Global Justice

This chapter turns to a normative premise in the social cohesion argument for restrictive immigration policies, according to which states should bring about (substantive) equality. This premise assumes a particular version of egalitarianism, according to which equality has domestic scope only (the focus is, after all, only on the impact of immigration in the receiving society). However, it is argued that equality has global scope. It is also argued that immigration, and in particular South–North migration, has a positive impact on global equality, due to the fact that migrants can achieve a higher standard of living and tend to send back remittances to their families in their country of origin. A number of objections to this argument are also considered, and it is argued that while immigration policy is not the most important policy for improving global equality, more open borders nevertheless have a role to play.

Non-tariff measures a trade barrier for developing countries’ agricultural processed products exports

The paper analyses the trade barriers that thwart diversification efforts of developing countries into exports of value-added agricultural processed products. It examines the extent to which non-tariff measures act as market access barriers that constrain agricultural processed products exports from developing countries. The analysis shows that the prevalence of non-tariff measures (including domestic non-tariff measures) limit the ability of developing countries to increase their agricultural processed exports. This has important policy implications in terms of the emphasis that trade negotiators and policy planners should place on addressing non-tariff measures both in the domestic and foreign markets.

The Singapore Green Plan 2030: Analysing its implications on law and the legal industry in Singapore

While sustainability has always been an important policy imperative in Singapore, the advent of the Singapore Green Plan 2030 marks a significant development in this regard. Announced in February 2021, the Green Plan represents a concerted national-level strategic shift towards advancing the sustainability agenda in Singapore. With sustainable development now being a ‘major policy priority’, it is inevitable that the Green Plan will have important legal implications, each of which will be identified and analysed in this paper. More broadly, however, the paper also suggests that the Green Plan will open up valuable opportunities for environmental law to receive greater attention and become a mainstream legal discipline in Singapore.

Trends in changing history teaching in Hungary (1990–2020)

Our study seeks to outline the defining trends and phenomena of Hungarian public education and teacher training – with a focus on Hungarian history teaching – between 1990 and 2020. The authors were, on various levels and to various degrees, participants, and at times influential actors, in the processes presented in this study. From this, and as a consequence of their convictions, they advocate the aspect of continuity in the interest of maintaining Hungarian traditions, as well as the perspectives of renewal in the interest of implementing new Hungarian and foreign thinking, approaches and innovations. This mosaic-like overview seeks to outline the main pillars of the context of Hungarian history teaching with the use of fundamental professional literature from the period on pedagogy and history didactics. The focus of the study is history teaching, and for a better understanding of its processes we highlight some important policy decisions and documents. We wish to show the education policy, pedagogical and educational-methodological environment in which the journal articles that provide the backbone of the volume were formulated.

Innovation Vouchers and the Sustainable Growth of High-Tech SMEs: Evidence from China

Innovation has become an essential source of sustainable growth for most firms, especially small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Governments around the world widely implement innovation vouchers to promote innovation in SMEs. This study empirically explores the effects of innovation vouchers in stimulating patentable innovation and ultimately enhancing firms’ financial performance. Using a panel of 1274 listed SMEs from the Small and Medium Enterprise Board (SMEB) and the Growth Enterprise Board (GEB), we find that innovation vouchers lead firms to utilize knowledge-intensive services and significantly increase their financial performance. We further document that patentable innovations mediate the relationship between innovation vouchers and firms’ financial performance. We report that the effects of innovation vouchers on financial performance are more prominent for SMEs with limited external informational resources. We believe that our study yields novel evidence and sheds further light on the important policy implications of innovation vouchers to facilitate the sustainable growth of SMEs.

Struggling Mideast states will call on Arab identity

Significance The League itself has long been a talking-shop with minimal influence, and Arabism has declined sharply in salience since its heights in the 1960s. Nonetheless, references to common Arab identity are still an important policy tool in the region, used in multiple different contexts. Impacts At a local level, land disputes between Arabs and Kurds in Syria and Iraq will become more explosive. The language of Arabism will often be used to justify decisions made for interest-based reasons. Identity issues are used to stir constituencies in Libya too, as some western Libyans are often referred to as 'Turks'.

PENGARUH KEPEMILIKAN INSTITUSIONAL, KEBIJAKAN HUTANG, PROFITABILITAS DAN LIKUIDITAS TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR CONSUMER AND GOOD DI BEI PERIODE 2018-2020

Issuance of shares is one option in choosing a company in making decisions to finance a company. Arizki & et al. (2019) explains that the company's dividend policy is a very important policy because it involves investors who are a source of capital for the company. Therefore, researchers conduct research on constitutional ownership, debt policy, profitability and liquidity on dividend policy. This study uses the object of research on customer and good companies listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange. This study uses a sample from 2018 to 2020. This study is a causal descriptive study. The method in this research is targeted sampling to get a representative sample. The company that is the research sample must meet several criteria, so that the sample taken is in accordance with the provisions of the researcher. Which this study resulted in a simultaneous influence between the independent variables on the dependent variableIssuance of shares is one option in choosing a company in making decisions to finance a company. Arizki & et al. (2019) explains that the company's dividend policy is a very important policy because it involves investors who are a source of capital for the company. Therefore, researchers conduct research on constitutional ownership, debt policy, profitability and liquidity on dividend policy. This study uses the object of research on customer and good companies listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange. This study uses a sample from 2018 to 2020. This study is a causal descriptive study. The method in this research is targeted sampling to get a representative sample. The company that is the research sample must meet several criteria, so that the sample taken is in accordance with the provisions of the researcher. Which this study resulted in a simultaneous influence between the independent variables on the dependent variable

Globalization mitigates the risk of conflict caused by strategic territory

Globalization is routinely blamed for various ills, including fueling conflict in strategic locations. To investigate whether these accusations are well founded, we have built a database to assess any given location’s strategic importance. Consistent with our game-theoretic model of strategic interaction, we find that overall fighting is more frequent in strategic locations close to maritime choke points (e.g., straits or capes), but that booming world trade openness considerably reduces the risks of conflict erupting in such strategic locations. The impact is quantitatively sizable, as moving one SD (1,100 km) closer to a choke point increases the conflict likelihood by 25% of the baseline risk in periods of low globalization, while reducing it during world trade booms. Our results have important policy implications for supranational coordination.

On the landscape of youth participation in science policy

Despite being important policy stakeholders, the youth remain largely absent from policy building and implementation. However, the growing literature has vividly illustrated the capacity of the youth from diverse age groups to make meaningful contributions to policy. In particular, university students are emerging as significant actors in science policy owing to their unique perspectives and knowledge. By drawing from the literature, we emphasize that the youth are capable of directly contributing to diverse policy matters while also indirectly benefiting from their participation. Consequently, there is a crucial need for initiating programs for promoting youth participation. Furthermore, to ensure the fruitfulness of such programs, more systematic research ought to be done with regards to the accomplishments and challenges of youth participation.

Snap Judgements and Availability Bias in Travel Decisions

Past research has explored how travelers make economic decisions, but only a small number of papers look at financial nudges and price anchoring—how they might cause travelers to make snap judgements about value that undermine rational economic principles. This research explores the behavioral response to different kinds of incentives. It finds that, consistent with theory, when presented with two numbers certain individuals will anchor to a higher number and be willing to pay more. Likewise, it finds that certain consumers are not able to quickly make judgements about the cost of travel. When the survey participants were offered daily or monthly payment plans, payments each day were valued almost twice as much as a single payment each month. This offers important policy considerations for public agencies seeking to reduce driving, particularly as new disruptive platforms emerge and new technology allows for more dynamic and curated data to be used to nudge travel behavior.