PERAN INDUSTRI MINUMAN BERALKOHOL DALAM PEREKONOMIAN INDONESIA: ANALISIS INPUT-OUTPUT

ABSTRACT Policy to open investment in alcoholic beverage invite pros and cons in the public. The proponents of the policy argue the importance of alcoholic investment from economic point of views. This article aims at analyzing the role of alcoholic beverage industry in Indonesian economy. The data was Input-Output Table of 2016 which was aggregated into 18 industries. Analyzes carried out were output multiplier, employment multiplier, and income multiplier as well as forward and backward linkages. The results of analyzes show that output multiplier is low, employment multiplier is high, and income multiplier is high. In addition, forward and backward linkages are both below one. From these results, it can be concluded that alcoholic beverage industry is not a leading sector in Indonesia and its role is relatively limited. Government should be cautious in opening up investment for the industry for investment, taking into account that the industry’s pulling factor to input providing industries as well as pushing factor to output using industries are relatively low. In addition, while employment multiplier is high, at present employment in alcoholic beverage is relatively limited. Keywords: Alcoholic beverage, Input output table, Output multiplier, Employment multiplier, Industrial linkage ABSTRAK Kebijakan untuk membuka investasi minuman beralkohol mengundang pro dan kontra di masyarakat. Pendukung kebijakan tersebut menyampaikan pentingnya investasi di sektor tersebut dilihat dari kepentingan ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran industri minuman beralkohol dalam perekonomian Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah Tabel Input-Output tahun 2016 yang diagregasi menjadi 18 industri. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah efek pengganda output, tenaga kerja dan pendapatan serta keterkaitan ke depan dan ke belakang. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa angka pengganda output rendah, angka pengganda tenaga kerja tinggi dan angka pengganda pendapatan tinggi. Selain itu, efek keterkaitan ke depan dan keterkaitan ke belakang kurang dari satu. Dengan hasil-hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa industri minuman mengandung alkohol bukan merupakan sektor unggulan di Indonesia dan perannya relatif terbatas. Pemerintah perlu berhati-hati dalam membuka investasi atas industri tersebut, dengan pertimbangan bahwa daya tarik terhadap industri penyedia input dan daya dorong terhadap industri pengguna output relatif rendah. Selain itu, meskipun angka pengganda tenaga kerja tinggi, selama ini penyerapan tenaga kerja relatif rendah. Kata Kunci: Minuman beralkohol, Tabel input-output, Pengganda output, Pengganda tenaga kerja, Efek keterkaitan

GROSS INCOME MULTIPLIER AS A FAIRNESS INDICATOR OF TRANSACTION VALUE ON TRANSFER OF RIGHTS ON LAND AND BUILDING IN SOUTH TANGERANG

As the government of Indonesia targets income tax to contribute 50,1% of the overall tax revenue target in Indonesia, the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) is compelled to maximize the excavation of tax potential. Among others, excavation of income tax potential may apply for income tax upon the transfer of rights on land and/or building. For this final income tax, tax extraction is performed by evaluating the transfer transaction value stated in the Land Deed Officer Monthly Report which should be based on the value received or obtained by the seller based on market price. Unfortunately, there is no means to ensure that the value stated by taxpayer is the actual transaction value. Also, since data on property in Indonesia is not publicly available, the real value of the transfer remains elusive. Therefore, Tax Office requires a method or technique to determine whether the stated value is a reasonable and compliant one. This research aims to examine the feasibility of Gross Income Multiplier to determine the fairness indication of transaction value stated by the taxpayer in the transfer of rights on land and/or building. By understanding the fairness of the stated value as reported in the Land Deed Officer monthly report, DGT is expected to accurately determine the fair transaction value.

ANALISIS MULTIPLAYER EFFECT KEBERADAAN PELABUHAN PERIKANAN TERHADAP EKONOMI USAHA KULINER DI PANGKALAN PENDARATAN IKAN BEBA, KEC. GALESONG UTARA, KAB. TAKALAR

This study aims to identify the types of economic activity, characteristics and perceptions of visitors, business actors, labor towards culinary businesses and to determine the multiplier effect and sustainable development strategies for culinary businesses on the economic growth of local communities. This research was conducted from November 2020 to January 2021 at the Beba Fish Landing Base, Galesong Utara, Takalar Regency. This research uses simple random sapling technique. The data of this study consisted of primary data and secondary data. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires and field observations then analyzed descriptively and multiple impact analysis (Multiplier Effect) then analyzed using a SWOT analyst. Based on the research results, there are two types of economic activities in PPI Beba, namely, fishery activities and supporting activities (culinary business) of food made from fish as the main ingredient. In general, visitors who come to PPI Beba are aged between 45 years and over with the majority of jobs being civil servants with 51% of the total visitors as a whole the rest are entrepreneurs. While the majority of business actors are women in the age range of 40 - 50 years and over. Meanwhile, 81.8% of the culinary business workforce are women with the highest level of education in Elementary Schools. In general, the three recipes gave an assessment of the PPI Beba condition which was far from good. is the main business. The characteristics of the workforce are 74.3% female and 25.7% male, with the status of 65.7% being married and ages ranging from 28 - 45 years. And in general, visitors have a perception or give a moderate to good assessment of the accessibility to PPI Beba. Culinary efforts at PPI Beba have a real economic impact on the local community. The economic impacts arising from these activities are direct impacts, indirect impacts, and induce impacts as measured by the multiplier effect value, where the results of this study obtained a multiplier effect value of 2.15 for the Keynesian Income Multiplier; 1.10 for the income multiplier type I ratio, and 1.14 for the income multiplier type II ratio. This shows that the culinary business at PPI Beba can be developed into culinary tourism to see the opportunities that exist.

