779. COVID-19 Pandemic and Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infection Trends

Background It has been postulated that the COVID-19 pandemic would increase the overall catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) risk in part due to higher acuity, increased indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) utilization, longer length of stay, changes in infection prevention practices due to staffing shortages. However, reported data are limited. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our CAUTI rates. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study comparing CAUTI rate per 1,000 indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) days, urine culture (UC) utilization rate per 1,000 IUC days, IUC utilization rate per 1,000 patient days, Standardized Infection Ratio (SIR) and Standardized Utilization Ratio (SUR) in the pre-COVID-19 period from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019 to the COVID-19 period from April 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021 at an 877-bed tertiary care hospital in Detroit, Michigan. CAUTI, UC utilization and IUC utilization rate were extracted from the electronic medical record (Epic™ Bugsy). SIR and SUR data were extracted from National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). Results The average CAUTI rate per 1,000 IUC days decreased from 0.99 pre-COVID-19 to 0.64 during COVID-19, yielding a 35% reduction. The UC order rate per 1,000 IUC days decreased from 19.19 to 18.83 with only 2% reduction. However, IUC utilization rate increased by 55% from 0.184 to 0.286. The SIR decreased from 0.483 to 0.337 with a 30% reduction, although this was not statistically significant ((P-value 0.283). The overall SUR decreased significantly from 0.806 to 0.762 (P-value < 0.001). Figure 2 is a control chart of the CAUTI rate from July 2019 to April 2021. Figure 1. CAUTI, indwelling urinary catheter and urine culture utilization rates pre-and during COVID-19 pandemic. Figure 2. CAUTI control chart pre-and during COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion Although the IUC utilization increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, CAUTI rate, SIR and SUR decreased and UC orders remained unchanged. Thus, the pandemic did not have a negative impact on our CAUTI rates. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Disseminated Candida lusitaniae: Nosocomial Acquisition Secondary to an Indwelling Urinary Catheter

Candida lusitaniae is a rare opportunistic pathogen, and its most common risk factors include immunocompromised patients often with an underlying malignancy. It commonly displays resistance to amphotericin B, and historically, echinocandins have been considered first-line treatment. We present a 77-year-old male with a history of diabetes mellitus. He was treated for cellulitis and discharged to a skilled nursing facility with an indwelling urinary catheter. Despite recommendations from the medicine team to remove the catheter, the patient refused even after discussing the risks and benefits. He returned to the hospital 3 weeks later with symptoms of dysarthria, right-sided facial droop, and right-sided weakness. Ultimately, he was determined to have fungemia and native valve endocarditis due to Candida lusitaniae stemming from his indwelling urinary catheter. He was treated with micafungin, but repeated blood cultures continued to grow C. lusitaniae, and he eventually expired following withdrawal of care. We present this case report to illustrate a rare occurence of Candida lusitaniae in a patient without typical risk factors. C. lusitaniae fungemia is an extremely uncommon disease in patients without underlying malignancy. Despite this lack of apparent, classic risk factors, our patient developed endocarditis of his native valve due to C. lusitaniae fungemia from an indwelling urinary catheter. The ability of this organism to form biofilms, and its rapid mutation rate, makes treating C. lusitaniae very difficult. The treatment of choice for C. lusitaniae endocarditis is surgical intervention due to biofilm formation on the cardiac valves. Medical treatment recommendations are currently fluconazole, which is in contrast to the historical use of echinocandins. Infection due to Candida lusitaniae, though rare, should be remembered by clinicians. This particular fungal agent is especially difficult to treat due to its multiple virulence factors. Additionally, the use of indwelling urinary catheters should only occur when proper indications are present and should be promptly discontinued when their placement is no longer necessary.

Prevalence and indications of long-term indwelling urinary catheter among out-patients attending urology clinic at a tertiary hospital in Northwestern Tanzania

Background People living with long-term indwelling urinary catheterization at home are increasing globally. Few studies on prevalence have been done globally and none in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigated the prevalence and indications of long-term indwelling urinary catheterization (IUC) at home in Northwestern Tanzania and to determine the reasons for staying long with an indwelling urinary catheter after diagnosis of benign prostatic hypertrophy was confirmed. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted at urology clinic at Bugando Medical Centre, a referral hospital in the Northwestern Zone of Tanzania. The study population included 2112 patients attending the urology clinic from December 2016 to September 2017 with different conditions. From this population, 202 out-patients living with a long-term IUC either suprapubic or urethral were conveniently selected. A review of hospital records of these 202 out-patients was done using a pre-tested checklist. Patients were interviewed to collect additional information. Data were analyzed using STATA version 13(college station, Texas). Descriptive statistics were used for categorical variable, whereas median [inter quartile range (IQR)] was used for continuous variables. Results The prevalence of out-patients living at home with an IUC was 9.6% (202/2112), CI (8.4–10.8). Age ranged from 18 to 95 years with the median age of 69 [IQR 61–77] years. Males 195(96.5%) formed the majority of participants. A total of 111 (54.9%) had catheters for ≥ six weeks and 123 (60.9%) had their catheters changed at least once. Common indications were benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), 129 (63.9%) and urethral stricture 34 (16.8%). Reasons for the long stay with an IUC at home, especially for those without National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) 49(94.2%) were endless appointments 23(52.3%), no money to pay for surgery 9(20.5%) and medical conditions 7 (16%). Only 3(0.1%) were under NHIF and were treated promptly. Conclusion Prevalence of long-term IUC in Northwestern Tanzania is high. Improved health care system is required to lower the high prevalence of long-term IUC at home through training of more urologists and these patients to be under the scheme of NHIF.

Risk factors for the development of infections associated with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae among previously colonized patients: A retrospective cohort study

Not all patients who acquire carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) develop infections by these organisms; many remain only colonized. Of 54 CPE-colonized patients, 16 (30%) developed CPE infections. We identified indwelling urinary catheter exposure, exposure to intravenous colistin, and overseas transfer as variables associated with CPE infection development among colonized patients.