The effect of second-language orthographic input on the phonological encoding of Mandarin words

Previous studies have yielded mixed findings regarding the effect of familiar and novel L2 graphemes on learners’ phonological encoding. The current study investigated this topic by comparing the effect of Pinyin and Chinese characters on English speakers’ Mandarin word learning. Different from previous research, this study examined both segmental and tonal encoding and compared participants from different Mandarin proficiency levels. Seventeen Advanced learners, 29 Intermediate learners, and 21 Naïve English speakers participated in a word-learning experiment in which half of the participants were exposed to the Pinyin spelling of the target words while the other half to characters. After the learning phase, they did a meaning – auditory stimulus matching task. Half of the stimuli were complete matches, while in the other half the stimulus mismatched the target either in segments or tones. The results revealed that at the Advanced level, the Character group was more accurate than the Pinyin group in rejecting tonal mismatches to the target words, while the opposite tendency was observed at the Naïve level. This study suggests that novel graphemes facilitate advanced L2 learners’ tonal encoding more than familiar graphemes, which is probably due to the unique nature of Chinese characters.

Duality of locally quasi-convex convergence groups

<p>In the realm of the convergence spaces, the generalisation of topological groups is the convergence groups, and the corresponding extension of the Pontryagin duality is the continuous duality. We prove that local quasi-convexity is a necessary condition for a convergence group to be c-reflexive. Further, we prove that every character group of a convergence group is locally quasi-convex.</p>

Coordinate sociogram analysis of interpersonal stress based on autosociometric modeling of interactive interaction

The paper reports the principles of the social perceptive competence formation during comic perception. A possibility of the application of repertoire test of personal structures for the diagnostics of social perceptive capabilities is shown and empirically tested. The results of the experimental autosociometric estimate of the cartoon character group interaction are shown. The outlooks in the use of interactive technologies in the course of the social perceptive competences formation in designer- students are outlined.

Statistical Evaluation of 4-ethylphenol and 4-ethylguaiacol Concentrations to Support Sensory Evaluation of "Brett Character" of Wines: A Proposed Threshold

nalytical data of 260 sensory evaluated wine samples have been statistically examined. All samples had been classified by at least one taster of the five member jury as having "Brett character". Wines have been finally judged as "Good", having "Other defects" or "Brett character". 4-etylphenol (4-EP) and 4-ethylguaiacol (4-EG) concentrations showed different distributions for the "Brett character" group while the other two groups could not be distinguished from each-other. Threshold concentrations for 4-EP, 4-EG and their sum (4-EP + 4-EG) were calculated to classify wine samples as "non-Brett" and "Brett character". 4-EP concentrations were found to be the most reliable markers, with a 245 µg/l lower and 968 µg/l upper threshold. Below or above this range a sample can reliably be classified as "non-Brett" and "Brett character" respectively, while within this range only sensory evaluation can distinguish the two characteristics. Other tested classical analytical parameters did not show significant differences between these groups except for SO2 which was found to be lower in the "Brett character" group, stressing the importance of sulpihiting as a tool in the fight against Brettanomyces.

PENGARUH METODE BERCERITA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN NILAI-NILAI KARAKTER ANAK KELOMPOK B TAHUN PELAJARAN 2017/2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode bercerita terhadap perkembangan karakter anak kelompok B TK Gugus 1 Kecamatan Tampaksiring Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan eksperimen semu (Quasi eksperiment) dengan nonequivalent control group design, Populasi penelitian ini berjumlah 324 anak. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik random sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah anak kelompok B1 TK Widya Shanti berjumlah 30 anak sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok B2 TK Kumara Wiyata berjumlah 30 anak sebagai kelompok kontrol yang tidak dibelajarkan menggunakan metode bercerita dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai karakter. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik observasi yang dianalisi menggunakan teknik analisis dengan uji-t berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh thitung=3,24 sedamgkan taraf signifikasi 5% dengan dk = 58 diperoleh nilai ttabel=2.00 sehingga thitung=3,24> ttabel=2.00 berdasarka kriteria penguji, maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Adapun rata-rata perkembangan nilai-nilai karakter pada kelompok yang dibelajarkan dengan cerita yang mengandung nilai-nilai karakter adalah = 77,80 sedangkan pada kelompok yang dibelajarkan tidak menggunakan cerita yang mengandung nilai-nilai karakter adalah = 65,87. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh metode bercerita yang mengandung nilai-nilai karakter terhadap perkembangan nilai-nilai karakter anak kelompok B TK Gugus 1 Kecamatan Tampaksiring Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018.Kata Kunci : Nilai-nilai karakter, metode bercerita, cerita Kepahlawanan,cerita rakyat. This study aims to determine the effect of storytelling methods on the development of children character group B TK Cluster 1 Kecamatan Tampaksiring Lesson 2017/2018. This research uses quasi experiment with nonequivalent control group design. The population of this research is 324 children. Sampling using random sampling technique. The sample in this research is the children of B1 TK Widya Shanti group of 30 children as experimental group and B2 TK Kumara Wiyata group of 30 children as the control group that is not learned using the storytelling method in instilling the character values. Data collected by observation technique which analyzed by using analysis technique with t-test based on research result obtained thitung = 3,24 sedamgkan 5% significance level with dk = 58 obtained ttable value = 2.00 so thitung = 3.24> ttable = 2.00 based on criterion testers , then Ho is rejected and Ha accepted. The average development of character values in groups that are taught with stories containing character values is = 77.80 whereas in groups that are taught not using stories containing values of characters is = 65.87. Based on the results of this study can be concluded that there is influence of storytelling method that contains the character values of the development of the character values of children group B TK Cluster 1 Tampaksiring District Lessons 2017/2018.keyword : Values of character, story telling method, Heroic story, folklore

The Total Character of a Finite Group

The total character τ(G) of a finite group G is the sum of the irreducible characters of G. We present conditions under which τ(G) can be written as a polynomial with integer coefficients in an irreducible character of G. Such a group we call a total character group. We show that the dicyclic group of order 4n is a total character group if and only if n ≡ 2, 3 mod 4. The polynomial used is a sum of Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind. We also show that Sn (n ≥ 4) is not a total character group.

A Locally Compact Non Divisible Abelian Group Whose Character Group Is Torsion Free and Divisible

It was claimed by Halmos in 1944 that if G is a Hausdorff locally compact topological abelian group and if the character group of G is torsion free, then G is divisible. We prove that such a claim is false by presenting a family of counterexamples. While other counterexamples are known, we also present a family of stronger counterexamples, showing that even if one assumes that the character group of G is both torsion free and divisible, it does not follow that G is divisible.

Characters and ambivalence in Luke: An emic reading of Luke’s gospel, focusing on the Jewish peasantry

The Jewish peasantry as a character group in the Gospel of Luke has, thus far, not really attracted much attention in Lukan scholarship. In cases where it has been studied, scholars have often treated ὄχλος [crowd] and λαὸς [people] as synonymous characters. But the question of Jesus’ identity, as depicted in the New Testament, was crucial to the early church and it is this exact question that animates the relationship between Jesus and the various ‘systems’ functioning as part of Luke’s Gospel. From an etic viewpoint, the context of Luke’s Gospel indicates that Jesus’ leadership was characterised by conflict, opposition and rejection. Therefore, this article attempted, through an emic reading of Luke, to differentiate between (and describe) the role played by each of these character groups in Luke’s narrative, focusing on the relationship between Jesus and the Jewish peasantry – with special reference to the ambivalent attitude of the latter. It was argued that each Lukan character group has to be read and understood in terms of their attitude, as well as in the broader context of Luke’s intention with their inclusion and specific description. Therefore the various terminologies used when referring to the Jewish peasantry were also discussed; for any analysis of a biblical character group should begin with a reading of the Greek text, because working only with translations can lead to a misappropriation of the text. In order to attain the goals as set out above, this study used a character group which seemed ambivalent and hypocritical in their attitude to analyse Jesus’ leadership approach.