Economic Impact of Sugarcane in Inodonesia: An Input-Output Approach

Sugarcane revitalization is both a challenge and an opportunity in Indonesia. Demand for sugar tends to increase from year to year that fulfilled by domestic production and imports. Thus, it is necessary to increase domestic sugarcane competitiveness to balance national sugarcane production and consumption. This study’s objectives were (1) to determine the forward linkage and backward linkage of sugarcane in Indonesia, and (2) to know the output, income, and employment multiplier. The linkages and multipliers of sugarcane were calculated by the input-output analysis of 66 sectors from 1975 to 2005 by Statistics Indonesia (BPS). Estimation values for 2010, 2015, and 2020 are obtained from the linear forecasting method. T-test was used to compare linkages and multipliers between sugarcane and the average of all sectors in the economy. The results showed that the backward linkage, output, and employment multiplier of sugarcane were lower than the average of all sectors in the economy. Besides, the forward linkage of sugarcane was equal, and the income multiplier was higher than the average of all sectors in the economy.

The Roles of Japanese Industrial Sectors: The Perspective of Input-Output Analysis

The purpose of this study is to analyze the roles of industries in the national economy of Japan. The study employs Input-Output (IO) analysis as an analyis tool. More specifically, this study uses the parts of IO analysis, namely simple output multiplier, simple household income multiplier, index of the power of dispersion, and index of the sensitivity of dispersion as analysis devices. The analysis period of this study is 2011-2015. The results show that the consistency of several industries in influencing the Japanese national economy on the analysis period could be seen from both multipliers. Besides, the characteristics of almost all Japanese industrial sectors on the period of analysis did not change.

TOURIST VILLAGE MULTIPLIER EFFECT STUDIES: SMALL SCALE APPROACH

Purpose of the Study: Tourism stakeholders and academics have begun to question the benefits of developing tourism in rural areas. This study aims to identify tourists, tourism entrepreneurs, and employees' characteristics and measure the multiplier effect for local communities in Nglanggeran tourist village, Yogyakarta. Specifically, this study measures income generation (direct, indirect, and induced), employment generation, and the multiplier effect of both. Methodology: This research uses a descriptive quantitative approach. Primary data collection was carried out by the non-participant observation method (for four months). While the technique of determining the sample size (100 tourists, 51 entrepreneurs, and 62 employee respondents) used is non-probability sampling, referring to the Slovin formula with a margin of error of 10%. Main Findings: This study found that local entrepreneurs can be categorized as small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Data analysis results show that tourism village had an important economic impact for local communities with a Keynesian income multiplier effect value of 2.57, 1.74 for the Income multiplier type I ratio, and 2.23 for the type II. While the employment multiplier value is 0.0000041. Implication/Applications: This study's results can answer doubts about the economic benefits received by local communities from the development of the Tourism Village. The originality of the study: This study is the latest research, especially considering the implementation of the multiplier effect formula on a small scale. However, this study has some limitations, such as the sample area used (Desa Wisata Nglanggeran) and the context of the tourism impacts studied. Further research is expected to reach other tourist villages and expand its studies to environmental and socio-culture issues.

HOW DOES HALAL FOOD ON YOUR PLATE PUNCH INDONESIA’S ECONOMY?

