scholarly journals Social Risks as the Source of Threats and Concerns: The Survey in the Czech Republic

Societies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Ludmila Siarda Trochtová ◽  
Jiří Pospíšil ◽  
Helena Pospíšilová
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Social Threats

The object of this research was to determine the subjective recognized social threats in the context of contemporary society. Given the growing number of people who feel threatened by certain social threats, there is a presumption that the risk is real, and the identified groups are affected by social risks. The recognition of social threats in the population has a broader social context, and may be influenced by key socio-demographic factors. This influence is significant for many risks, and helps to better understand the nature of the specific groups at risk. It also allows us to recognize that the socio-demographic and family context creates specific conditions for the occurrence of social threats. The aim of the paper is to find the relationships between different types of social threats and gender, age groups, personal situation (occupation), educational attainment, and family situation. A similar study was carried out by the OECD in 2018 (the Czech Republic was not included). The research was designed as cross-sectional ex-post-facto, and the statistical significance was determined using χ2 test of independence. The survey was carried out in 2018–2019 nationwide across the Czech Republic. The processed data of 5425 respondents has shown that, in the Czech Republic, the subjectively perceived significant threats seem to be the loss of job and unemployment, insufficient skills, and an unwillingness to educate oneself or to be trained, social pressure, and unsatisfactory housing conditions. The research reveals that the recognition of social threats depends on social and family conditions, and there exist specific groups feeling threats more intensively than exist in others. The groups that are at the most risk are individuals with primary education and an apprenticeship. In the population, women are more at risk, as well as the 25–34 and 45+ age groups.

Plant poisonings in children in the Czech Republic, 1996-2001

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Vichova ◽  
Ludek Jahodar
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Complete Data ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Thorn Apple ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Poisoning In Children

Ingestion of or exposure to potentially poisonous plants is a relatively common presenting complaint in hospital paediatric departments, especially amongst toddlers. We present a retrospective study conducted to review the hospital admissions following acute childhood poisoning with plants in the Czech Republic over a 6-year period from 1996 to 2001. Six university hospital paediatric departments and two local hospital paediatric departments were involved in the study. Information and complete data on the cases were collected on the basis of all hospital medical records and internal hospital database outcomes. A total of 174 plant exposures were analysed to tabulate the list of top species involved in plant poisonings. The aims were to provide classification according to agent frequency, clinical presentations, severity of symptoms expressed, affected age groups and gender of patients and to evaluate the treatment according to patient outcome. The most frequent ingestions were of thorn apple seeds (14.9%), followed by dumb cane exposures (11.5%) and common yew (9.8%). Thorn apple, dumb cane, golden chain and raw beans caused the most serious symptoms. There were no fatalities reported out of the reviewed medical records. Complete data on plant poisoning in children from all over the territory of the Czech Republic are not available; however, we believe that the frequency of causes and the rank of plant species commonly involved are properly reflected in our study.

Pediatric Laryngeal Diadochokinetic Rates

2011 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Maturo ◽  
Courtney Hill ◽  
Glenn Bunting ◽  
Cathy Ballif ◽  
Rie Maurer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
English Literature ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Diadochokinetic Rates

Objective. Laryngeal diadochokinetic (L-DDK) rate is a measure of laryngeal neural integrity. The objectives for this study included the following: (1) establish the first comprehensive pediatric normative database for L-DDK rates (DDK) using the Voice Evaluation Suite, a computerized voice analysis program; and (2) analyze normal L-DDK rates for age and gender differences. Study Design. Cross-sectional study with planned data collection. Setting. Outpatient pediatric otolaryngology clinic. Subjects and Methods. Three hundred seven children aged 4 to 18 with normal voices. L-DDK rates were collected during a 6-month period. Main outcome measures included age, gender, and L-DDK rates. Results. Three hundred seven children (151 girls and 156 boys) were evaluated. There was no statistically significant difference between the overall mean L-DDK rate of boys (2.69 syllables/s) compared to girls (2.55 syllables/s; P > .05). Further analysis of all individual age groups did not reveal any statistical significance between boys and girls. There was a statistically significant difference among children aged 4 to 11 compared to those 12 to 18 years old. Among boys aged 4 to 11, the mean rate was 2.49 syllables per second, whereas among 12- to 18-year-olds, the rate was 2.95 syllables per second ( P < .01). The mean rate was 2.40 syllables per second among girls aged 4 to 11 and 2.74 syllables per second for those aged 12 to 18 ( P < .01). Conclusion. This is the largest normative pediatric L-DDK analysis in the English literature. The findings suggest that neurolaryngeal development approaches adult maturation at the beginning of the teenage years. These data have the potential application for objective measurement of neurolaryngeal coordination in children with neurologic impairment and also in children who have undergone nerve reinnervation procedures.

