Ethical Aspects of Information-Based Medicine (With a Focus on Mental Health)

2022 ◽  
pp. 42-70
Author(s):  
Jan Kalina ◽  
Nicole Tobišková
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Concept Of Information ◽  
Based Medicine

Modern advanced tools of artificial intelligence assist healthcare professionals in a variety of complex tasks related to medical care. Digitalization and automation accelerate the development and deployment of innovative artificial intelligence tools tailor-made for clinical applications; decision support systems represent an important example of such tools. This chapter is devoted to discussing the role of artificial intelligence in current and prospective medical care and ethical aspects of their deployment. As developed countries currently go through remarkable transforms of medical care involving informatization and centering around medical information and knowledge, this chapter also discusses future ideals of medical care characterized by the concept of information-based medicine. Ethical and patient safety implications of using artificial intelligence within information-based medicine are overviewed here. Specific attention is paid to mental healthcare and ethical aspects of using artificial intelligence in its context.

scholarly journals Modeling the Research Landscapes of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Diabetes (GAPRESEARCH)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giang Thu Vu ◽  
Bach Xuan Tran ◽  
Roger S. McIntyre ◽  
Hai Quang Pham ◽  
Hai Thanh Phan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bibliographic Analysis ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Bibliometrics Analysis ◽  
Research Domains

The rising prevalence and global burden of diabetes fortify the need for more comprehensive and effective management to prevent, monitor, and treat diabetes and its complications. Applying artificial intelligence in complimenting the diagnosis, management, and prediction of the diabetes trajectory has been increasingly common over the years. This study aims to illustrate an inclusive landscape of application of artificial intelligence in diabetes through a bibliographic analysis and offers future direction for research. Bibliometrics analysis was combined with exploratory factor analysis and latent Dirichlet allocation to uncover emergent research domains and topics related to artificial intelligence and diabetes. Data were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The results showed a rising trend in the number of papers and citations concerning AI applications in diabetes, especially since 2010. The nucleus driving the research and development of AI in diabetes is centered around developed countries, mainly consisting of the United States, which contributed 44.1% of the publications. Our analyses uncovered the top five emerging research domains to be: (i) use of artificial intelligence in diagnosis of diabetes, (ii) risk assessment of diabetes and its complications, (iii) role of artificial intelligence in novel treatments and monitoring in diabetes, (iv) application of telehealth and wearable technology in the daily management of diabetes, and (v) robotic surgical outcomes with diabetes as a comorbid. Despite the benefits of artificial intelligence, challenges with system accuracy, validity, and confidentiality breach will need to be tackled before being widely applied for patients’ benefits.

scholarly journals Guidelines for drug treatment of epilepsy: a critical review

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (3a) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A.M. Guerreiro
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Treatment Of Epilepsy ◽  
The Face ◽  
Based Medicine

This article critically reviews the role of evidence-based medicine and its guidelines, from their logistic preparation to their interpretation. The strengths and weaknesses of the methodological points are presented, as well the reasons for the extreme popularity of the guidelines in developed countries. The review discusses the main foundations of the most cited guidelines and some recent large studies. Some of the final conclusions are that clinical experience is always an important factor to consider, even in the face of solid evidence, to achieve the best possible management of any particular patient.

scholarly journals Some aspects of the theory of errors of doctors

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
Murat M. Makhambetchin ◽  
Kayrat T. Shakeyev
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Medical Errors ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Quality Of Medical Care ◽  
Clinical Thinking ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The development of clinical thinking and the improvement of medical care largely depend on doctors and society’s attitude to medical errors. A balanced, rational perspective to medical errors is critical with an understanding of the main aspects of medication errors. The paper presents two important aspects of the problem of medical errors - their probability and, in a sense, their routine, as well as the role of collective relationships in shaping an objective attitude of doctors to errors. The article argues that the correct action of a doctor does not mean that they are unmistakable. The factors that determine the complexity of medicine are listed. The actual and ambiguous effectiveness of the medicine is considered. It is argued that the development of evidence-based medicine is evidence of the relativity of knowledge in medicine. The basic variants of the relationship of doctors in the collective are given. The role of collegiality in improving the professional experience and quality of medical care is specified. It has been shown that the absence of objective criteria of guilt or innocence of a doctor in error exacerbates the problem of errors. It emphasizes the flaw of equating all errors with misconduct and the unilateralism of such an approach in preventing mistakes. A vicious circle is presented, where the traditionally negative attitude towards doctors who made a mistake ultimately leads to concealment of errors, a decrease in the number and quality of error analysis, stagnation in the development of clinical thinking, an increase in the number of errors and, accordingly, the legal tightening of demand for medical errors.

