Influence of aeration rate and method of process activation on the degree of purification of zinc-containing waste water by ferritization

The aeration rate for the degree of purification of highly concentrated galvanic wastewater from zinc and ferrum ions was investigated using various activation methods. It is shown that the intensity of aeration has a significant effect on the quality of wastewater treatment and the characteristics of water treatment sludge. The efficiency of the use of an energy-saving method for activating the ferritization process with the use of electromagnetic pulses for the extraction of zinc ions from wastewater has been confirmed. It was determined that with an increase in the aeration rate to 3.5 dm3/min per 1 dm3 of the reaction mixture and the use of thermal activation of the process, the residual concentration of zinc ions remains within the range of 0.12÷0.2 mg/dm3. In this case, the concentration of ferrum ions decreases to values of 0.08÷0.14 mg/dm3. It was found that at an aeration rate of 2.5 dm3/min and the use of pulsed electromagnetic (EMP) activation, the residual concentrations of heavy metal ions decrease to values of 0.08÷0.16 mg/dm3. Comparison of the results indicates the advisability of using low rates of aeration of the reaction mixture. This, together with the use of resource-saving EMR process activation, allows to achieve a significant reduction in energy costs. The quantitative phase composition of ferritization precipitates was determined, in which the crystalline phases of zinc ferrite Zn2Fe2O4 and magnetite Fe3O4, as well as ferrum oxyhydroxide FeO (OH) and sodium sulfate Na2SO4, prevail. It is found that with an increase in the volumetric aeration rate, the proportion of the ferrite phase increases. At an aeration rate of 2.0 dm3/min, more than 85 % of the zinc ferrite phase was found in the sediments. Taking into account the qualitative and quantitative composition of precipitates, it is recommended to use them in the production of building materials. The experimental results obtained make it possible to provide a comprehensive processing of liquid galvanic waste.

RECOVERY OF WASTE OINTMENTS BY ULTRAFILTRATION METHOD

Ultrafiltration devices are currently being developed and manufactured around the world, and productivity varies greatly from 1 to 300,000 m/day. In practice, ultrafiltration parameters are used and performed in batch, semi-periodic and continuous modes. Continuous and semi-periodic modes are mainly used for large volumes of liquids. In the case of a small volume, the batch mode prefers the continuous mode - the area of the membrane is smaller and it is easier to clean. The deposition of spent grease is based on the fact that mechanical impurities and water are in a suspended state and settle over time. When selecting the process of restoring the quality of the lubricant to the required level, first use a mechanical cleaning method to remove free water and hard dirt. In practice, rough cleaning of the lubricant is carried out using filter elements made of metal mesh with a filtration fineness of 60 ... 80 μm. A complex filter element made of non-woven materials is used for fine cleaning. Type of oil filter "FMN" (cleaning accuracy 15 ... 20 microns). However, these filters cannot provide a degree of purification of the spent lubricant, as the latter contains a large amount of carbon contaminants, preferably with a particle size of less than 5 μm. In the process of ultrafiltration of oil, the initial stream is separated and concentrated. Varnish, resin and other small contaminants are retained by the superporous layer on the surface and are continuously washed away by a tangential flow of purified oil. Only cleaned grease can pass through the membrane. This allows for a long filtration process without replacing the membrane filter element. The ultrafiltration process is performed at a pressure of 0.3-1 MPa and a flow rate of 2-5 m/s, using membranes with a size of 0.1-0.005 μm.

THE STUDY OF THE SORPTION PROPERTIES OF FILTERING MATERIALS BASED ON TITANIUM PHOSPHATE - POROUS TITANIUM COMPOSITION

Inorganic sorbents are more selective in comparison with commercial ion exchange resins towards of metal ions. However, inorganic sorbents characterized not high kinetic properties. One of the way to increase the kinetic rate of inorganic sorbents is to reduce the particle size of these materials, other way is synthesizing inorganic sorbents as porous products from powder materials. A sample of such inorganic sorbents is titanium phosphate of various compositions. Studying the properties of microfilters based on composition titanium phosphate - porous titanium has been developed. The sorbents based on acidic titanium phosphate Ti(HPO4)2∙H2O were used for filtering solution with Fe(II) content. It is found that the number of impregnations with inorganic sorbent modificator is important and influence filtration process. The obtained results demonstrated that after the first impregnation of porous material with a smaller pore size, it is possible to obtain such sorbent as a mass content of powder material. By varying the ionic form of titanium phosphate, the porosity of titanium, the amount of impregnation, it could be possible effect on the sorption Fe(II). The sorption properties of titanium-titanium phosphate microfilters were studied by potentiometric titration in the NaCl-NaOH system, as well as the sorption of Fe2+ ions. The degree of purification for Fe(II) from solution with a concentration of 10 mg/l is 64 %. Application an electric potential to the microfilter of porous titanium - phosphate titanium increases the degree of purification of Fe(II) to 88 %.