Personality's Correlates of Adult Development and Aging

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Vittorio Caprara ◽  
Mariagiovanna Caprara ◽  
Patrizia Steca
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Development And Aging ◽  
And Gender

Three cross-sectional studies examined stability and change in personality over the course of life by measuring the relations linking age to personality traits, self-efficacy beliefs, values, and well-being in large samples of Italian male and female participants. In each study, relations between personality and age were examined across several age groups ranging from young adulthood to old age. In each study, personality constructs were first examined in terms of mean group differences accrued by age and gender and then in terms of their correlations with age across gender and age groups. Furthermore, personality-age correlations were also calculated, controlling for the demographic effects accrued by marital status, education, and health. Findings strongly indicated that personality functioning does not necessarily decline in the later years of life, and that decline is more pronounced in males than it is in females across several personality dimensions ranging from personality traits, such as emotional stability, to self-efficacy beliefs, such as efficacy in dealing with negative affect. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for personality theory and social policy.

CONCENTRATION OF THE SERUM TGF-BETA1 IN HEALTHY ADULT PEOPLE

2014 ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
Van Tuan Nguyen ◽  
Tam Vo ◽  
Bui Bao Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta1 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender

Elevated serum Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) levels have been linked to tissue fibrosis including chronic kidney disease. Objectives: (1) Investigate serum TGF-beta1 levels in healthy adult people and (2) Examined the relation between serum TGF-beta1 level and gender, age, body mass index (BMI). Method: A cross-sectional study. TGF-beta1 were quantified by ELISA. Results: Levels of serum TGF-beta1 in healthy people were 13,45 ± 7,17 ng/mL mL (0,59 - 33,10 ng/mL). There are no difference of serum TGF-beta1 levels between men and women, between the age groups (<40 years, 40 to < 60 years and ≥ 60 years), between BMI groups < 23 and BMI group ≥ 23. Key words: TGF-beta1, healthy people

Partner Selection Across the Life-Course: Age Variation in Partner Preferences in the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
pp. 136078042199237
Author(s):  
Jana Klímová Chaloupková ◽  
Renáta Topinková ◽  
Markéta Šetinová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Partner Preferences ◽  
Age Variation ◽  
The Life Course

The proportion of people seeking a partner later in life has increased in recent decades. However, studies exploring age variation in partner preferences are quite rare. We aim to fill this gap by examining the partner preferences for household care skills, financial resources, and education of unpartnered individuals aged 19–65 years ( n = 1145) who participated in speed-dating events in the Czech Republic. We hypothesized that the importance of these characteristics varies with age, and that this variance may differ for men and women. The results show that gender differences concerning these characteristics are mostly stable across age groups. The exception is the importance of household care skills, which increases for older men and decreases for older women. We found that older adults value financial resources more than younger adults, and that this increase is true for women and men. Finally, we did not find evidence that the importance of education differs with age.

scholarly journals Analysis of Surgical Recurrence after Larynx Microsurgery for Benign Lesions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Theresa Costa Ramos de Oliveira Patrial ◽  
Rogério Hamerschmidt ◽  
Jorge Eduardo Fouto Matias ◽  
Evaldo Dacheux de Macedo Filho ◽  
Bettina Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Lesions ◽  
Surgical Recurrence ◽  
Retrospective Data Collection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Benign Laryngeal Lesions ◽  
Reinke Edema

Abstract Introduction The study of larynx lesions is of great importance. More than 50% of people with vocal complaints have benign vocal fold alterations and some require surgery. Objective To determine which factors are related to surgical recurrence of benign laryngeal lesions and to determine which videolaryngoscopic diagnoses are related to the risk or protection of surgical relapses over time. Methods Observational, analytical, cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection of 1,383 surgeries in 1,301 patients. Results The mean age at the first surgery was 39.2 years old. The predominant gender was female (65.6%).There were 396 cases of polyps (25.34%), 349 cases of cysts (22.33%), 261 cases of Reinke edema (16.7%), 175 cases of nodules (11.2%), 153 cases of minor structural alterations (MSAs) (9.79%), 94 cases of leukoplakia (6.01%), 77 cases of granulomas (4.93%) and 58 cases of pseudocysts (3.71%). The age presented statistical significance with the risk of surgical relapses (p = 0.016). Male gender was associated with the greatest chance of relapse.Diagnosis of granuloma (p < 0.001) and of leukoplakia (p < 0.001) were associated with a higher risk of surgical recurrence. Cyst diagnosis was associated with protection (p = 0.015) in relation to the chance of further surgeries. Patients with associated lesions, bilaterals or voice professionals did not present a statistically significant association with surgical recurrence. Conclusion Age and gender are statistically related to the increase of surgical relapses. Leukoplakia and granuloma are associated with increased surgical relapses. Patients submitted to cyst microsurgery appear to be protected against surgical recurrence.

