Novel Trends in Dental Color Match Using Different Shade Selection Methods: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Since color matching is considered a subjective procedure, accurate shade choice is often the most challenging stage of recreating the natural appearance of teeth. Furthermore, accurate determination of tooth color is imperative for the final outcome of dental restorations. The purpose of this research is to assess the accuracy of color match between diverse shade selection methods throughout a systematic review and meta-analysis. Two independent investigators (L.H. and R.B.) screened the literature in five electronic databases. Randomized controlled trials or in vitro papers studying the effect of using either digital shade selection or visual shade selection on the accuracy of color match were included. A total of 13 manuscripts comprised the meta-analysis. Color difference (ΔE) between restorations where the shade matching was performed by the conventional method was greater than those where the shade matching was performed by computerized methods (p = 0.007). According to the subgroup analysis, only the use of digital photographs for shade matching showed a reduction in the (ΔE) (p < 0.0001), while the use of a spectrophotometer has no advantages over the use of visual shade guide tabs (p = 0.57). On the other hand, global analysis showed that incorrect shade matching was higher when the conventional method using shade guide tabs was used (p < 0.001), irrespective of whether a spectrophotometer or a digital camera was used (p < 0.001). This study concluded that the use of digital photography and spectrophotometric measurements led to fewer color differences and less incorrect shade matching than conventional methods using color shade tabs.

Evaluation of patient satisfaction and the color difference between natural teeth and all-ceramic crowns fabricated from "Celtra press" treated with different surface finishing protocols. (Randomized controlled clinical trial): تقييم رضا المريض وفرق اللون بين الأسنان الطبيعية والتيجان الخزفية بالكامل المصنعة من "مطبعة سيلترا" المعالجة ببروتوكولات تشطيب الأسطح المختلفة: (تجربة سريرية معشاة ذات شواهد)

All studies agree that glazing can produce a smooth porcelain surface, but although the glaze is an important factor in esthetics, with respect to light reflection, it can frequently change the color value of the restorations, reflecting more light than the natural teeth, thus creating an artificial effect on these restorations. A number of more recent studies have suggested that a polished surface may be as acceptable as a glazed surface. Many ceramists prefer polishing instead of glazing to control the surface luster. Other studies have reported no significant differences between polished and glazed surfaces.Since studies addressing the effect of surface finishing protocols on the color of ZLS ceramics are rare, thus our study is important to investigate this issue. Methodology: 20 teeth esthetic zone requiring full - coverage crown -with their contralateral are sound and not severely discolored - were prepared to receive an all -ceramic crown. The crowns are divided into two groups: Group I: Teeth received crowns fabricated from glazed Celtra Press ceramic Group II: Teeth received crowns fabricated from polished Celtra Press. The color difference ΔE was measured using an intraoral spectrophotometer and evaluated for each group. Shade matching to the contralateral tooth was evaluated by 2 experienced prosthodontists according (USPHS) criteria. Patient satisfaction of the two groups assessed using the (VAS) scale which is Binary and documented in the chart. Results: Patient satisfaction was graded according to the (VAS) scale. There was no statistically significant difference between (Group I) and (Group II). The color change was recorded according to the (ΔE), the polished Celtra Press group recorded statistically non-significant higher color changes than the glazed Celtra Press group. shade matching was graded according to USPHS, where in Glazed Celtra Press group most of the patients stated Alpha score (80%) while minority showed Bravo score (20%). In the Polished Celtra Press group, all of the patients informed Bravo score100%. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this clinical study: Glazed and polished Celtra Press full coverage restorations revealed excellent patient satisfaction. Glazed celtra restorations have a clinically more acceptable shade matching.

Comparison of Tooth Shade Colour Recorded Using Digital Single Lens Reflex Camera and Mobile Cameras with Manually Adjusted Parameters

