Evaluating witness testimony: Juror knowledge, false memory, and the utility of evidence-based directions

Eyewitness evidence is often important in criminal cases, but false or misleading eyewitness evidence is known to be a leading cause of wrongful convictions. One explanation for mistakes that jurors are making when evaluating eyewitness evidence is their lack of accurate knowledge relating to false memory. This article examines lay beliefs relating to memory and ways in which they diverge from expert consensus. It identifies ways in which current directions provided to jurors in this area are likely to be deficient in influencing juror knowledge and in helping them apply that knowledge in a case context, and develops criteria that can be used to assess the likely effectiveness of directions. A new evidence-based training direction is designed based on these criteria, and tested in a mock jury study (N = 411). Results suggest that the proposed direction is more effective than a basic direction in influencing juror knowledge and facilitating the application of that knowledge to case facts.

About the B-spline wavelet discrete-continual finite element method of the local plate analysis

Introduction. This distinctive paper addresses the local semi-analytical solution to the problem of plate analysis. Isotropic plates featuring the regularity (constancy) of physical and geometric parameters (modulus of elasticity of the plate material, Poisson’s ratio of the plate material, dimensions of the cross section of the plate) along one direction (dimension) are under consideration. This direction is conventionally called the basic direction. Materials and methods. The B-spline wavelet discrete-continual finite element method (DCFEM) is used. The initial operational formulation of the problem was constructed using the theory of distribution and the so-called method of extended domain, proposed by Prof. Alexander B. Zolotov. Results. Some relevant issues of construction of normalized basis functions of the B-spline are considered; the technique of approximation of corresponding vector functions and operators within DCFEM is described. The problem remains continual if analyzed along the basic direction, and its exact analytical solution can be obtained, whereas the finite element approximation is used in combination with a wavelet analysis apparatus in respect of the non-basic direction. As a result, we can obtain a discrete-continual formulation of the problem. Thus, we have a multi-point (in particular, two-point) boundary problem for the first-order system of ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients. A special correct analytical method of solving such problems was developed, described and verified in the numerous papers of the co-authors. In particular, we consider the simplest sample analysis of a plate (rectangular in plan) fixed along the side faces exposed to the influence of the load concentrated in the center of the plate. Conclusions. The solution to the verification problem obtained using the proposed version of wavelet-based DCFEM was in good agreement with the solution obtained using the conventional finite element method (the corresponding solutions were constructed with and without localization; these solutions almost completely coincided, while the advantages of the numerical-analytical approach were quite obvious). It is shown that the use of B-splines of various degrees within wavelet-based DCFEM leads to a significant reduction in the number of unknowns.

Existing Approaches and Development Perspectives for Inferences

Statistical hypotheses testing is one of the basic direction of mathematical statistics the methods of which are widely used in theoretical research and practical applications. These methods are widely used in medical researches too. Scientists of different fields, among them of medical too, that are not experts in statistics, are often faced with the dilemma of which method to use for solving the problem they are interested. The article is devoted to helping the specialists in solving this problem and in finding the optimal resolution. For this purpose, here are very simple and clearly explained the essences of the existed approaches and are shown their positive and negative sides and are given the recommendations about their use depending on existed information and the aim that must be reached as a result of an investigation.

Innovation and its importance in the context of a company’s marketing strategy

The current business environment is characterized by high competition between companies as well as global challenges and growing technological progress. Businesses must constantly adapt to changes in the business environment, changes in the market environment and the constantly changing requirements of customers. There are currently several tools and ways to respond to these changes. One of the most important areas can be considered corporate strategy, because it determines the basic direction of the company. An important area is also marketing, which affects the overall business activity. Determining the right marketing strategy has an important impact on the overall direction of the company. Another important element of the current time in the field of business is innovation, which can be considered a basic prerequisite for the success of the company. The issue of innovation management is currently one of the basic conditions for maintaining a market position and maintaining competitiveness. The aim of the article is to point out the theoretical basis of the corporate strategy, marketing strategy and the importance of innovation in business. Subsequently, based on secondary findings, we analyze available selected data related to innovation in Slovakia.

From Goods-dominant logic to Service-dominant logic

In recent decades, the role of consumers in the marketing process has become more valuable to marketers. The previous theory – which focused only on the product itself and the services – has now become completely obsolete. This approach is called GDL, which is an acronym that stands for “Goods-dominant logic”. The need for a paradigm shift has also been recognized by professionals, so they have increasingly begun to develop theories that put customers at the center. This shift did not occur from one moment to the next. With the development of newer and newer theories, the theory that changed the basic direction of marketing appeared by the end of the 2000s. This new paradigm is linked to researchers Lusch and Vargo. Their study titled “Evolving to a New Dominant Logic for Marketing” was published in 2004 in a professional journal called Journal of Marketing. The new policy is now called Service-dominant logic, abbreviated SDL. However, this theory is still not fully accepted. In some cases, shortcomings can be identified, mainly in terms of practical implementation. Furthermore, some research show that some elements or tools of the previous theory - GDL - cannot be completely omitted due to their simple applicability.

Konsili Vatikan II Ortodoks atau Anti-Kristus? Ulasan tentang Kritik Kalangan Konservatif terhadap Konsili Vatikan II

<p><strong><em></em></strong><em>This article is based on a video by a conservative group in Indonesia that describes the position of Archbishop Vigano and has been circulating in Indonesia recently. The video argues that the Second Vatican Council left the true Church of Jesus Christ and created the Antichrist Church. In particular, they reject the teachings set forth in the Nostra Aetate decree regarding the truths contained in non-Christian religions and also the position regarding religious freedom as taught in the Dignitatis Humanae declaration. Because they do not agree with the basic direction of the teachings of the Second Vatican Council, they also demand that all council documents be canceled. This article responds to this conservative position by asserting and showing that the Church of Jesus Christ is not always the same, but Jesus brought a spirit into the world and the people who live according to that spirit must always seek new institutional forms in accordance with the development of society. It is according to this basic view that the conservative position is corrected by showing some of the historical facts and developments of theology throughout the history of the Church.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: Archbishop Vigano; Second Vatican Council; Nostra Aetate; freedom of religion; Church of Jesus Christ</em></p>

PAROKI BERAKAR LINGKUNGAN: MUPAS II DALAM PERSPEKTIF KONSILI DAN PASCAKONSILI VATIKAN II

The Second Pastoral Consultation of the Diocese of Surabaya held on October 18th-20th 2019 declared the Pastoral Strategic Policy of the Diocese of Surabaya for 2020-2030, formulated in these words: “In the spirit of the Basic Direction, the Catholic Church of the Diocese of Surabaya matures lingkungan rooted parishes present in the middle of the society”. This article wants to know in what matters and how strong this Diocese of Surabaya’s Pastoral Strategic Policy is connected to the voices of the pastors of the universal Church, especially those echoed in the doctrine of the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965) and that of the subsequent period. It is hoped that such reflection brought a clearer vision and understanding regarding such an important policy, granted that it will lead the faithful people of the Catholic Church of the Diocese of Surabaya in their pilgrimage to God in this world for the next 10 years. By knowing its connectedness with the voices of the pastors of the universal Church, it is expected that the faithful people of the Diocese of Surabaya would be more aware of the voice of Jesus Christ, the Good Pastor, who himself leads his flock to the green pastures of love shared in faith and hope with peoples they enconter.