The connecting cilium inner scaffold provides a structural foundation to maintain photoreceptor integrity

Retinal degeneration is a leading cause of human blindness due to progressive loss of ciliated photoreceptors cells. While this degradation can be associated with cohesion defects of the microtubule-based connecting cilium (CC) structure, the underlying mechanism is not understood. Here, using expansion microscopy and electron microscopy, we reveal the molecular architecture of the CC and demonstrate that microtubules are linked together by a CC-inner scaffold (CC-IS) containing POC5, CENTRIN and FAM161A. Monitoring CC-IS assembly during photoreceptor development in mouse reveals that it acts as a structural zipper, progressively bridging microtubule doublets and straightening the CC. Consistently, Fam161a mutations lead to a specific CC-IS loss and trigger microtubule doublets spreading, prior to outer segment collapse and photoreceptor degeneration, providing a molecular mechanism for retinitis pigmentosa disease.One Sentence SummaryThe connecting cilium inner scaffold acts as a structural zipper granting photoreceptor integrity.

Basic Selection and Analysis of Harbin Ice and Snow World Theater Project

Harbin Ice and Snow World Project totals 98,000 square meters, consisting of Iceberg Pavilion, Dream Ice and Snow Pavilion, Ice and Snow Show, and Ice and Snow Art Museum.This project mainly introduces the foundation selection and structural design of the Harbin Ice and Snow World Show, verifies the feasibility of the project implementation, and analyzes the rationality of the structural foundation layout through structural design and structural calculation analysis.

Conclusion

Western art music developed at the most fundamental level out of the desire to elaborate on and heighten the body of Gregorian Chant that lay at its heart. As this development unfolded, musicians settled on a scheme to slow the chant down, place it at the bottom of, or later within, a polyphonic texture, and adorn it with their own musical ideas and inventions. Such a long-note cantus firmus served as the foundation of sophisticated composition for an astonishingly long time; indeed, thanks to Johann Joseph Fux, one could say that it has never entirely disappeared from compositional engagement. By the end of the fifteenth century, musicians had been laying out their most sophisticated music, whether improvised or composed, on top of and surrounding such a cantus firmus since at least the high Middle Ages, and this music thus had its structural foundation largely determined for it at the pre-compositional stage. The musicians’ goal, then, was to adorn this foundation with all of the variety they could provide....

Authentic marketing pragmatic marketing (components, foregrounds, outcomes): interactions & conflicts

The age of new technology is fraught with contradictions, engagement and communications that the customer with the crisis of meaning and absurdity that stems from obedience and consumption. And in the same vein, authenticity, which Katler considers to be the most effective element in this era, in order to achieve a sustainable development and response to the psychological adventures of the customer, which he calls the human soul. Also, the efforts of brands to maintain and develop their own beliefs and philosophies have made it necessary to study the concept of authentic marketing. And, on the other hand, the study of its interaction with the pragmatic marketing, which is a response to the material needs of the client, is necessary, therefore, their consequences can be the answer to the theoretical vacuum of marketing science to solve customer's contradictions in the new paradigmatic shift. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and uses the method of qualitative research in the form of the Structural Foundation data theory. Methods of collecting data is through in-depth interviews and observing. Eventually, data were analyzed using the principles related to underlying theory (open and selective coding, continuous comparative analysis, creation of concepts and compilations). Finally, this study suggests that changing marketing paradigm to solve the problems of new age for authentic brand production.

The mouse cortico-tectal projectome

SUMMARYThe superior colliculus (SC) is a midbrain structure that receives diverse and robust cortical inputs to drive a range of cognitive and sensorimotor behaviors. However, it remains unclear how descending cortical inputs arising from higher-order associative areas coordinate with SC sensorimotor networks to influence its outputs. In this study, we constructed a comprehensive map of all cortico-tectal projections and identified four collicular zones with differential cortical inputs: medial (SC.m), centromedial (SC.cm), centrolateral (SC.cl) and lateral (SC.l). Computational analyses revealed that cortico-tectal projections are organized as multiple subnetworks that are consistent with previously identified cortico-cortical and cortico-striatal subnetworks. Furthermore, we delineated the brain-wide input/output organization of each collicular zone and described a subset of their constituent neuronal cell types based on distinct connectional and morphological features. Altogether, this work provides a novel structural foundation for the integrative role of the SC in controlling cognition, orientation, and other sensorimotor behaviors.