Utilization of Soybeans as Bio-Catalyst in Calcite Precipitation Method for Repairing Cracks in Concrete

Concrete is a material that has high compressive strength. However, concrete has a lower tensile strength than its compressive strength. As a result, the concrete often cracks and allows the entry of harmful substances such as dan causing corrosion of the reinforcement. Therefore, the repair method began to shift from the conventional way to the concept of self-healing concrete which involves the deposition of CaCO3. Precipitation can be done by the enzymatically – induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) method through a combination of urease, urea, and CaCl2 into a solution. This research used soybean extract as a substitute for pure urease enzyme. Variations in the concentration of soybean flour used as injection solution were variations in the content of soybean flour 15 g/L because it produced an optimum calcite mass of 2.62 grams. As a result, there was an increase in the compressive strength of BI against BR. In addition, there was a decreased value of permeability and porosity and the number of injections carried out. The increase in compressive strength, decrease in permeability, and decrease in porosity in concrete is due to CaCO3 deposition in the concrete which can cover the pores and cracks in the concrete.

Influence of Concentration and Temperature on Stability of Imipenem Focused on Solutions for Extended Infusion

Background Imipenem remains active against most Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. This study aimed to evaluate chemical stability of imipenem in 2 commonly used concentrations when stored in 3 various temperatures. Methods Imipenem injection powder was used to prepare 5 mL and 10 mg/mL of imipenem in .9% sodium chloride solution. Prepared solutions in PVC bags were stored at 25°C, 30°C, and 40°C. The solutions were investigated over 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 hours using HPLC analysis. The association between drug stability, temperature, and concentration was determined. Results The 5 mg/mL solutions of brand A and B imipenem mL were stable for 6 hours at 25°C, 30°C, and 40°C, respectively. For 10 mg/mL, the solution of brand A was stable for 3 hours and brand B was stable for 6 hours at 25°C. Also, brand A and B imipenem solutions at the concentration of 10 mg/mL were stable for less than 1 hour at 30°C and 40°C. Conclusion The stability of imipenem injection solution was affected by temperature and concentration. Increasing in temperature and drug concentration resulted in decreased stability of imipenem. Suitable temperature and drug concentration should be concerned when this drug is given by extended infusion.

Qualitative survey-based evaluation of operability and convenience for the etanercept biosimilar YLB113 in a unique injection pen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Study objective: Needle fear is common among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who require subcutaneous (SC) injections. The convenience, usability and safety of the etanercept biosimilar YLB113 in an injection pen were evaluated among patients who switched from syringe injection. Methods: Patients with RA who had completed the phase III clinical study of YLB113 in a pre-filled syringe (YLB113-002) were enrolled (n = 35) and received once-weekly SC injections with the injection pen (YLB113 50 mg) for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, patients completed a qualitative survey evaluating the form and design of the pen, its operability, and patient preference for pen or syringe. Adverse events were evaluated throughout the study. Results: Most patients reported the pen was ‘very easy to grasp’ or ‘easy to grasp.’ The pen was also reported to be easy to operate. The click signalling the start and end of the injection could be heard ‘very well’ or ‘well’. Similarly, the injection solution check window could be seen by most patients. About three-quarters of respondents preferred the pen over a syringe. The pen was considered easier to use for the following reasons: the body is easy to grasp; the procedure is easy to understand; and the procedure can be performed without anxiety, fear, or tenseness. Conclusions: The majority of these Japanese subjects with RA in the study judged the YLB113 50 mg delivered by injection pen to be easy to use, convenient and well tolerated

Usefulness of epinephrine-added injection solution to reduce procedure time for gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection

Background and study aims Epinephrine-added submucosal injection solution is used to facilitate hemostasis of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding and to prevent delayed bleeding of large pedunculated colorectal lesions. However, its benefit in gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer (EGC) is unclear. The effectiveness of epinephrine-added injection solution for outcomes of gastric ESD was examined using propensity score matching analysis. Patients and methods A total of 1,599 patients with solitary EGC (83 with non-epinephrine-added solution and 1,516 with epinephrine-added solution) between 2011 and 2018 were enrolled. Propensity scores were calculated to balance the distribution of baseline characteristics: age, sex, tumor location, specimen size, presence of ulcer scar, tumor depth, histological tumor type, and operators’ experience, and 1:3 matching was performed. En bloc resection rate, mean procedure time, delayed bleeding rate, and perforation rate were compared between the non-epinephrine (n = 79) and epinephrine (n = 237) groups. Results Mean procedure time was significantly shorter in the epinephrine group than in the non-epinephrine group (60 vs. 78 min, P < 0.001). No significant difference was found in the rate of en bloc resection (both 99 %), incidence of delayed bleeding (both 6 %), or perforation (0 vs. 0.8 %) between the two groups. In multiple linear regression analysis, use of epinephrine-added solution was independently associated with short procedure time (P < 0.001) after adjustment for other covariates. Conclusion The results suggest that epinephrine-added injection solution is useful for reduction of gastric ESD procedure time, warranting validation in a randomized controlled trial.

Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Submucosal Injection Solution for Resection of Gastrointestinal Lesions

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) are minimally invasive and efficient techniques for the removal of gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal polyps. In both techniques, submucosal injection solutions are necessary for complete effectiveness and safety during the intervention to be obtained. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new sterile submucosal injection solution for EMR/ESD used within a clinical protocol in patients with intestinal polyps. We carried out a prospective study between 2016 and 2017 with patients who attended the Endoscopy Consultation—Digestive Department of Primary Hospital. Patients were selected for EMR/ESD after the application of clinical protocols. Thirty-six patients were selected (≥ 66 years with comorbidities and risk factors). Lesions were located mainly in the colon. Our solution presented an intestinal lift ≥ 60 min in EMR/ESD and a high expansion of tissue, optimum viscosity, and subsequent complete resorption. The genes S100A9 and TP53 presented an expression increase in the distal regions. TP53 and PCNA were the only genes whose expression was increased in polyp specimens vs. the surrounding tissue at the mRNA level. In EMR/ESD, our solution presented a prolonged effect at the intestinal level during all times of the intervention. Thus, our solution seems be an effective and safe alternative in cases of flat lesions in both techniques.

Quantitative determination of trifuzol in the 2.5% injection solution by spectrophotometric method

The effectiveness of the treatment of common diseases of the respiratory system, hematopoietic system, digestive system of livestock and domestic animals with the help of existing drugs is not always sufficient, and there is an urgent need to expand the arsenal of domestic veterinary medicinal products that would exhibit antiviral, anti-inflammatory and low toxicity, prompted to search, create and improve existing veterinary medicines. A medicine in the form of a 2.5% injection solution containing, as an active substance, a 1,2,4-triazole derivative – piperidine 2-[5-(furan-2-yl)-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-ylthio] acetate exhibits a fairly high level of anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunomodulating effects. The arsenal of domestic veterinary drugs with the above activity is currently limited. The analysis of veterinary medicinal products is the most important stage in the system for ensuring the quality control of medicinal products. During the entire storage period of the drug, various methods of identification and quantification of the active substances are needed. And despite the fact that spectrophotometry in the UV region is not very specific and selective, the expressness of these methods allows them to be widely used for routine quality control of drugs. Development and validation of a method for the quantitative determination of trifuzole in a 2.5% injection solution according to its own absorption. The study used a working standard sample of trifuzol 2.5% injection solution of trifuzol, as a solvent – purified water. Analytical equipment: Specord 200 spectrophotometer, electronic balance AVT-120-5DM. The aim of our work was the development and validation of a new, express method for the quantitative determination of trifuzol in the composition of a 2.5% injection solution in the UV region. The proposed method is based on measuring the optical density of an aqueous solution of a compound at 278 nm. The technique was successfully validated for such characteristics as linearity, precision, correctness, specificity and robustness, according to the requirements of HFCs. The analysis of the predicted total uncertainty of the analysis showed the reproduction of the method and the possibility of its application in other laboratories. The validation of the method for the quantitative determination of trifuzol in the composition of a 2.5% injection solution according to the requirements of HFCs was carried out. It is proved that according to such validation characteristics as linearity, specificity, precision, correctness and robustness, the technique is correct.