INNOVATIVE METHOD OF NITRIFICATION AND DENITRIFICATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT OF KOLOMYIA

The article is devoted to the unsatisfactory operation of biological wastewater treatment plants. At present in Ukraine there are no developments of equipment and devices to ensure the operation of treatment facilities using the technology of nitridenitrification of deep wastewater treatment from nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. The analysis of the equipment of biological treatment systems - nitri treatment plant - denitrifier, clarifier tanks is carried out. At the same time, the standards of the degree of purification of both Ukraine and the European Union were taken into account. On the example of treatment facilities in Kolomyia, Ivano-Frankovsk region, modern schemes of biological wastewater treatment for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus have been proposed, namely, the re-equipment of single-corridor aerotanks into bioreactors of nitridenitrifiers by creating zones with different oxygen conditions in their volume.

Reduction o Air Pollution from Fine Dust by Increasing Efficiency of Gas Emission Purification Sintering Furnaces

The installation of an additional stage of the "wet" waste gas purification unit at the alumina sintering furnaces ensured the achievement of a high degree of purification of gas emissions from fine impurities up to 96 % and the standards of maximum permissible emissions of solid pollutants into the atmosphere established for an industrial enterprise. The formed slude after gas cleaning is proposed to be sent for further processing to the hydrochemistry workshop, thereby ensuring its disposal without contamination of the natural environment. The analysis of air pollution indicators confirmed a decrease in emissions of solid pollutants in the atmospheric air of Achinsk.

Prospects and Development of Research of Composite Elastomer Materials

The aim of this work is to study the effect of new modified ingredients on the complex of properties of composite elastomeric materials. It was found that the introduction of modified ingredients into the composition of elastomeric compositions enhances interfacial interaction at the «rubber-filler» interface and the formation of additional bonds between rubber macromolecules and functional groups, as a result of which an improvement in the complex of properties of the compositions is observed. The introduction of modified carbon into the composition of elastomeric compositions enhances interfacial interaction at the «rubber-filler» interface and the formation of additional bonds between rubber macromolecules and functional groups of the oligomer, as a result of which an improvement in the complex of properties of the compositions is observed. The technology of purification of mineral fillers from metal oxides has been developed. A sufficiently high degree of purification by this method is due to the fact that in the process of temperature exposure at 950 K, iron ions from the paramagnetic state (d-form Fe2O3) pass into ferromagnetic (r-form Fe3O4). Feasibility and prospects of using modified fillers, both mineral and organic, in the formulations of rubber compounds for the production of various types of rubber products

Colloid-Chemical Regularities of Reagent Wastewater Treatment of Dairies

A comparative characterization of chemical reagents Al2(SO4)3, FeSO4 and FeCl3 in the process of wastewater treatment of dairies. The colloid-chemical regularities of the course of hydrolysis of chemical reagents depending on the nature, concentration and acidity of wastewater are established. It was found that the greatest degree of purification from ether-soluble substances 87-88% is provided by the addition of FeCl3 at a concentration of 150-200 mg / l at a pH of 9.5-10.

A Radionuclide Generator of High-Purity Bi-213 for Instant Labeling

A new two-column 225Ac/213Bi generator was developed specifically for using 225Ac containing an impurity of long lived 227Ac. The parent 225Ac was retained on the first Actinide Resin column, while 213Bi was accumulated on the second column filled with AG MP-50 resin via continuous elution and decay of intermediate 221Fr. The 213Bi accumulation was realized in circulation mode which allowed a compact generator design. It was demonstrated that 213Bi could be quickly and effectively extracted from AG MP-50 in form of complexes with various chelating agents including DTPA and DOTA. The performance of the generator presented and a conventional single-column generator on the base of AG MP-50 was tested and both generators were loaded with 225Ac containing 227Ac impurity. The 213Bi generation efficiencies were comparable and greater than 70%, whereas the developed generator provided a deeper degree of purification of 213Bi from Ac isotopes and decay products of 227Ac.

Dipinaconborate additives in solutions for washing parts of automotive vehicles

It is shown that the addition of 3 % wt. lithium, sodium and potassium dipinaconborates to a 5% Temp-100A solution achiev es the highest v alues of the degree of purification and the lowest values of the contact angle of wetting of the metal surface. The 20 steel corrosion rate decreases to 8⋅10-3 g / (m2∙h) and 4⋅10-3 g / (m2∙h) respectively after 24 h and 120 h of testing. The corrosion rate is 32⋅10-3 g / (m2∙h) and 24⋅10-3 g / (m2∙h) respectively in a 5% solution Temp-100A without additives.

Analysis of individual biologically active compounds from root crop extracts of purple alfalfa (medicago sativa) in vitro

The authors selected the parameters for obtaining root cultures in vitro Medicago sativa. The number of cell culture lines studied is 15. The duration of the growth cycle is less than 50 days. The number of processed explants is 75. The growth characteristics of root cultures of in vitro purple alfalfa (Medicago sativa) were studied. The growth index for the dry biomass of the in vitro root culture of alfalfa was 31. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the composition of BAS in the biomass of the obtained root cultures of in vitro alfalfa (Medicago sativa) was carried out. Unique biologically active substances (not previously described for alfalfa) were identified.): apigenin, naringenin, myricetin, chrysoeriol, coumestrol, and scopoletin. Rational parameters of isolation of individual BAS from the extract of root cultures of in vitro alfalfa (Medicago sativa) were selected. The degree of extraction of individual BAS is 80%. Methods of purification of individual BAS Medicago sativa have been developed. The degree of purification of individual BAS is 95%.