Biological variability of the most common biochemical parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Adrian Martyniak ◽  
Przemysław Tomasik
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Measured Parameter ◽  
Random Testing ◽  
Biological Variability ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Index Of Individuality

The results of laboratory tests are analyzed against reference values that are determined in a population of healthy people prepared for the test in accordance with the relevant guidelines. Such a reference system works perfectly when analyzing the results of tests of patients from whom the material for determinations was collected in similar conditions. To better match the reference values ranges are stratified, most often by gender, age, or race of the patient – the most common and the most significant biological variability. The values of the measured parameter are also influenced by within-subject biological variability to e.g. the time of the day, food consumption, or physical exercise. This variability influences the results of random testing, often performed in patients with emergencies. The measure of both of these variations is the index of individuality, i.e. the ratio of within-subject biological variability to between-subject biological variability. In the present work, the factors influencing the circadian, seasonal, and between-subject biological variations of the selected clinical chemistry parameters are presented. Knowledge about these variations is important for the physician and the supporting laboratory diagnostician, particularly helpful in the analysis of pathological or inconsistent with the clinicians' expectations results to distinguish results related to the disease from results related to biological variability.

scholarly journals Hematological and biochemical reference values of Asian house shrews (Suncus murinus) in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1514-1518
Author(s):  
Md. Kaisar Rahman ◽  
Shariful Islam ◽  
Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Jinnat Ferdous ◽  
Sazeda Akter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Alanine Transaminase ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Suncus Murinus ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

Background and Aim: Determining reference values for hematological and biochemical parameters of Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus) is important for wildlife research to protect human health in surrounding communities. This study aimed to establish the reference values for selected hematology and serum clinical chemistry analyses that may contribute to research on shrew in future. Materials and Methods: Blood samples (n=51) were collected from shrews between July and December 2015, Bangladesh, to estimate the levels of hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total leukocyte count (TLC), total erythrocyte count (TEC), lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, calcium, phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), urea, glucose, total protein (TP), creatinine, and alanine transaminase (ALT). Results: Although the values did not differ significantly among sexes, age was found to be a significant factor. Hb, PCV, TEC, glucose, and P were higher in males; eosinophil, Na, Cl, TP, and ALT were higher among females. Adults had significantly greater urea and glucose (p<0.05) while juveniles had insignificantly higher values for TLC, PCV, neutrophil, P, and TP. Conclusion: This study provides the first reference values for this species in Bangladesh and can be used to guide wildlife research studies.

scholarly journals Pregnancy-associated changes of serum biochemical values in Lipizzaner broodmares

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boglárka Vincze ◽  
Orsolya Kutasi ◽  
Ferenc Baska ◽  
Ottó Szenci
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aspartate Transaminase

The aims of this study were to detect physiological changes in blood biochemical parameters throughout gestation, to compare the findings in nonpregnant and pregnant Lipizzaner mares in early-mid and late pregnancy, and to provide reference values for clinical chemistry parameters in this horse breed. A total of 136 venous blood samples were collected from 20 pregnant and 10 nonpregnant (control) asymptomatic Lipizzaner broodmares for biochemical analyses. Twelve parameters (albumin, total protein, urea, triglycerides, glucose, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase, gammaglutamyltransferase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase) were measured. For the statistical analyses, correlation, analysis of variance and Kruskal–Wallis H-test were used to evaluate the possible associations between parameters. Serum triglyceride levels proved to be significantly different in pregnant mares compared to the control group. Total protein and urea levels significantly decreased, while glucose, triglyceride and glutamate dehydrogenase values increased from approx. the fifth month of gestation until parturition. Four biochemical parameters (albumin, aspartate transaminase, total protein and urea) were lower and three other variables (glucose, alkaline phosphatase and creatinine) were significantly higher in late-term pregnant mares than in mares in early or mid-gestation. It is concluded that reference values not only reflect the species, breed and sex but also the reproductive status of animals.

