perception analysis
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2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tilak Ratnanather ◽  
Lydia C. Wang ◽  
Seung-Ho Bae ◽  
Erin R. O'Neill ◽  
Elad Sagi ◽  
...  

Objective: Speech tests assess the ability of people with hearing loss to comprehend speech with a hearing aid or cochlear implant. The tests are usually at the word or sentence level. However, few tests analyze errors at the phoneme level. So, there is a need for an automated program to visualize in real time the accuracy of phonemes in these tests.Method: The program reads in stimulus-response pairs and obtains their phonemic representations from an open-source digital pronouncing dictionary. The stimulus phonemes are aligned with the response phonemes via a modification of the Levenshtein Minimum Edit Distance algorithm. Alignment is achieved via dynamic programming with modified costs based on phonological features for insertion, deletions and substitutions. The accuracy for each phoneme is based on the F1-score. Accuracy is visualized with respect to place and manner (consonants) or height (vowels). Confusion matrices for the phonemes are used in an information transfer analysis of ten phonological features. A histogram of the information transfer for the features over a frequency-like range is presented as a phonemegram.Results: The program was applied to two datasets. One consisted of test data at the sentence and word levels. Stimulus-response sentence pairs from six volunteers with different degrees of hearing loss and modes of amplification were analyzed. Four volunteers listened to sentences from a mobile auditory training app while two listened to sentences from a clinical speech test. Stimulus-response word pairs from three lists were also analyzed. The other dataset consisted of published stimulus-response pairs from experiments of 31 participants with cochlear implants listening to 400 Basic English Lexicon sentences via different talkers at four different SNR levels. In all cases, visualization was obtained in real time. Analysis of 12,400 actual and random pairs showed that the program was robust to the nature of the pairs.Conclusion: It is possible to automate the alignment of phonemes extracted from stimulus-response pairs from speech tests in real time. The alignment then makes it possible to visualize the accuracy of responses via phonological features in two ways. Such visualization of phoneme alignment and accuracy could aid clinicians and scientists.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izunna Okpala ◽  
Guillermo Romera Rodriguez ◽  
Weibing Zheng ◽  
Shane Halse ◽  
Jess Kropczynski

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Elena Kokthi ◽  
Elda Muço ◽  
Mélanie Requier-Desjardins ◽  
Fatmir Guri

This paper aims to map the ecosystem services (ES) provided by a reputed agropastoral ecosystem in the south of Albania and ascertain whether social capital affects the level of importance attributed to them. A perception analysis of both buyers and sellers of ES within the pastoral ecosystem is undertaken. The pastoral ecosystem is mainly evaluated for cultural services such as tradition, enhancing the area’s image, and environment ES. The strong inclination towards cultural ES and socioeconomic services indicates a lack of awareness of both buyers and sellers of ES in the local community regarding the environmental aspects of their ecosystem. However, participants showing a higher radius of trust with high linking social capital are more likely to confer very high importance to environmental services. Similarly, the cultural ES (traditional aspect) of the pastoral ecosystem is affected by cognitive and structural social capital. These are interesting findings for public policymaking concerning the opportunity to develop market transaction ES. Its development is more ground-based and effective if participation and civic engagement, especially the Linking dimension, is enhanced in the pastoral community.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14(63) (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
Alexandra Zamfirache ◽  

This paper examines corruption from the perspective of business ethics. It is known that corruption negatively affects the development of countries in several ways: it reduces growth, chases away foreign investors and channels investments, loans and aid funds, the so-called White Elephant Projects. Corruption has a very high price for the poorest, who are denied access to basic goods and services, and this paper shows that the poor suffer the most from corruption. Based on the annual index provided by Transparency International, it can be observed that, in general, some of the richest countries in the world (like: Finland, Denmark, New Zealand, Canada, Iceland, Singapore and Sweden) consistently record a low level of corruption.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-164
Author(s):  
Rizka Nugrahaeni ◽  
Christine Tjen

ABSTRACT: Classifying goods based on the Harmonized System (HS) is practical knowledge in Customs. This study analyzes the Harmonized System's perception differences in tariff disputes. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the considerations of the Indonesian Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DGCE) in determining the classification of tariff based on the Harmonized System, the review of the tax court judge in deciding dispute verdict and its overall effect on tax refund. This research is a case study with qualitative research methods in the form of document studies and interviews. Keywords: Harmonized System, HS Code, Import Tax ABSTRAK Mengklasifikasikan barang berdasarkan Harmonized System (HS) adalah pengetahuan praktis dalam Bea Cukai. Studi ini menganalisis perbedaan persepsi Harmonized System dalam sengketa tarif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan dan menganalisis pertimbangan Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai Indonesia (DJBC) dalam menentukan klasifikasi tarif berdasarkan Harmonized System, pertimbangan hakim pengadilan pajak dalam menentukan putusan sengketa dan pengaruhnya secara keseluruhan terhadap pengembalian pajak. Penelitian ini adalah studi kasus dengan metode penelitian kualitatif dalam bentuk studi dokumen dan wawancara. Kata kunci: Harmonized System, HS Code, Pajak Impor


Author(s):  
Anupama Desai ◽  
Neeta Banzal

Background: Conventionally, in most medical colleges, didactic lectures form a major part of teaching, however this method of teaching has many limitations. There has been a paradigm shift in teaching learning methods which now favor enhanced student involvement. Small group discussion (SGD) is one such method which has been frequently compared with didactic lectures. This study aims to compare these two teaching learning methods.Methods: This was a randomized prospective cross sectional, comparative study carried out with 120 second MBBS students of Pharmacology. The students were randomly divided into two groups. Group A was taught by conventional didactic method and group B learnt the same topic by SGD method. For the next topic there was a crossover. After a week students appeared for a test and were asked to fill a 5-point Likert scale perception analysis form.Results: The post-test average scores for didactic lecture were 6.42±2.43 and for SGD were 6.15±2.70 (p value 0.4167). About 88% students agree (50% strongly agree and 38% agree) that SGD is motivating, 85% student agree that SGD is interesting form of learning however 26% student feel that some student dominated in the SGD and 33% student felt more comfortable in lectures.Conclusions: The perception analysis showed that majority of the students found SGD better than didactic lectures in terms of learning, involvement, clearing doubts, increasing self-confidence however analysis of the test scores showed no statistically significant difference amongst the marks obtained after didactic lectures or small group discussion.


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