axial resolution
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao L. Wang ◽  
Noa W. F. Grooms ◽  
Samuel H Chung

Femtosecond lasers are capable of precise ablation that produce surgical dissections in vivo. The transverse and axial resolution of the laser damage inside the bulk are important parameters of ablation. The transverse resolution is routinely quantified, but the axial resolution is more difficult to measure and is less commonly performed. In some in vivo samples, fine dissections can also be difficult to visualize, but in vitro samples may allow clear imaging. Using a 1040-nm, 400-fs pulsed laser, we performed ablation inside agarose and glass, producing clear and persistent damage spots. Near the ablation threshold of both media, we found that the axial resolution is similar to the transverse resolution. We also ablated neuron cell bodies and fibers in C. elegans and demonstrate submicrometer resolution in both the transverse and axial directions, consistent with our results in agarose and glass. Using simple yet rigorous methods, we define the resolution of laser ablation in transparent media along all directions.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Christoph Thiele ◽  
Marvin Jungblut ◽  
Dominic A. Helmerich ◽  
Roman Tsukanov ◽  
Anna Chizhik ◽  
...  

Over the last two decades, super-resolution microscopy has seen a tremendous development in speed and resolution, but for most of its methods, there exists a remarkable gap between lateral and axial resolution. Similar to conventional optical microscopy, the axial resolution is by a factor three to five worse than the lateral resolution. One recently developed method to close this gap is metal-induced energy transfer (MIET) imaging which achieves an axial resolution down to nanometers. It exploits the distance dependent quenching of fluorescence when a fluorescent molecule is brought close to a metal surface. In the present manuscript, we combine the extreme axial resolution of MIET imaging with the extraordinary lateral resolution of single-molecule localization microscopy, in particular with direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM). This combination allows us to achieve isotropic three-dimensional super-resolution imaging of sub-cellular structures. Moreover, we employed spectral demixing for implementing dual-color MIET-dSTORM that allows us to image and co-localize, in three dimensions, two different cellular structures simultaneously.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Gyu Hyeon ◽  
Kwanjun Park ◽  
Taeseok Daniel Yang ◽  
Taedong Kong ◽  
Beop-Min Kim ◽  
...  

AbstractA reflection phase microscope (RPM) can be equipped with the capability of depth selection by employing a gating mechanism. However, it is difficult to achieve an axial resolution close to the diffraction limit in real implementation. Here, we systematically investigated the uneven interference contrast produced by pupil transmittance of the objective lens and found that it was the main cause of the practical limit that prevents the axial resolution from reaching its diffraction limit. Then we modulated the power of illumination light to obtain a uniform interference contrast over the entire pupil. Consequently, we could achieve an axial resolution fairly close to the diffraction limit set by the experimental conditions.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Dubey ◽  
Joseph Rosen

Abstract Interferenceless coded aperture correlation holography (I-COACH) is an incoherent digital holographic technique with lateral and axial resolution similar to a regular lens-based imaging system. The properties of I-COACH are dictated by the shape of the system’s point response termed point spread hologram (PSH). As previously shown, chaotic PSHs which are continuous over some area on the image sensor enable the system to perform three-dimensional (3D) holographic imaging. We also showed that a PSH of an ensemble of sparse dots improves the system’s signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) but reduces the dimensionality of the imaging from three to two dimensions. In this study, we test the midway shape of PSH, an ensemble of sparse islands distributed over the sensor plane. A PSH of isolated chaotic islands improves the SNR of the system compared to continuous chaotic PSH without losing the capability to perform 3D imaging. Reconstructed images of this new system are compared with images of continuous PSH, dot-based PSH, and direct images of a lens-based system. Visibility, SNR, and the product of visibility with SNR are the parameters used in the study. We also demonstrate the imaging capability of a system with partial annular apertures. The reconstruction results have better SNR and visibility than lens-based imaging systems with the same annular apertures.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gleb Vladimirovich Kazantsev ◽  
Alexey Igorevitch Ivanov

Abstract This work is devoted to a new direction for geology – interpretation of studied section of sediments through the analysis of microimager data. Imager analysis provides important information about the structural and textural features of rocks, nature of stratification, structural occurrence of the section, natural and technogenic fracturing. The use of borehole microimages in geological and field studies allows us to deepen and expand the existing ideas about the geological structure of known hydrocarbon deposits, and the integrated use of images allows us to solve narrowly focused tasks (Rybalchenko et al., 2016). It is worth to notice that today the potential of reservoir microimagers as a geological GIS tool is underestimated (Isotova et al., 1993) (Mathis et al., 1995) (Donselaar et al., 2005). The most widespread development of borehole imagers abroad occurred in the mid-80s of the XX century. Currently, their use is still gaining popularity in Russia. The use of microimages is not limited to the open trunk of a drilled well, technologies that allow obtaining images directly during drilling are available and widely used (Rybalchenko et al., 2016). From the point of view of well productivity, they can be used to characterize such key parameters as the orientation of horizontal stresses, as well as the intervals of anisotropy, secondary porosity, fracturing and possible crack spread during hydraulic fracturing (Climer et al., 2015). Fine structural and textural features of the section can be used for sedimentological analysis, which means the study of sedimentary rocks in order to establish the processes of their formation - the transport of material, the accumulation of sediments and their diagenetic transformations (Nichols et al., 1999). This analysis is based on the principle of actualism and is carried out using the latest results of studying modern sedimentation processes (Prothero et al., 1996). Imagers are divided into the degree of detail and the scale of measurements:Microimagers – a number of GIS devices, the result of which are images (well scan) with an axial resolution of no more than 1 cm, with a maximum coverage of the wellbore of at least 75% and having a correction for uneven movement and for the intervals of puffs (FMI, FMI-HD, QGEO, QGEO Slim, TBEI of the Wireline division, and also MicroScope HD devices).Imagers – a number of GIS devices, the result of which is images with an axial resolution of no more than 10 cm and/or with a maximum coverage of the wellbore of at least 50%. (FMS, DOBMI, OBMI, UBI divisions of Wireline, and also MicroScope and GeoVISION devices).Macroimagers – a number of GIS devices, the result of which is images (well scan) with an axial resolution of more than 10 cm (geoVISION, EcoScope). Imager - a graphical representation of the walls of the well. It is the result of recording a number of GIS devices. In the diagrams, it is a scan of the cylinder from 0 to 360 degrees, oriented to the cardinal directions relative to the true north or relative to the "top" of the well (Top of Hole). In this paper, authors show the advantages of microimagers over the informativeness of a standard GIS complex and sedimentological core study, and also describes cases when the informativeness of a microimager is not inferior to the informativeness of core data. Authors understand that core is the most important link in the chain of studying the geological structure of the deposit. Nevertheless, it is difficult to characterize the entire interval of the formation using only the core, both for geological and technological reasons. At the same time, imagers can be used not only as a qualitative, but also a quantitative source of visual information (Brown et al., 2015).


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihang Zhang ◽  
Zhihong Zhang ◽  
Liheng Bian ◽  
Haoqian Wang ◽  
Jinli Suo ◽  
...  

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