Lithofacial Interpretation of the Section in the Core Absence Intervals Using Microimager Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gleb Vladimirovich Kazantsev ◽  
Alexey Igorevitch Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Textural Features ◽  
Axial Resolution ◽  
Secondary Porosity ◽  
Entire Interval ◽  
Maximum Coverage ◽  
The Core

Abstract This work is devoted to a new direction for geology – interpretation of studied section of sediments through the analysis of microimager data. Imager analysis provides important information about the structural and textural features of rocks, nature of stratification, structural occurrence of the section, natural and technogenic fracturing. The use of borehole microimages in geological and field studies allows us to deepen and expand the existing ideas about the geological structure of known hydrocarbon deposits, and the integrated use of images allows us to solve narrowly focused tasks (Rybalchenko et al., 2016). It is worth to notice that today the potential of reservoir microimagers as a geological GIS tool is underestimated (Isotova et al., 1993) (Mathis et al., 1995) (Donselaar et al., 2005). The most widespread development of borehole imagers abroad occurred in the mid-80s of the XX century. Currently, their use is still gaining popularity in Russia. The use of microimages is not limited to the open trunk of a drilled well, technologies that allow obtaining images directly during drilling are available and widely used (Rybalchenko et al., 2016). From the point of view of well productivity, they can be used to characterize such key parameters as the orientation of horizontal stresses, as well as the intervals of anisotropy, secondary porosity, fracturing and possible crack spread during hydraulic fracturing (Climer et al., 2015). Fine structural and textural features of the section can be used for sedimentological analysis, which means the study of sedimentary rocks in order to establish the processes of their formation - the transport of material, the accumulation of sediments and their diagenetic transformations (Nichols et al., 1999). This analysis is based on the principle of actualism and is carried out using the latest results of studying modern sedimentation processes (Prothero et al., 1996). Imagers are divided into the degree of detail and the scale of measurements:Microimagers – a number of GIS devices, the result of which are images (well scan) with an axial resolution of no more than 1 cm, with a maximum coverage of the wellbore of at least 75% and having a correction for uneven movement and for the intervals of puffs (FMI, FMI-HD, QGEO, QGEO Slim, TBEI of the Wireline division, and also MicroScope HD devices).Imagers – a number of GIS devices, the result of which is images with an axial resolution of no more than 10 cm and/or with a maximum coverage of the wellbore of at least 50%. (FMS, DOBMI, OBMI, UBI divisions of Wireline, and also MicroScope and GeoVISION devices).Macroimagers – a number of GIS devices, the result of which is images (well scan) with an axial resolution of more than 10 cm (geoVISION, EcoScope). Imager - a graphical representation of the walls of the well. It is the result of recording a number of GIS devices. In the diagrams, it is a scan of the cylinder from 0 to 360 degrees, oriented to the cardinal directions relative to the true north or relative to the "top" of the well (Top of Hole). In this paper, authors show the advantages of microimagers over the informativeness of a standard GIS complex and sedimentological core study, and also describes cases when the informativeness of a microimager is not inferior to the informativeness of core data. Authors understand that core is the most important link in the chain of studying the geological structure of the deposit. Nevertheless, it is difficult to characterize the entire interval of the formation using only the core, both for geological and technological reasons. At the same time, imagers can be used not only as a qualitative, but also a quantitative source of visual information (Brown et al., 2015).

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF CAUSE-EFFECT RELATIONSHIPS AMONG CHEMICAL PROCESS VARIABLES USING A NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH

2010 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 69-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUSTAVO M. DE ALMEIDA ◽  
MARCELO CARDOSO ◽  
DANILO C. RENA ◽  
SONG W. PARK
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Process Variable ◽  
Chemical Recovery ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Neural Network Approach ◽  
Operating Variables

The extraction of information from tabular data is not a natural task for human beings, which is worse when dealing with high dimensional systems. On the other hand, graphical representations make the understanding easier by exploring the human capacity of processing visual information. Such representations can be used for many purposes, e.g., complex systems structuring which contributes to a better understanding of it. This paper constructs a cause-effect map relating the influence of each input process variable on the steam generated by a boiler. The real case study is based on the operations of a chemical recovery boiler of a Kraft pulp mill in Brazil. The map is obtained by two steps, namely the identification of a neural predictive model for the steam and a study of sensitivity analysis. The numerical results are then depicted in a graphical format using a cause-effect map. This representation highlights the relative importance of the predictor variables to the steam generation. The results, in agreement with the literature, show the higher contribution of the heat released during the fuel burning, and the lower influence of both the fuel temperature and the operating variables associated with the primary level of injection of the combustion air.