The influence of information technology on the development of medicine

2018 ◽  
pp. 116-126
Author(s):  
E. S. Kharlamova
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
The Future ◽  
Further Development

The review of mobile devices and wireless technologies used today in medicine developed countries in two main areas: treatment and care for patients and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Tendencies of the further development of mobile technologies in medicine are indicated. The role of artificial intelligence in the treatment of patients at the present stage and in the future is shown. Problems that inhibit the further development of artificial intelligence in medicine are identified. It is indicated that mobile health technologies can be applied to the aging part of the world's population to solve the problems associated with raising the retirement age. The directions of modern telemedicine are described as one of the ways to solve the issue of increasing life expectancy. Particular attention is paid to 3D printing of human organs with the help of a bioprinter. New professions are listed at the intersection of medicine and computer technologies, which should appear in the future for the introduction of IT technologies into traditional medicine. The main directions of future medicine development are outlined.

scholarly journals Contemporary Approaches to the Treatment of Acute Gastroenteritis in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-449
Author(s):  
Artem A. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Viral Etiology ◽  
Somatic Diseases ◽  
Based Medicine

Acute gastroenteritis is an infectious disease, often with viral etiology, which can include diarrhea (three or more loose or liquid stools in 24 hours) and the possible presence of vomiting and fever. This pathology is common disease for any pediatrician in his practice. Currently, many specialists use a variety of different guidelines and approaches to the treatment of acute gastroenteritis, thus not all of them meet the criteria of evidence-based medicine. This review presents contemporary approaches to the pharmacotherapy of acute gastroenteritis based on world experience and guidelines from developed countries. This review also covers the issues of specific prevention of rotavirus infection and the role of vaccination in prevention of certain somatic diseases.

scholarly journals The Role of Communication and Information Technology in the Health Care Providing Office

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (36) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Monea ◽  
Anca Maria Pop ◽  
Olah Peter
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Definition Of

Health informatics technology includes the information technology and electronics employed during medical care procedures and is generally known as clinical informatics. The definition of this specialty was given by the American Medical Information Association in order to describe the role of communication systems in improving the doctor-patient relationship and the quality of medical care. The aim of our investigation was to evaluate the frequency of computer based methods use by medical personnel during daily basic activities in a private dental office. An original questionnaire was sent to a target group of 200 dentists with private dental practice from Mureș County, Romania, with an age between 30-55 years with a private practice opened for at least 2 years. For statistical analysis we used SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science, version 10.1). The evaluation of results showed that dental software is considered by the majority of respondents to have an important role in improving the quality of medical act and elimination of time consuming procedures.

scholarly journals Personalized medicine: the  future of Modern Medicine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badhe Pravin ◽  
Otari Kishor ◽  
Badhe Ashwini
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
The Future ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Modern Era

Medical care is no longer a one-size-fits-all endeavour. There is a problem with the traditional or present systems of medical care because they were developed and tested on large groups of people. Consequently, the prescriptions prescribed are not suitable for every person. A certain number of medicines work very well for some people and some do not. Modern medicine relies on scientific evidence, including clinical trials, which is termed evidence-Based Medicine. It is expected that in the future, treatment will be based on algorithms that will take the patient’s genetic, epigenetic, and lifestyle characteristics into account, resulting in personalized medication.The drugs that your doctor recommends for you will be determined by your genetics, lifestyle, and environment, along with your symptoms of illness. Modern medicine has enabled humans to live longer and healthier lives.Personalized medicine is the way of thinking about medicine in the modern era. We will examine how personalized medicine will change healthcare, how artificial intelligence and personalised medicine can be combined to improve healthcare, the role of personalized medicine in pharmaceuticals, its application, and its future trajectory.

How to Assure Stable Development in Unstable Financial Environment?

2007 ◽  
pp. 4-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Market Liquidity ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Russian Stock Market ◽  
Stable Development ◽  
Financial Environment

Growing involvement of Russian economy in international economic sphere increases the role of external risks. Financial problems which the developed countries are encountered with today result in volatility of Russian stock market, liquidity problems for banks, unstable prices. These factors in total may put longer-term prospects of economic growth in jeopardy. Monetary, foreign exchange and stock market mechanisms become the centerpiece of economic policy approaches which should provide for stable development in the shaky environment.

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