BACKGROUND Visual selection by using shade guides is the most common but also the most subjective technique, influenced by factors such as the age of the observer and eye fatigue. Digital imaging provides a practical and consistent method of determining tooth colour. A suitable alternative for DSLR cameras may be a mobile phone camera. Recent smart phones have manual control which helps to manually adjust parameters. Female patients usually use lipstick, which may alter the tooth colour perception, but there is no clinical evidence showing the effect of lipstick on tooth shade. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of using phone camera and the effect of lipstick on the shade of the tooth. METHODS This study was conducted on 11 female individuals within the age of 18 - 25 years. Eight photographs were made of all 11 participants, using 3 different smart phone cameras and Nikon D3400 DSLR camera with twin flash and cross-polaroid filter was used as the control group. The parameters of all the cameras were standardized for every image. All digital photographs were evaluated with a Digital Colour Meter software, which gave the parameters in the RGB colour codes and CIE L, a*b* colour space. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in the L* and R* values between the control and the smartphone camera groups. There was no statistically significant difference in L* and R* values before and after applying lipstick in all the groups. There was no significant difference in L* and R* values in all the groups before and after applying lipstick. CONCLUSIONS Recent smartphone cameras with manually adjusted parameters including unprocessed or RAW images can be used as a reliable tool for shade matching. Shade matching can be done even after applying lipstick, as there was no difference seen in this study. KEY WORDS Esthetics, Shade, Lipstick, Spectophotometer, Shade

In-vitro efficacy of two spectrophotometer-based shade matching systems for color matching of ceramics after artificial accelerated aging

Objective: The objective of the present invitro study was to verify the efficacy of two spectrophotometer-based shade matching systems for color matching of ceramics after artificial accelerated aging (AAA). Material and Methods: : The ceramics used were porcelain laminated veneers. Seventy standard-shaped discs (thickness x diameter: 0.5 mm x 10 mm) of B1 shades were used. Based upon the type of resin cement used, the specimens were divided into seven groups (10/group). The following light-cured cements were used: RelyX-Veneer (L-RV), Variolink-Veneer (L-VV), and VariolinkEsthetic (L-VE). The dual-cured cements were: RelyX Ultimate (D-RU), RelyX-Unicem (D-RC), and Variolink-Esthetics DC (D-VE). The control group consisted of ceramic only. All specimens were thermocycled in water for 3,500 cycles between 5 o C -55 o C, with dwell times of 30 s in each bath and a transfer time of 10 s between baths. All specimens were thermocycled in water for 3,500 cycles between 5 o C and 55 o C, and color measurement was done using the VITA Easyshade and ColorEye spectrophotometers. Baseline color reading was performed 24-hours after cementation. Differences in color (DE) of EasyShade and ColorEye before and after AAA were determined and compared statistically. Group comparisons were done using the paired t-tests. Level of significance was set at P< 0.05. Results: The mean differences in color (DE) values obtained from EasyShade spectrophotometer for light- and dual-cured cements, were 0.843±0.89 (Lc1), 4.11±0.69 (Lc2) and 0.833±0.47 (Lc3); and 2.22±0.64 (Dc1), 3.37±0.83 (Dc2) and 0.38±0.92 (Dc3), respectively. The mean differences in color (DE) values obtained from ColorEye spectrophotometer for light- and dual-cured cements, were 0.68±0.86 (Lc1), 4.55±0.83 (Lc2) and 2.68±0.26 (Lc3); and 2.06±0.84 (Dc1), 1.8±1.08 (Dc2) and 0.96±0.71 (Dc3), respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean DE values among the groups. Conclusion: The VITA Easyshade and ColorEye shade matching systems are comparable in terms of their efficacy for color matching of cerammics after AAA. Keywords Artificial accelerated aging; Color matching; In vitro; Porcelain veneer; Spectrophotometer.

Technical Accuracy of Dental Laboratories in the Quality and Shade Matching of Porcelain Fused to Metal Crowns: An In Vitro Study

Dental laboratories (LABs) are integral to the performance of a dentist in providing successful oral rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to compare the adaptation, contour, contacts, and shade matching of different government and commercial dental LABs in the fabrication of porcelain fused to metal (PFM) crowns. Thirty-two dental LABs were selected to fabricate PFM crowns (one PFM crown each). Marginal adaptation, contour, proximal contacts, and shade matching were evaluated. Evaluation of the crowns’ quality was performed following modified USPHS/FDI criteria. Visual and colorimeter assessments were employed to evaluate shade matching. Differences between groups were examined by Pearson’s Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. The quality of marginal adaptation of crowns was good in 81.25%, however the quality of contours, contacts, and shade matching was compromised in 43.75%, 59.38%, and 39% of all LABs, respectively. Visual and colorimeter shade matching was acceptable in 62.5% and 80% of LABs in the cervical third and middle third regions of crowns, respectively, however in the incisal third the shade matching was unacceptable in nearly 60% of LABs. Commercial laboratories showed significantly better contours and shade matching, but not marginal adaptation. However, no significant differences were found in comparison of proximal contacts between the groups.