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan menganalisa kontribusi sektor industri makanan halal terhadap perekonomian Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis Input-Output, dengan data sektor industri olahan makanan yang berasal dari tabel Input-Output Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) 2010. Sesuai dengan Standarisasi Fatwa Halal Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor 4 Tahun 2003, riset ini menggunakan variabel teknis berupa sektor industri makanan yang mengeluarkan sektor non-halal berupa minuman beralkohol. Berdasarkan analisis I-O diketahui bahwa sektor industri makanan halal berkontribusi kepada perekonomian Indonesia melalui multiplier. Sektor primer dari indutri makanan halal adalah sub sektor minyak hewani dan nabati yang akan meningkatkan output seluruh sektor perekonomian sebesar Rp 1,5 Triliun. Sedangkan dari sisi pendapatan masyarakat sub sektor unggulan industry makanan halal adalah minuman tidak beralkohol dengan tingkat income multiplier Rp 0,193. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa sektor industri makanan halal di Indonesia memiliki potensi yang lebih kuat dari sisi produksi dibandingkan dengan pendapatan masyarakat.Kata Kunci: Industri Halal, Makanan Halal, Input-Output, Analisis Multiplier, Indonesia. ABSTRACTThis research’s objective is to analyze the contribution of halal food industry sector towards the economy of Indonesia. This research uses Input-Output analysis approach, using the data of processed food industry sector originated from the Input-Output table released by The Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) in 2010. Corresponds with Fatwah of Indonesian Ulema Council on Halal Standardization number 4, year 2013, this research uses technical variable in the form of food industry sector which excludes the non-halal sector that is alcoholic beverages. Based on the I-O analysis, it is known that halal food industry sector is contributing to Indonesia’s economic growth through multiplier. Primary sector from halal food industry is subsector of animal and vegetable oil which will increase the whole output of economic sectors as much as 1,5 trillion Rupiah. Wherein from the perspective of national income, leading subsector of halal food industry is non-alcoholic beverages with the increase of income multiplier as much as 0,193 trillion Rupiah. From the findings, it can be concluded that halal food industry sector in Indonesia has a more significant potential, production-wise, compare to the national income.Keywords: Halal Industry, Halal Food, Input-Output, Multiplier analysis, Indonesia.

HOW DOES HALAL TOURISM CONTRIBUTE TO COMMUNITY ECONOMY? THE CASES OF TSUNAMI MUSEUM AND THE PLTD FLOATING SHIP IN BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA

This study aims to measure and analyze the application of the halal concept in tourism attractions of the Tsunami Aceh Museum and the PLTD Floating Ship (Kapal Apung PLTD) sites in the Banda City, Indonesia. It also attempts to assess the contributions of halal tourism to the economy, measured by income multiplier effects. Of 1,243 halal tourism visitors, entrepreneurs surrounding the halal objects, and employees in the halal tourism sites, 93 of them were selected as the sample of the study using the proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Observation, interviews, and questionnaires were used to gather the primary data. Majority of the respondents perceived that the tourist attractions of the Tsunami Aceh Museum and the PLTD Floating Ship had implemented the halal tourism concept. The study also found that those halal tourism objects have contributed to the enhancement of the community's economic development, indicated by the Keynesian Local Income Multiplier and Ratio Income Multiplier of greater than one. To further enhance the community income surrounding the halal tourism objects, the halal tourism facilities should be well-equipped and ensured a conducive surrounding environment.========================================================================================================Bagaimana Kontribusi Pariwisata Halal terhadap Perekonomian Masyarakat? Kajian pada Museum Tsunami dan PLTD Apung Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur dan menganalisis penerapan konsep halal pada objek wisata Museum Tsunami Aceh dan situs Kapal Apung PLTD (Kapal Apung PLTD) di Kota Banda, Indonesia. Penelitian ini juga mencoba untuk menilai kontribusi pariwisata halal bagi perekonomian, diukur dengan efek pengganda pendapatan. Dari 1.243 pengunjung wisata halal, pengusaha di sekitar objek wisata halal, dan tenaga kerja di lokasi wisata halal tersebut, 93 orang di antaranya dipilih sebagai sampel penelitian dengan menggunakan teknik proportate stratified random sampling. Pengamatan, wawancara, dan kuesioner digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data primer. Mayoritas responden menilai tempat wisata Museum Tsunami Aceh dan Kapal Apung PLTD sudah menerapkan konsep wisata halal. Hasil penelitian juga menemukan bahwa obyek wisata halal tersebut telah memberikan kontribusi terhadap peningkatan pembangunan ekonomi masyarakat yang ditunjukkan dengan Keynesian Local Income Multiplier dan Ratio Income Multiplier lebih besar dari satu. Untuk lebih meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat sekitar obyek wisata halal, maka sarana wisata halal harus dilengkapi dengan baik dan terjaminnya lingkungan sekitar yang kondusif.

ANALISIS DAMPAK EKONOMI KEGIATAN WISATA YOUTH CAMP DI TAMAN HUTAN RAYA WAN ABDUL RACHMAN (TAHURA WAR)

The main purposes of this research is to find out the characteristic of visitors, local workforces and business owners, the factors that affect the frequency of tourist visits, and to analyze the economic impact caused by the Youth Camp tourism activities. The location for the research is intentionally chosen Youth Camp in Taman Hutan Raya Wan Abdul Rachman. Contributing toward this research consists of 40 visitors, 10 people of local workforce, and 15 business owners. The data for the research were generated in December 2018 to February 2019 and analyzed using methods of descriptive qualitative and descriptive quantitative. The research findings showed that the Youth Camp visitors’ages range between 17-35 years old, originally came from Lampung Province, and on their final year in SMA or equivalent. Majority of them are students employed with income above IDR2,000,000.00, single and no liabilities responsibilities. The frequency of visitors who came to visit was mostly influenced by the distance, age and well known of the tourism place. The value impact obtained from the value of Keynesian Income Multiplier is 5.33, value of Ratio Income Multiplier Type I is 2.70, and value of Ratio Income Multiplier Type II is 3.83. Key words: economic impact, Keynesian multiplier, Youth Camp