Review on Legislative System of Photovoltaic Industry Development in China

As one of the world’s largest energy consumers, China is facing the challenge of growing energy demand. Under this background, China is actively implementing the concept of green development and sustainable development route. As inexhaustible green energy, solar energy, has been established as an independent energy type by the Renewable Energy Law and has a broad development prospect. At present, the industrialization level of photovoltaic manufacturing in China is constantly improving, and the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is constantly improving. However, from the perspective of the system, China’s photovoltaic industry supporting legal system is not perfect. There is a mismatch between the existing laws and industrial development needs, which restricts the future development of photovoltaic power generation in China. The legal environment is crucial to the development of a country’s relevant industries. Only with a good supporting legal system can the development and utilization of solar energy be carried out reasonably and orderly. The PV industry legislation should be adjusted and responded to in a timely manner according to the development situation of the PV industry and the PV market, so as to speed up the introduction of core laws in the PV field, continuously improve the supporting legal system, and effectively play the role of institutional protection of the law.

Negotiating Climate and Energy Futures: Prospects for Climate Compatible Recoveries in Latin America and the Caribbean

Funding agencies will play an important role in energy transitions in post-COVID recoveries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). If “done right,” they can contribute to climate compatible growth (CCG) aligned with the Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda, and also achieve the target of universal access. In this study, a comprehensive document analysis was conducted to analyse how funding institutions can help overcome pre-existing gaps and vulnerabilities, and simultaneously promote equitable energy transitions and decarbonization pathways in the region.The research findings implicate policy-making in the following ways: first, all-of-energy matrix in planning needs to be taken into account, if the projected recoveries are to be transformative and climate compatible. Second, enforceable legal and institutional frameworks that link climate and renewable energy law, with contingencies for rural and urban planning, would make it possible for local actors to take immediate action. Third, equal local access to capabilities and training can support synergies between the latest climate science, the implementation of low-carbon solutions, and cross-sectoral innovation. As a recommendation, the study proposes establishing Research & Training Centres (RTCs) at sub-national levels as an interface between climate-energy research community (local and international), climate and energy practitioners, and local communities.

What Position Should Indonesia Have in Placing Its Renewable Energy Development and Energy Transition Plan?

Indonesia’s energy face a situation of giddiness in deciding a transition that requires a much larger use of renewable energy, as the country is basically a fossil fuels one but in the other side it is demanded to contribute a bigger role in efforts to mitigate global climate change. Development of Indonesia's energy-environment policies, particularly on renewable energy is highlighted. International agreements on global climate change and Indonesia's participation are described. Foundations of the successful renewable energy development are emphasized. It recommends publishing a renewable energy law, establish regulation regarding renewable energy pricing, develop a carbon pricing system, establish organizational unit regarding energy-climate change, develop renewable energy technology, improve data quality dan grid intrconnection, implement energy conservation, encourage development of REBID and REBED.

Hybrid Models for Efficient Control, Optimization, and Monitoring of Thermo-Chemical Processes and Plants

This paper describes a procedure and an IT product that combine numerical models, expert knowledge, and data-based models through artificial intelligence (AI)-based hybrid models to enable the integrated control, optimization, and monitoring of processes and plants. The working principle of the hybrid model is demonstrated by NOx reduction through guided oscillating combustion at the pulverized fuel boiler pilot incineration plant at the Institute for Technical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. The presented example refers to coal firing, but the approach can be easily applied to any other type of nitrogen-containing solid fuel. The need for a reduction in operation and maintenance costs for biomass-fired plants is huge, especially in the frame of emission reductions and, in the case of Germany, the potential loss of funding as a result of the Renewable Energy Law (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz) for plants older than 20 years. Other social aspects, such as the departure of experienced personnel may be another reason for the increasing demand for data mining and the use of artificial intelligence (AI).

Die geförderte ausschreibungsbasierte Direktvermarktung nach dem EEG 2021

From a factual and legal perspective, the Renewable Energy Law is the catalyst for the energy transition. Comparable to the volatility of wind and photovoltaics, the legal framework is also changing. The final cesura was initiated with the introduction of a promoted tender-based direct marketing. This new approach will be for the first time subject to a comprehensive analysis. After an introduction to the technical and economic foundations, the author analyses and evaluates the normative framework under the EEG 2021. Subsequently boundaries of European- and constitutional law are elaborated.

Law, Policy, and the Development of Renewable Energy for Electricity: A Case for a Renewable Energy Law in Nigeria

Nigeria faces a perennial problem of inadequate electricity generation and supply. Electricity generation from fossil fuel sources has not succeeded in meeting the electricity needs of the country. And attempts to diversify electricity generation sources to include renewable energy sources have not been successful. Although there is a policy direction supporting the inclusion of renewable energy sources for electricity generation, the Electric Power Sector Reform Act 2005 (ESPR) has not succeeded in achieving the country's sustainable electricity drive. Nigeria needs to vigorously pursue its renewable electricity objectives through a law dedicated to encouraging uptake of renewable energy. This article examines the law and the policies underpinning Nigeria's sustainable electricity drive through a critique of the EPSR Act and the energy policy in light of Nigeria's renewable electricity objectives.