Hydrodynamics of quantum entropies in Ising chains with linear dissipation

We study the dynamics of quantum information and of quantum correlations after a quantum quench, in transverse field Ising chains subject to generic linear dissipation. As we show, in the hydrodynamic limit of long times, large system sizes, and weak dissipation, entropy-related quantities —such as the von Neumann entropy, the Rényi entropies, and the associated mutual information— admit a simple description within the so-called quasiparticle picture. Specifically, we analytically derive a hydrodynamic formula, recently conjectured for generic noninteracting systems, which allows us to demonstrate a universal feature of the dynamics of correlations in such dissipative noninteracting system. For any possible dissipation, the mutual information grows up to a time scale that is proportional to the inverse dissipation rate, and then decreases, always vanishing in the long time limit. In passing, we provide analytic formulas describing the time-dependence of arbitrary functions of the fermionic covariance matrix, in the hydrodynamic limit.

Geo-Engineering Study of Selected Soils for Cement Industry in Al-Kifil District, Babylon, Central Iraq

The research was conducted on nine pits for selected soils in Babylon, in the Al-Kifl region in particular. It aims to find the relationship between the physical and chemical properties of the studied soil and its suitability in the cement industry. Nine samples of different depths were taken with a simple description of the soil in the fieldwork stage. As for the stage of laboratory tests, it included testing the grain size distribution to find the percentage of sand, silt, and clay, and Atterberg limits to find plasticity. It was found through these tests that the soil is silty clay and has low plasticity except for samples no. 5, and 6, which were clayey soil with low plasticity. The relationship between physical properties depends on the property of the grain size distribution, as it is the function of the rest of the properties. Chemical tests of the samples and comparing the ratios of their oxides with the standard specifications of the Kufa plant laboratory turned out to be suitable for the manufacture of ordinary Portland cement, as the study area is considered a good quarry for the clays used in such industries.

Cosmological simulations of number counts

In this paper we present for the first time the angular power spectra C ℓ(z,z') for number counts from relativistic N-body simulations. We use the relativistic N-body code gevolution with its exact integration of lightlike geodesics which include all relativistic scalar contributions to the number counts. We compare our non-perturbative numerical results with the results from class using the hmcode approximation for the non-linear matter power spectrum. We find that this simple description is excellent for both, the density and the convergence. On the other hand, the current implementation of redshift-space distortions in Boltzmann codes is not accurate. We also find that the largest contribution to the unequal-redshift power spectra is the cross-correlation of the density and the lensing contribution to the number counts, especially for redshift bins that are far apart. Correlating the number counts with the convergence map we find that the signal is dominated by the lensing-lensing term when the convergence field redshift is not higher than the number counts one, while it is dominated by the density-lensing term in the opposite case. In the present study, the issue of galaxy bias is deliberately left aside by considering only unbiased samples of matter particles from the simulations.

Promotion of Kreweras words

Kreweras words are words consisting of n$$\mathrm {A}$$ A ’s, n$$\mathrm {B}$$ B ’s, and n$$\mathrm {C}$$ C ’s in which every prefix has at least as many $$\mathrm {A}$$ A ’s as $$\mathrm {B}$$ B ’s and at least as many $$\mathrm {A}$$ A ’s as $$\mathrm {C}$$ C ’s. Equivalently, a Kreweras word is a linear extension of the poset $$\mathsf{V}\times [n]$$ V × [ n ] . Kreweras words were introduced in 1965 by Kreweras, who gave a remarkable product formula for their enumeration. Subsequently they became a fundamental example in the theory of lattice walks in the quarter plane. We study Schützenberger’s promotion operator on the set of Kreweras words. In particular, we show that 3n applications of promotion on a Kreweras word merely swaps the $$\mathrm {B}$$ B ’s and $$\mathrm {C}$$ C ’s. Doing so, we provide the first answer to a question of Stanley from 2009, asking for posets with ‘good’ behavior under promotion, other than the four families of shapes classified by Haiman in 1992. We also uncover a strikingly simple description of Kreweras words in terms of Kuperberg’s $$\mathfrak {sl}_3$$ sl 3 -webs, and Postnikov’s trip permutation associated with any plabic graph. In this description, Schützenberger’s promotion corresponds to rotation of the web.

OMEN-SED(-RCM) (v1.1): a pseudo-reactive continuum representation of organic matter degradation dynamics for OMEN-SED

The Organic Matter ENabled SEDiment model (OMEN-SED) is a one-dimensional, analytical reaction–transport model for early diagenesis in marine sediments. It explicitly resolves organic matter (OM) degradation and associated biogeochemical terminal electron acceptor, reduced species and nutrient dynamics in porous media under steady-state conditions. OMEN-SED has been specifically designed for coupling to global Earth system models and the analytical solution of the coupled set of mass conservation equations ensures the computational efficiency required for such a coupling. To find an analytical solution, OMEN-SED expresses all explicitly resolved biogeochemical processes as a function of OM degradation. The original version of OMEN-SED contains a relatively simple description of OM degradation based on two reactive OM classes, a so-called 2G model. However, such a simplified approach does not fully account for the widely observed continuous decrease in organic matter reactivity with burial depth/time. The reactive continuum model that accounts for the continuous distribution of organic compounds over the reactive spectrum represents an alternative and more realistic description but cannot be easily incorporated within the general OMEN-SED framework. Here, we extend the diagenetic framework of OMEN-SED with a multi-G approximation of the reactive continuum model (RCM) of organic matter degradation by using a finite but large number of OM fractions, each characterized by a distinct reactivity. The RCM and its multi-G approximation are fully constrained by only two free parameters, a and ν, that control the initial distribution of OM compounds over the reactivity spectrum. The new model is not only able to reproduce observed pore water profiles, sediment–water interface fluxes and redox zonation across a wide range of depositional environments but also provides a more realistic description of anaerobic degradation pathways. The added functionality extends the applicability of OMEN-SED to a broader range of environments and timescales, while requiring fewer parameters to simulate a wider spectrum of OM reactivities.

