Toxic Masculinity

Resonating with these pandemic times, Catherine Spooner has described the Gothic as a ‘malevolent virus’. In my paper, I will propose that the haunted house narrative, so central to American Gothic, has itself mutated in response to a backdrop of post-millenial social, political and financial collapse in a manner quite different to developments in the rest of the Gothic literary world. The narrative strand which has emerged, presents the reader with a new form of the Gothic male protagonist, whom the British psychologist R.D Laing in The Divided Self (1960), would describe as a ‘schizoid’ subject. Fragile, failing and fragmenting, he escapes a failing career, marriage and parenthood by removing his family to a quasi-domestic space which promises repair. House or hotel, these ‘haunted houses’ are different from the earlier ‘hungry houses’ identified by Gothic writer Stephen Graham Jones in his introduction to Robert Marasco’s classic haunted house novel, Burnt Offerings. This new quasi-domestic space, often combining work and home, rises up to meet the male schizoid, not merely as the traditional Gothic setting, but as a sentient being; a monster in its own right. His entrapment in this new Gothic labyrinth that is constantly shifting, expanding and shrinking, provides a performative stage on which the schizoid male is forced into an existential crisis beyond that of the trauma of spousal and parental failure, ultimately forcing him to confront what it is to exist in space and time. A reaction to the rise of neo-liberalism and toxic masculinity, this important strand to American Gothic embraces the multiplicity of the Gothic’s new forms and is evident in texts such as Steve Rasnic Tem’s, Deadfall Hotel, Mark Z. Danielewski’s House of Leaves, Thomas Liggotti’s, The Town Manager, Jac Jemc’s, The Grip of It and Shaun Hamill’s A Cosmology of Monsters. Developing from their deeper roots in the Calvinist Gothic tradition of Hawthorne, Brockden Brown and Poe via the mid-century works of Stephen King and Robert Marasco, these new post- millennial narratives provide a space in which notions of masculine subjectivity are fundamentally challenged.

The Childhood Betrayal and Hope Regained in Stephen King’s The Institute

Childhood is a time worth remembering in everyone’s life. We all cherish the beautiful memories and fun we had in our childhood once we’re old. We never know the real value of a moment until it becomes a memory. Even now we are happy to go back to those places where we have spent our childhood. Thinking about it fills our heart with nostalgic feelings. But have you ever thought about children who never had such a beautiful childhood as yours? This novel takes us to those children who are being kidnapped from their parents and sent into a frightening government facility called ‘The Institute’ for gifted children! The Institute (2019) is a science fiction horror novel written by Stephen King. It is one of his terrifying novels yet. Many of his works are transformed into movies and television series. The main focus of this novel is on the childhood betrayal done by the authorities running the Institute, and the survival of the children. The story is written by taking the ideas of a fictional child abusing institution where gifted children from all over the country are taken in and they are being forced to undergo dreadful medical experiments. Most of the children have super powers of Telepathy or Telekinesis. The officials running the Institute want the children to get control over their powers and to master them, so that they can be used in wars. They can be used as weapons against terrorists, and as mind readers. The doctors don’t treat them like humans. To them they are merely test subjects. The government kills any test subjects it can’t control because only then it can keep the country safe. There is no hope of escape for the children, yet they are all finally escaped by the brave efforts of Luke Ellis, the main character in the novel and his friends.

‘It’ before It: Stephen King and the abhuman from Carrie to The Shining

Although Stephen King’s most famous use of the pronoun ‘It’ comes from his 1986 novel It, he nevertheless uses ‘It’ in highly distinctive ways well before then. These uses of ‘It’ before It need to be discussed because they signify a complex transformation of human characters into monstrous creatures. Focusing on texts ranging from Carrie to The Shining, this article explores how King developed these distinctive ‘Its’ from a somewhat vague sense of unease or twisted desires into complex signifiers of the ways human characteristics can transform into monstrous actions. But King’s focus is never solely on the spectacle or the general horror of this transformation from human to monster. Instead, he explores the unsettling problem of the ways even the most positive human desires and actions can turn characters into ‘It’ creatures. Thus, the real tragedy of becoming an ‘It’, this article argues, comes from recognizing that these ‘It’ creatures are never just simple variations on a monstrous theme; instead, they represent the ways ordinary people can become monstrous as they lose themselves to their own alluring, but ultimately empty, actions.

The (un)death of the author: Authorship as horror trope in Stephen King’s fiction

Both in his fiction and in his non-fiction, Stephen King has reflected in more depth on authorship than most of his peers. Critically negotiating Roland Barthes’s declaration of the death of the Author (1967), King ‘resurrects’ the author persona in his fiction and turns it into an ‘undead’ horror trope. This article explores how this narrative mechanism operates in four King novels: Misery, The Dark Half, Bag of Bones and Lisey’s Story. King’s development of authorship into a fictional horror trope, the analysis demonstrates, metaphorically negotiates King’s anxiety regarding his own authorship and its literary status.

‘Dear God, I am not a son of a bitch’: Justifications for patriarchal violence and the mischaracterization of Stephen King’s Jack Torrance

Stephen King has criticized Stanley Kubrick’s adaptation of The Shining for its characterization of Jack Torrance as an unsympathetic monster rather than a well-intentioned man tragically destroyed by his addiction and anger. However, a re-examination of the novel and its sequel shows that King’s Jack Torrance is, no matter what King says, a dangerous patriarchal figure long before he enters the Overlook. The Shining and Doctor Sleep detail Jack’s wife and son’s co-dependent attachment to him, their wariness and fear of him, his long history of toxic behaviour and his deep capacity for self-deception that all help to expose a justifying narrative for patriarchal violence. However, King’s extratextual defences of Jack and the critical narrative that reaffirms his assessment of Jack’s moral character must be part of our analysis of The Shining’s critique of patriarchal ideology, as the contrast between those statements and the textual evidence reveal a desire to see Jack as sympathetic that makes King and the audience complicit in the same narrative of justification that the novel exposes.

Labirintos autorais: a adaptação fílmica de In the tall grass, de Stephen King e Joe Hill

O presente artigo tem por objetivo realizar um estudo sobre as estratégias adaptativas empregadas no processo de remidiação do conto “In the tall grass” (2012), de Stephen King e Joe Hill, para a linguagem cinematográfica do streaming. Para tanto, nos propomos a realizar uma leitura imanente pautada nos aspectos formais e temáticos das duas obras: alterações e permanências de elementos narrativos, rupturas e continuidades formais e simbólicas, além das escolhas e recursos da linguagem cinematográfica empregados pelo adaptador Vincenzo Natali, bem como suas (possíveis) motivações. Para tanto, nos embasamos nas teorias acerca do processo de adaptação propostas por Stam (2000), Bolter e Grusin (2000), Ondaatje (2002) e Hutcheon (2013). A partir da análise, concluimos que, com a tarefa de não apenas reconfigurar uma obra literária para o modo de engajamento audiovisual mas, além disso, expandir uma narrativa curta para a duração de um filme longa-metragem, Natali lança mão de estratégias voltadas para a adaptabilidade do material-fonte e para a aceitabilidade mercadológica de seu filme, a saber: ampliação da participação dos personagens secundários e terciários; adição de um herói arquetípico como protagonista; ampliação dos cenários do conto, inserção de elementos sci-fi e do horror slasher. Ademais, muitos elementos da sintaxe cinematográfica são utilizados para transportar para a tela a tensão e a opressão do locus horribilis retratado no conto, tais como: tomadas aéreas do matagal; planos-detalhe em elementos da natureza; quadros abertos para estabelecer a localização dos personagens.