scholarly journals Wooden Temple Construction in the Russian North of the Late 18th — Early 20th Century

2019 ◽  
pp. 145-156
Author(s):  
Евгений Ходаковский ◽  
Evgeniy Hodakovskiy ◽  
Андрей Бодэ ◽  
Andrey Bode ◽  
Ольга Зинина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Church Architecture ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Late Period ◽  
The Core ◽  
Domestic Science ◽  
Arkhangelsk Region ◽  
Russian North

The paper explores the basic fundamental and applied objectives associated with the study of the wooden church architecture of the Russian North of the last centuries (late 18th — early 20th) — a period understudied in the domestic science. The authors provide sources for the research; specific examples show the features of the ongoing archival and field studies of the wooden monuments in Onega and Kargopol districts of Arkhangelsk region, identify the core theoretical areas of research focused on the wooden temple construction in the Russian North of the late period.

scholarly journals Productivity Criteria for Complex Reservoirs Based on the Study of Deep-Adsorbed Gases

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
D. A. Kobylinskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
The West ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
The Core ◽  
Oil And Gas Field ◽  
Complex Geological Structure

The work is devoted to the development of geochemical criteria for determining the nature of saturation for deep-adsorbed gases in the core. As the object of investigation used the core material selected in the fields in the Nadym-Pyrskoy oil and gas field. In each sample, 72 components were determined, namely, hydrocarbons of different material groups: normal, branched, polycyclic, and aromatic compounds from butane to dodecane. With respect to the quantitative distribution and correlation among the components, qualitative geochemical indicators of sediment productivity have been developed. The saturation character established by the criteria of deep-adsorbed gases was confirmed by the test results. In this regard, this research method significantly increases the effectiveness of diagnostics of prospective deposits, the application of which is relevant in the territory of the West Siberian oil and gas basin, especially when studying deep-submerged deposits of complex geological structure.

scholarly journals Analysis Of Methods And Means Of Bump Hazard Prediction

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Sayyidkosimov ` S.S. ◽  
◽  
Kazakov. A.N ◽  
Khakberdiev M.R. ◽  
Tursunbayev D.A. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Gold Deposits ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Disking ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Element Method

The article analyzes the methods and tools for predicting the impact hazard in the conditions of underground mining of gold deposits. To assess the stress state of a rock mass, the core disking method is proposed as a basic method. The degree and categories of impact hazard of sections of the rock mass are estimated. Due to the impossibility of solving many problems by geomechanical only field studies. The reliable efficiency of the use of the finite element method and the boundary element method in predicting the impact hazard of the field sites a priori is shown.

scholarly journals Refinement of the petrophysical model of the Achimov formation based on facial analysis of sedimentation conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Guzel R. Vahitova ◽  
Anzhela A. Kazaryan ◽  
Timur F. Khaybullin
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Facies Analysis ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Space Structure ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
The Core ◽  
Promising Source

Aim. Due to the depletion of reserves of the main oil and gas complexes, the greatest interest is attributed to hard-to-recover reserves, complex-built objects of the sedimentary cover, the development of which was unprofitable until recently. One of these is the oil-bearing complex of the Achimov deposits of the Malobalykskoye field in Western Siberia. This article is devoted to the facies analysis and typification of reservoir rocks of the Achimov deposits in order to increase the reliability of determining the boundaries of the reservoirs, their interpretation and assessment of the petrophysical properties of the reservoirs. At the same time, special attention is paid to the facies analysis, which determines the characteristics of the reservoir. The Achimov deposits are a promising source of increasing resources and maintaining production at a high level. With their increasing importance, there are problems that complicate the search and assessment of deposits. Such problems include a high degree of reservoir compartmentalization, sharp facies variability, complex pore space structure, high clay content, low permeability values, etc. Materials and methods. The work is based on a comprehensive interpretation of the data of the lithological description of the core, the results of laboratory studies of the core and well logging data analysis of the Achimov deposits of the Malobalykskoye field. The methods used in the interpretation of GIS data, statistical analysis, comparison. Due to the fact that the reservoir properties of sand bodies are determined by the peculiarities of their formation in different conditions of sedimentation, it is necessary to establish a relationship between the petrophysical characteristics of rocks and their facies nature by substantiating petrofacies models. The use of the latter in geological modeling makes it possible to more effectively predict the reservoir properties (reservoir properties) of various facies lithotypes. Results. The paper presents the results of facies analysis and typification of the reservoirs of the Achimov deposits of the Malobalykskoye field, on the basis of which the boundaries of the reservoirs and the effective oilsaturated thicknesses were refined. Conclusions. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that it is necessary to develop refined petrophysical models for reservoirs with complex geological structure that take into account the facies features of rocks.

