Opposing Discourses of Terror:

The primary goal of the paper is to examine how the Turkish and Russian Governments are using the term terrorist in their diplomatic communication towards the Syrian conflict. Following the introduction, the study outlines the theoretical framework – namely the securitisation theory –, then presents a concept of terrorism, which is focusing on the instrumentalisation of the terrorist label in discursive processes. Henceforward, the paper attempts to accomplish the aforementioned goal by examining the Turkish and Russian security discourses on two interrelated issues of the Syrian war: Turkey’s Operation Peace Spring in October 2019, and the Russian–Syrian offensive codenamed Operation Dawn of Idlib between April 2019 and March 2020. Based on the detailed analysis of relevant speeches and articles given or written by high-ranking Russian and Turkish diplomats, the paper displays how the two states justified their military interventions, defined their own roles, and framed the non-governmental actors involved in the conflicts. According to the conclusion of the author, despite the numerous similarities in their discourses, Turkey and Russia define oppositely, who is, and who is not a terrorist in Syria, which constitutes a major collision point between their geostrategic perspectives.

Sliding Group Window with Rebacking off for Collision Avoidance in High-Efficiency Wireless Networks

It is difficult for wireless local area networks (WLANs), IEEE 802.11ax high-efficiency WLAN (HEW), to join next-generation innovations such as 5th generation (5G) and Internet of Things (IoT) because they still have their conventional channel access mechanism as their essential medium access control (MAC) protocol. The MAC protocol uses a traditional binary exponential backoff (BEB) algorithm to access channel resources that depend on the noncognitive increment of contention parameters for collision avoidance. In BEB, the collision issue increases with the increase in connected devices in the network due to a fixed contention window size. The larger the size of the network, the larger the collision in the network. To avoid such a circumstance, in this paper, we propose a sliding group window (sGW) mechanism dependent on collision-point assessment in order to improve the performance of MAC protocol for HEW. The proposed algorithm additionally presents a rebacking off for collision avoidance (ReBOCA) system for sGW, which combines the uniform dispersion of the contention parameters. This variation of an ordinary backoff algorithm permits the reasonable sliding of the user groups in the case of collision. The algorithm explicitly accounts for the peculiarities of dense environments and backward compatibility. Key aspects of the proposed solution include collision-point estimation, rebacking off for collision distribution convergence for fair treatment, and adaptive sliding of group windows to mitigate contention unfairness. We further formulated a closed-form Markov chain model for the performance analysis of our proposed sGW with ReBOCA scheme. Theoretical and practical results prove that our proposed scheme achieved maximal efficiency, even under dense environments. An increase in throughput with a lower packet collision probability was achieved with the proposed mechanism, and the efficiency increased as the number of contending stations increased than compared to traditional BEB performance. Our proposed ReBOCA mechanism enhanced network throughput by 38.18% than compared to the conventional BEB mechanism.

Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis Using an Inkjet Mixing System

Individual nanoscale silver particles were produced using an inkjet mixing system. First, the behaviors of colliding droplets were investigated to prepare to conduct the synthesis without splitting merged droplets. When small droplets collided, they merged to form droplets that stayed in a state of coalescence at a higher discharging velocity. In addition, by changing the orientation at the collision point, the droplet velocity could be increased. Then, silver nanoparticle synthesis was conducted under conditions that avoided droplet splitting. Smaller particles were produced by higher-velocity collisions for all the examined droplet sizes. When droplets were 50–100 μm, an average particle diameter of 2.5 nm was produced. In addition, when droplets of different sizes collided, they formed a continuous supply of precursor, which subsequently resulted in production of particles with uniform size.

Software framework for the Super Charm-Tau factory detector project

The project of Super Charm-Tau (SCT) factory — a high-luminosity electron-positron collider for studying charmed hadrons and tau lepton — is proposed by Budker INP. The project implies single collision point equipped with a universal particle detector. The Aurora software framework has been developed for the SCT detector. It is based on trusted and widely used in high energy physics software packages, such as Gaudi, Geant4, and ROOT. At the same time, new ideas and developments are employed, in particular the Aurora project benefits a lot from the turnkey software for future colliders (Key4HEP) initiative. This paper describes the first release of the Aurora framework, summarizes its core technologies, structure and roadmap for the near future.

Research on Collision Point Identification Based on Six-Axis Force/Torque Sensor

The collision detection algorithm of the robot body previously needed to rely on the surface geometry information of the colliding object and no deformation was allowed during the collision process. To solve this problem, a new robot body collision detection algorithm that uses the force information of the six-axis force/torque sensor at the base to self-constrain is proposed which does not rely on the geometric information of the colliding object surface, and the deformation also allows deformation during the collision. In terms of sensor data preprocessing, a gravity and dynamic force compensation algorithm for the six-axis force/torque sensor at the base is proposed to ensure that the reading of the six-axis force/torque sensor at the base always maintains the value of 0 when the robot is working. Then, the robot is considered to have collided with the outside world when the sensor reading exceeds the set threshold. And a precision factor is proposed to analyze the influence of force and collision distance on the accuracy of the algorithm. Finally, the new algorithm proposed in this paper is compared with the traditional algorithm that relies on the geometric information of the colliding body surface. The experimental results indicate that the accuracy of the collision point detection algorithm proposed in this paper is close to that of the traditional method, but it does not need to rely on the geometric information of the collision body surface, and there is no requirement for whether there is deformation during the contact process. It can be concluded that the collision distance is the most important factor affecting the accuracy of the algorithm, followed by the conclusion of the magnitude of the collision force through the calculation of the precision factor. The results show that this method can effectively detect the collision point of the machine body, and the maximum error at the farthest point of the robot is 8.712%, which lays a certain foundation for the subsequent research on human-machine collaboration in small collaborative robots.

Ghost Interaction of Breathers

Mutual interaction of localized nonlinear waves, e.g., solitons and modulation instability patterns, is a fascinating and intensively-studied topic of nonlinear science. Here we report the observation of a novel type of breather interaction in telecommunication optical fibers, in which two identical breathers propagate with opposite group velocities. Under controlled conditions, neither amplification nor annihilation occurs at the collision point and most interestingly, the respective envelope amplitude, resulting from the interaction, almost equals another envelope maximum of either oscillating and counterpropagating breather. This ghost-like breather interaction dynamics is fully described by an N-breather solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation.