Background: Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA)
receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune disease associated with antibodies
against heteromers NR1 and NR2 subunits of the cell surface of the NMDA
receptors, causing many psychiatric and neurological symptoms. This includes
new-onset refractory status epilepticus. Methods: A
33-year-old previously healthy female developed new-onset refractory status
epilepticus caused by anti- NMDA receptor encephalitis without the presence
of tumours. Results: The clinical course was
complicated by prolonged status epilepticus, which was refractory to many
antiepileptic drugs (levetiracetam, phenytoin, carbamazepine, topiramate,
lacosamide, valproic acid), ketamine, propofol, midazolam, including
inhalation agents (isoflurane). Also, she received first (intravenous
immunoglobulin, intravenous methylprednisolone, and plasmapheresis),
second-line immunotherapy (rituximab) and prophylaxis bilateral oophorectomy
without clinical or electrographic improvement. However, the patient
drug-resistant status epilepticus markedly improved both clinically and
electrographically following seven sessions of electroconvulsive therapy.
Conclusions: Electroconvulsive therapy should be
considered as adjuvant therapy for the treatment of immunotherapy resistant
encephalitis.