scholarly journals Petrophysical Properties Estimation of Euphrates Reservoir in Qayyarah Oil Field Using Core and Well Log Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2E) ◽  
pp. 186-197
Author(s):  
Maan Al-Majid
Keyword(s):  
Water Saturation ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Oil Reservoirs ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Well Log ◽  
Secondary Porosity ◽  
Log Data ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
True Resistivity

The Early Miocene Euphrates Formation is characterized by its oil importance in the Qayyarah oil field and its neighboring fields. This study relied on the core and log data analyses of two wells in the Qayyarah oil field. According to the cross-plot’s information, the Euphrates Formation is mainly composed of dolomite with varying proportions of limestone and shale. Various measurements to calculate the porosity, permeability, and water saturation on the core samples were made at different depths in the two studied wells Qy-54 and Qy-55. A relationship between water saturation and capillary pressure has been plotted for some core samples to predict sites of normal compaction in the formation. The line regression for this relationship was considered as a function of the ratio of large voids to the total volume of voids in the sample. The coefficient of determination parameter was used in estimating the amount of homogeneity in the sizes of the voids, as it was observed to increase significantly at the sites of shale. After dividing the formation into several zones, the well log data were analyzed to predict the locations of oil presence in both wells. The significance of the negative secondary porosity in detecting the hydrocarbon sites in the Euphrates Formation was deduced by its correspondence with the large increase in the true resistivity values in both wells. More than 90% of the formation parts represent reservoir rocks in both wells, but only about 75% of them are oil reservoirs in the well Qy-54 and nearly 50% of them are oil reservoirs in the well Qy-55.

Propagation of Regular HCl Acids in Carbonate Rocks: The Impact of an In Situ Gelled Acid Stage

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Gomaa ◽  
Hisham A. Nasr-El-Din
Keyword(s):  
Material Balance ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Recent Laboratory ◽  
Injection Rates

Recent laboratory and field studies indicated that polymer-based in situ gelled acids can cause formation damage. Coreflood experiments using single-stage and multistage acids were conducted at 250 °F. 15 wt. % regular HCl and 5 wt. % in situ gelled acid-based on Fe(III) as a crosslinker were the acids that were used in this study. Propagation of acids and crosslinker inside 20 in. long cores was examined for the first time in detail. Stage volume and injection rate, which were the parameters that affect the propagating of various chemical species, were examined. Samples of the core effluent were collected and the concentrations of calcium, crosslinker, and acid were measured. Material balance was conducted to determine the amount of cross-liker that retained in the core. The results show that in situ gelled acid should be pumped at low injection rates. In situ gelled acid at low injection rate instantaneously plugged the tip of the wormhole and did not create additional wormholes inside the core. Therefore, when the final regular acid stage bypassed the gel, it started to propagate from nearly the last point that the first stage ended. In site gelled acid stage volume should not exceed 0.5 PV. No benefits were gained by increasing the volume of in situ gelled acids. Retention of total iron in the core increased in multistage acid treatments, especially at low acid injection rates.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF A FLOWSTONE-LIKE HISTORICAL INDOOR-TRAVERTINE (RUDAS SPA, BUDAPEST, HUNGARY) USING THE 14C “BOMB-PEAK”

Radiocarbon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1419-1435
Author(s):  
Magdolna Virág ◽  
Mihály Molnár ◽  
Mihály Braun ◽  
Andrea Mindszenty
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Isotope Geochemistry ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Textural Features ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nuclear Tests ◽  
Textural Changes ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Buda Thermal Karst