Estimating clinical chemistry reference values based on an existing data set of unselected animals

2008 ◽  
Vol 178 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corrado Dimauro ◽  
Piero Bonelli ◽  
Paola Nicolussi ◽  
Salvatore P.G. Rassu ◽  
Aldo Cappio-Borlino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Existing Data

Annual biological variation and personalized reference intervals of clinical chemistry and hematology analytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Wang ◽  
Min Zhao ◽  
Zihan Su ◽  
Runqing Mu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Biological Variation ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Reference Change Value ◽  
Index Of Individuality ◽  
Personalized Diagnosis

Abstract Objectives A large number of people undergo annual health checkup but accurate laboratory criterion for evaluating their health status is limited. The present study determined annual biological variation (BV) and derived parameters of common laboratory analytes in order to accurately evaluate the test results of the annual healthcare population. Methods A total of 43 healthy individuals who had regular healthcare once a year for six consecutive years, were enrolled using physical, electrocardiogram, ultrasonography and laboratory. The annual BV data and derived parameters, such as reference change value (RCV) and index of individuality (II) were calculated and compared with weekly data. We used annual BV and homeostatic set point to calculate personalized reference intervals (RIper) which were compared with population-based reference intervals (RIpop). Results We have established the annual within-subject BV (CVI), RCV, II, RIper of 24 commonly used clinical chemistry and hematology analytes for healthy individuals. Among the 18 comparable measurands, CVI estimates of annual data for 11 measurands were significantly higher than the weekly data. Approximately 50% measurands of II were <0.6, the utility of their RIpop were limited. The distribution range of RIper for most measurands only copied small part of RIpop with reference range index for 8 measurands <0.5. Conclusions Compared with weekly BV, for annual healthcare individuals, annual BV and related parameters can provide more accurate evaluation of laboratory results. RIper based on long-term BV data is very valuable for “personalized” diagnosis on annual health assessments.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake of Vitamin D in the Czech Population: A Comparison with Dietary Reference Values, Main Food Sources Identified by a Total Diet Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svatava Bischofova ◽  
Marcela Dofkova ◽  
Jitka Blahova ◽  
Radek Kavrik ◽  
Jana Nevrla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Total Diet Study ◽  
Czech Population ◽  
Dietary Reference Values ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
Diet Study

The usual dietary intake of vitamin D was studied in 10 subgroups of the Czech population. Food consumption data was collected using repeated 24 h recall in a national cross-sectional survey (the Study of Individual Food Consumption, SISP04), and the vitamin D content in marketed foods was quantified within the national Total Diet Study (2014–2015). The Monte Carlo Risk Assessment computational model (version MCRA 8.2) was used to assess usual intake. The median vitamin D intakes for the Czech population (aged 4–90 years, both genders) were within a range of 2.5–5.1 μg/day. The highest median intake, excluding dietary supplements, was observed in men aged 18–64, and the lowest was observed in children aged 4–6 and girls aged 11–17. The main sources in the diet were hen eggs (21–28% of usual dietary intake), fine bakery wares (11–19%), cow’s milk and dairy products (7–23%), meat and meat products (4–12%), fish (6–20%), and margarines (7–18%). The dietary intake of vitamin D for more than 95% of the Czech population was below the recommended Dietary Reference Values (DRVs). These findings should encourage public health authorities to support interventions and education and implement new regulatory measures for improving intake.

scholarly journals Reference values of 23 clinically important biochemical parameters in 107 normal pleasure horses residing in northern Greece

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
N. DIAKAKIS (Ν.ΔΙΑΚΑΚΗΣ) ◽  
M. E. MYLONAKIS (Μ. Ε. ΜΥΛΩΝΑΚΗΣ) ◽  
N. ROUBIES (Ν. ΡΟΥΜΠΙΕΣ) ◽  
C. KOUTINAS (Χ.Κ. ΚΟΥΤΙΝΑΣ) ◽  
A. FYTIANOU (Α. ΦΥΤΙΑΝΟΥ) ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Biochemical Parameter ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Biochemical Profile ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Abnormal Increase

The purpose of this study was το establish die reference values of die most useful biochemical parameters from a clinical ροίητ of view in pleasure horses kept in northern greek riding clubs. This biochemical profile included a total of 23 parameters such as Urtai proteins, albumins, globulins, the albumin/globulin ratio, urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, total and direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotrasferase (ALT), aspartate aminotrasferase (AST), gamma-glutamylotransferase (γ-GT), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogonase (LDH), sorbitol dehydrogonase (SD), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), sodium (Na) and magnesium (Mg). A total of 107 horses, which had been considered clinically normal on historical, clinical and hematological grounds, were sampled. All the measurements were done in the blood serum, applying the relevant methods and reagents which are normally used in the Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Clinical Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, A.U.T.. Besides the establishment of the reference interval for each biochemical parameter, all the factors that may cause an abnormal increase or decrease are discussed accordingly.

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