A cross-cultural comparison of dietary intakes and physical activity between American and Czech school-aged children

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 986-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Humenikova Shriver ◽  
Gail Gates
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Usa ◽  
American Children

AbstractObjectiveThe prevalence of child overweight in the Czech Republic is substantially lower than that in the USA. The objective of the present pilot study was to explore dietary intakes, frequency of dining in fast-food establishments, and the amount and intensity of physical activity between a sample of American and Czech children.DesignA cross-sectional correlational pilot study.SettingFour public schools in the USA and four public schools in the Czech Republic.SubjectsNinety-five Czech and forty-four American 4–6th graders from urban public schools participated in the study. Dietary intake and number of fast-food visits were evaluated using two multiple-pass 24 h recalls. Physical activity was measured using the modified Self-Administered Physical Activity Checklist.ResultsAmerican children (mean age 10·8 (se 0·2) years) consumed more energy and fat, less fruits and vegetables, more soft drinks, and visited fast-food establishments more often than Czech children (mean age 11·0 (se 0·1) years). Although no differences were found in vigorous activity by nationality, Czech children spent significantly more time in moderate physical activities than American children.ConclusionsDespite the influx of some negative Western dietary trends into the country, Czech children had a healthier diet and were more physically active than American children. Further research is warranted to determine whether the same differences in dietary intakes, physical activity and fast-food visits exist between nationally representative samples of American and Czech children.

scholarly journals Relación entre conducta prosocial, resolución de problemas y consumo de drogas en adolescentes

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Hernández-Serrano ◽  
José P. Espada ◽  
Alejandro Guillén-Riquelme
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Problem Solving Strategies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Prosocial Behaviours ◽  
Age Range

<p>The objectives of the present study are the following ones: 1) to study the use of drugs, the prosocial behaviour and the problem-solving skills with respect to age and gender, and 2) to analyze the association of both the prosocial behaviour and the problem-solving skills with the use of drugs. An exploratory cross-sectional study was performed, amongst a sample of 567 students in Spanish Compulsory Secondary Education (48.14% males) with an age range from 14 to 17 years (<em>M </em>= 14.92; <em>SD </em>= 0.90). Statistically significant differences were found concerning alcohol use and the prosocial behaviour with respect to gender, as well as concerning alcohol and cannabis use with respect to age. Logistic regression analyses revealed statistical significance of the prosocial behaviour with respect to the use of alcohol and cannabis. The ability in problem-solving was the most important protective predictor with respect to the abuse of cannabis. The results from this study enhance the importance of tailored interventions based on the promotion of prosocial behaviours and/or problem-solving strategies as fundamental protective factors for substance use amongst adolescents.</p>

scholarly journals Economic implications of polypharmacy in Nepal: Multicenter community-based study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binaya Sapkota ◽  
Suraj Shakya ◽  
Saroj Sah ◽  
Narendra Chaudhary ◽  
Bijendra Tamang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Total Cost

Objective:Improper management of polypharmacy in community and hospital pharmacies may lead to adverse effects and drug interactions in patients of all age groups, especially children and the elderly. This study aimed to determine the scenario of polypharmacy in multiple communities in Nepal and the costs associated with them. Design: Cross-sectional study Setting:Local communities of nine districts in Nepal Participants:Total 400 patients of all age groups, who were consuming medicines and who fulfilled inclusion criteria from May 2017 to August 2018 Primary and secondary outcome measures:A semi-structured questionnaire, based on the prescription optimization method, was used for data collection. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to analyze the statistical significance of polypharmacy with the predictor variables (e.g., age, education level, occupation, diagnosis, total cost of medicines). The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant at 95% confidence interval. Polypharmacy cases and their economic implications were reported. Results:Eighty-one patients (20.3%) with an age group of 22-31 years with female patients (219, 54.8%) reported more polypharmacy events. There were 216 patients (54%) with prescriptions of five medicines i.e., moderate polypharmacy. Total number of medicines consumed by all 400 patients was 2269, with a mean, SD 5.67, 1.08. Total expenditure by all 400 patients was USD 3409.54 during the study period, with a mean, SD 8.66, 6.04. Both moderate and severe polypharmacy cases were non-significantly related with age, gender and total cost of medications. They had significant relationship in almost all levels of education and occupation and showed mixed type of significance and non-significance with the diagnosis of the respondents. Conclusion: Polypharmacy cases can be minimized, considering adverse drug reactions and drug interactions. Further studies are warranted in medication utilization and avoidable polypharmacy along with detailed pharmacoeconomic evaluation.

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