Optimization of Nano-Topography Distribution by Compensation Grinding

Optical surfaces are required to have high form accuracy and smoothness. The form accuracy must be below 50 nm. Form accuracy is currently on the order of several tens of nanometers or less; however, further improvement is required. To improve form accuracy, compensation grinding is performed based on form measurement results. However, when the form error is small, a small periodical waviness occurs on the ground surface, which is known as nano-topography. This waviness cannot be compensated for using conventional compensation methods because the nano-topography distributions are not reproducible. A previous study showed that grinding conditions affect the spatial frequency of nano-topography. Therefore, in this study, optimum grinding conditions are estimated from the view point of nano-topography distributions, and the grinding conditions are compensated to optimize these distributions.

Рeculiarities of Оrontium aquaticum l. introduction in «Sofiivka» National dendrological park of the NAS of Ukraine

As a result of the study it was determined that Orontium aquaticum L. under the conditions of the Right- Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine undergoes a full cycle of seasonal growth and development. The morphometric parameters of plants growing in well-lit areas practically do not differ from a natural ones. O. aquaticum reproduces both by seeds and vegetatively. Ten-year-old plants, up to 45 cm high, form about 85 green fruits from the pericarp with a diameter of 0.6 to 1.8 cm and a weight of 0.4 to 2.8 g. The seed productivity is 39.7%. According to the assessment, O. aquaticum belongs to promising and highly decorative species.

On Art Contents of Maqam

The article is devoted to researching Islamic professional oral music. Maqam is the most high form of this, its conception is spiritual catharsis. Maqam is a chain of ascending parts, each of them elaborating on the main theme of the music. It progresses to a culmination and then descends to the cuitial stage. Maqam’s spiritual contents are the sorrow of love in the form of improvisation first of all, but also songs and dances. Maqam unites dramatic and lyrical characters. Every maqam has its own semantic canon, which is actualized by means of the deepest research of human feelings. Semantic and structure canons connect with the performer’s liberty in emotional detail. Maqam represents a peculiar type of authority (not in absolute form of composer’s art) and is based on classical orient poetry. The highest form of maqam is instrumental (without singing), which expresses the character of its singing-instrumental “parent”. The maqam’s performers must have a special complement of musical abilities and study in music empirient schools. It is necessary to mark particular antithesises, which illustrate a “emotion–ratio” relation in macam’s dramaturgy: passionate contents and strict verified form; originality and canon; euphoria and self-control of a performer; melody and polyphony (instruments imitate singing). Maqam represents a penetrating, “endless” melody with its ability to develop. The elite character of maqam’s genesis and contemporary democracy of the genre are explored, as well as the relations between two forms of maqam: maqam-tune and maqam-genre.

Ultra-low profile solar-cell-integrated antenna with a high form factor

This paper presents an ultra-low-profile copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) based solar cell integrated antenna with a high form factor. A tiny slot was etched from the solar cell to develop an ultra-low-profile solar-cell-integrated antenna. This tiny slot increases the form factor due to the small clearance area from the solar cell. A ground-radiation antenna design method was applied in which lumped elements were employed inside the tiny slot for antenna operation. Another substrate was used under the solar cell for designing the feeding structure with lumped elements connected to the tiny slot using via holes. A prototype was fabricated and measured to verify the operation of a built-in solar-cell antenna and validate the simulated results. The measured results demonstrate that the solar-cell-integrated antenna covers the entire frequency range of the Industrial Scientific Medical band, from 2.4 to 2.5 GHz, with a maximum gain of 2.79 dBi and radiation efficiency higher than 80% within the impedance bandwidth range. Moreover, the proposed design has an ultra-low-profile structure of only 0.0046 λo, where λo represents the free space wavelength at 2.45 GHz, and a high form factor of 99.1% with no optical blockage. The antenna and solar cell were designed to avoid affecting the performance of each other using the radio-frequency decoupler.

Ultra-Low Profile Solar-Cell-Integrated Antenna With a High Form Factor

This paper presents an ultra-low-profile copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) based solar cell integrated antenna with a high form factor. A tiny slot was etched from the solar cell to develop an ultra-low-profile solar-cell-integrated antenna. This tiny slot increases the form factor due to the small clearance area from the solar cell. A ground-radiation antenna design method was applied in which lumped elements were employed inside the tiny slot for antenna operation. Another substrate was used under the solar cell for designing the feeding structure with lumped elements connected to the tiny slot using via holes. A prototype was fabricated and measured to verify the operation of a built-in solar-cell antenna and validate the simulated results. The measured results demonstrate that the solar-cell-integrated antenna covers the entire frequency range of the Industrial Scientific Medical band from 2.4 to 2.5 GHz with good performance characteristics. The proposed design has a low-profile structure with high optical transparency for solar cells. The antenna and solar cell were designed to avoid affecting the performance of each other using the radio-frequency decoupler.

SMC4, CCNB1 and CKS1B as potential targets and new critical biomarkers for the prognosis of human bladder cancer

Background As a common malignant cancer of the urinary system, the precise molecular mechanisms of bladder cancer remain to be illuminated. The purpose of this study was to identify core genes with prognostic value as potential oncogenes for the diagnosis, prognosis or novel therapeutic targets of bladder cancer. Methods The gene expression profiles GSE3167 and GSE7476 were available from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Next, PPI network was built to filter the hub gene through the STRING database and Cytoscape software and GEPIA and Kaplan-Meier plotter were implemented. Frequency and type of hub genes and sub groups analysis were performed in cBioportal and ULCAN database. Finally,We used RT-qPCR to confirm our results. Results Totally, 251 DEGs were excavated from two datasets in our study. We only founded high expression of SMC4, TYMS, CCNB1, CKS1B, NUSAP1 and KPNA2 was associated with worse outcomes in bladder cancer patients and no matter from the type of mutation or at the transcriptional level of hub genes, the tumor showed a high form of expression. However, only the expression of SMC4,CCNB1and CKS1B remained changed between the cancer and the normal samples in our results of RT-qPCR. Conclusion In conclusion,These findings indicate that the SMC4,CCNB1 and CKS1B may serve as critical biomarkers in the development and poor prognosis.

An alternative permeable topology design space for trailing-edge noise attenuation

This study focuses upon a new permeable topology design concept as an alternative to porous metal foams, for turbulent boundary layer trailing-edge (TBL-TE) noise attenuation. The present permeable topology has unconventional characteristics with respect to the metal foams: a combination of low flow resistivity r and high form drag coefficient C. The unconventional characteristics are realized by a Kevlar-covered 3D-printed perforated structure. An experimental study featuring a NACA 0018 airfoil model with a Kevlar-covered 3D-printed TE insert at chord-based Reynolds numbers up to [Formula: see text] is carried out. The airfoil with this TE insert gives a broadband TBL-TE noise reduction up to approximately 5 dB, compared to a solid TE. This reduction varies only slightly with airfoil loading (lower than 1 dB variation), in contrast to the porous metal foams (up to 3 dB variation). When comparing the variation of noise attenuation given by all the permeable materials considered, the variation is found to decrease with the increasing C. This is because C specifies the permeable material's ability to withstand the increasing pressure difference, which causes cross flow that might interfere with the noise attenuation mechanism. Additionally, the drag coefficients as well as the roughness noise of the airfoil equipped with the present TE insert are also significantly lower than those of the metal-foam TE, and are mostly negligible compared to the fully solid airfoil. Based on the findings, design guidelines for permeable TE are proposed: the permeable material shall have a combination of a low flow resistivity and a high form drag coefficient as well as a negligible surface roughness.

THINKING AS A SUBJECT OF EMPERICAL RESEARCH

The article describes a high form of human mental activity, theprocess of reflecting objective reality in consciousness, the environment, socialphenomena, an instrument for cognizing reality, as well as the problem of thinking,which is the main condition for human activity.

On the two ‘forms’ of Dotilla intermedia De Man, 1888 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Dotillidae) from the Bay of Bengal, India, with description of a new species

Two distinct morphotypes of sand bubbler crab (Dotillidae) from eastern India were assigned to Dotilla intermedia De Man, 1888, by British carcinologist, Stanley Kemp in 1919, due to similarities in the areolation of the carapace and the occurrence of these two forms in the same locality. Kemp, however, also illustrated the differences in the morphology of the male thoracic sternums, chelae, and first gonopods and, accordingly, divided D. intermedia into two subcategories which he called the “high form” and the “low form”. The recent designation of a lectotype for D. intermedia, which corresponds with Kemp’s “high form”, makes it possible to recognize the “low form” as a distinct and new species, D. fraternalis n. sp., which is described here. Furthermore, Kemp’s synonymization of Dotilla clepsydrodactylus Alcock, 1900, under Dotilla intermedia is affirmed here after examination of the surviving syntypes. A lectotype is selected to stabilize the taxonomy of this species.

Australian Aborigines: geographical variability of craniological features.

This work is devoted to the study of craniological traits of Australian aborigines (male and female samples) and their geographical differentiation applying a special program of cranial traits. According to the craniological classification (Pestryakov, Grigorieva, 2004), native population of Australia belongs to the Tropid craniotype, i.e. is characterized by a relatively small size and long, narrow and relatively high form of the skull. The primary settlement of the Australian continent could only origin in the North. There are two contrasting craniotypes in Australia, which probably reflect the two main waves of the aboriginal migration across the continent. The skulls of the first migratory wave were larger and relatively low-vaulted. They are mostly characteristic of the aborigines of South Australia, who later also migrated to the north, to the arid zone of Central Australia. The second major wave is characterized by smaller high-vaulted skulls, which are now characteristic of the population of the north of the continent (Queensland and, especially, the Northern Territory and North-West Australia). The territory of the southeast of Australia (Victoria and New South Wales states) is the most favorable area for human living. The two main migratory waves mixed there, which led to the observed craniological heterosis. The craniological samples of western and northwestern Australia are also of mixed origin, but are more comparable to the Northern Territory groups. The Tasmanians are significantly different from the General Australian population in terms of craniology. This is especially true for the female sample. Perhaps the ancestors of the Tasmanians represented the very first settlement wave of the ancient Sahul continent, before the separation of the island from the mainland.