ABSTRACTTravertine precipitated during the past ca. 120 years, from thermal waters in one of the historical Spas of the Buda Thermal Karst (Hungary) was investigated using radiocarbon (14C). The age of the deposit is based on the historic date of the structure on which the travertine was deposited. A textural study of the travertine buildup using a ~22-cm-long diamond-core crosscutting was undertaken. The original aim of the study was to improve our understanding of the controls and possibly also the rate of travertine-precipitation. In addition to characteristic, mm-scale, regular laminations, 0.5–1.0 cm dark-colored intervals were also observed in the core. Correlation of these latter textural changes with well-known changes in the water management of the Spa was greatly hindered by the lack of age data from the interior of the core. Therefore, in addition to the two known points (beginning in 1883 AD and ending 2004 AD) at least one age-datum point, somewhere inbetween, was necessary. Since the timespan of the core obviously included the 1960s of the last century, we expected that the 14C anomaly related to the atmospheric nuclear tests of those years could be detected by isotope-geochemistry. This paper gives a brief overview of the textural features of the investigated travertine and presents the dataset proving the incorporation of considerable amounts of atmospheric carbon in the carbonate precipitate, which, indeed, facilitated the indirect dating of the part of the core containing “bomb” 14C, and this helped us to unfold the factors controlling the observed textural changes of the travertine.

scholarly journals ANALISIS STABILITAS TIMBUNAN (MAINDAM) BERDASARKAN DATA INSTRUMEN GEOTEKNIK PADA BENDUNGAN SINDANG HEULA SERANG BANTEN

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Nanang Sutisna ◽  
M. Ichwanul Yusup ◽  
Euis Amilia Euis Amilia
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Internal Erosion ◽  
Embankment Dam ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
The Core ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Stability

The development of science and technology has obtained supporting technology for monitoring the soil shear force and pore water pressure in the dam, the presence of shear forces against the landfill and pore water pressure through small cavities in the embankment soil in the dam body which can be detected by equipment such as inclinometer and piezometer that have been installed at predetermined points. The application of inclinometer and piezometer technology is used as a support tool for monitoring the movement of landfill and pore water pressure against dams. The embankment dam is the most complex of civilian structures and is very dangerous if damaged. When there is damage to a dam, it will cause a big disaster for the areas that are downstream of the dam. Damage or collapse of a dam can occur due to several things, including overtopping, sliding of the dam slopes (internal erosion or "piping"), and the occurrence of structural degradation of each zone. on the dam body. In the analysis of the stability of the embankment (maindam) which is based on geotechnical instrument data, it must be carried out as carefully and accurately as possible. The purpose of this analysis is to measure the early damage in the main dam (maindam). After conducting research and field studies at the Sindang Heula dam, there were several points of decline at the top of the core embankment (maindam). To find out the cause of the decline, data was taken from measuring geotechnical instruments.

scholarly journals The Principles of the Formal Construction of the Lexical-Semantic Field in Modern Chinese

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-251
Author(s):  
Artemii M. Karapetyants ◽  
◽  
Elena A. Timchishena ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
The Core ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
Modern Chinese ◽  
Specific Meaning ◽  
Semantic Proximity ◽  
Formal Construction

The article presents an attempt to formally construct a lexical-semantic field for the Chinese language, taking into account the fact that the concept of such a field presupposes a certain classification system of the vocabulary, which is divided into large and small groups ordered in relation to each other. Due to the presence in the Chinese language of a large number of copulative complexes, paradigmatic relations of semantic proximity are expressed in syntagmatic relations of juxtaposition, which allowed the authors of the article to construct semantic fields based on the data of normative dictionaries and vocabulary lists. This article presents formal methods for constructing a semantic field for the modern Chinese language, a semantic method for fixing the language. It is based on a graphical representation of combinations of symbols (synographic images) and their explanations in dictionaries and wordlists of the modern Chinese language. As typical examples, the sphere of designations of emotions and verbs with the meanings of purchase and sale was chosen. The article defines the features of the structure of the lexical-semantic field of the verbs of sale and purchase, reveals the lexical units that are included in the core, near and far periphery. The material presented in the article indicates that in the case of the Chinese language, a similar method of constructing a lexical-semantic field can be applied both to tokens with an abstract meaning and to tokens with a specific meaning.

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