Resilience in Adolescence, Disability, and Gender

Introduction: Disabled adolescents are facing the adversity of life like social expectations, academic, and economic demands. Objective: This described deaf and female adolescents’ resilience with their respective counterparts using the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-25). The resilience of disabled and female adolescents was not adequately addressed in the study province, Dangila, Amhara-Ethiopia. Methods: The study was conducted on 160 adolescent (80 deaf [40 female] and 80 hearing [40 female]) students who were selected based on multistage sampling. Quantitative and qualitative data collections were made through the questionnaire as well as interview. The study used mean, standard deviation, independent t-test and ANOA, and simple description for data analysis. Result: The results revealed that hearing adolescent students’ average resilience score was significantly greater than deaf students. It was also shown that female adolescent students’ level of average resilience score was found significantly less than their counterparts. Analysis of variance revealed that there was a significant difference in resilience score among deaf female, deaf male, hearing female, and hearing male adolescent students in which deaf female adolescent students resilience score was the lowest. Conclusion: The difference in resilience between deaf and hearing students signified deaf students’ capability to cope with stressors and academic demands was less than their counterparts, and the resilience of deaf female students was found the lowest among the groups. This calls for health and psychological professional and families to provide adequate support for deaf and female adolescents to develop resilience.

Modeling Complex Systems by Structural Invariants Approach

When modeling complex systems, we usually encounter the following difficulties: partiality, large amount of data, and uncertainty of conclusions. It can be said that none of the known approaches solves these difficulties perfectly, especially in cases where we expect emergences in the complex system. The most common is the physical approach, sometimes reinforced by statistical procedures. The physical approach to modeling leads to a complicated description of phenomena associated with a relatively simple geometry. If we assume emergences in the complex system, the physical approach is not appropriate at all. In this article, we apply the approach of structural invariants, which has the opposite properties: a simple description of phenomena associated with a more complicated geometry (in our case pregeometry). It does not require as much data and the calculations are simple. The price paid for the apparent simplicity is a qualitative interpretation of the results, which carries a special type of uncertainty. Attention is mainly focused (in this article) on the invariant matroid and bases of matroid (M, BM) in combination with the Ramsey graph theory. In addition, this article introduces a calculus that describes the emergent phenomenon using two quantities—the power of the emergent phenomenon and the complexity of the structure that is associated with this phenomenon. The developed method is used in the paper for modeling and detecting emergent situations in cases of water floods, traffic jams, and phase transition in chemistry.

The blessing of dimensionality for the analysis of climate data

We give a simple description of the blessing of dimensionality with the main focus on the concentration phenomena. These phenomena imply that in high dimensions the lengths of independent random vectors from the same distribution have almost the same length and that independent vectors are almost orthogonal. In the climate and atmospheric sciences we rely increasingly on ensemble modelling and face the challenge of analysing large samples of long time series and spatially extended fields. We show how the properties of high dimensions allow us to obtain analytical results for e.g. correlations between sample members and the behaviour of the sample mean when the size of the sample grows. We find that the properties of high dimensionality with reasonable success can be applied to climate data. This is the case although most climate data show strong anisotropy and both spatial and temporal dependence, resulting in effective dimensions around 25–100.

A simple description of holographic domain walls in confining theories — extended hydrodynamics

In the context of theories with a first order phase transition, we propose a general covariant description of coexisting phases separated by domain walls using an additional order parameter-like degree of freedom. In the case of a holographic Witten model with a confining and deconfined phase, the resulting model extends hydrodynamics and has a simple formulation in terms of a spacetime action with corresponding expressions for the energy-momentum tensor. The proposed description leads to simple analytic profiles of domain walls, including expressions for surface tension density, which agree nicely with holographic numerical solutions, despite the apparent complexity of those gravitational backgrounds.

Estimation of the Magnitude of People Who Inject Drugs in Hawassa, Ethiopia: A Descriptive Study

Background: - Injecting drug use contributes substantially to developing the HIV pandemic in many developing countries. Due to the hidden nature and stigma of the issue, it didn’t prove easy to investigate using regular surveys. Therefore, this research pursues to determine the magnitude of individuals who inject drugs in Hawassa and explain the epidemiological and social condition of HIV among people who inject drugs.Methods: - The study used rapid assessment methods and the combined method of estimating population, by nomination and multiplier methods, using two datasets. The first was the proportion of people who use service within a year as a multiplier. The second was a list of individuals with a condition who utilized a particular health service within a year as a benchmark. The rapid assessment included qualitative methods to extract information relevant to enumeration cites, selection of first seeds as data sources. The study made a simple description of the study subjects to yield socio-demographics and behaviours related to HIV and other health-related problems.Results: - The study estimated a total of estimated 688 (95% CI; 502, 991) people who inject drugs, with a prevalence of 266 per 100,000 people. The study found that people who inject drugs were more young age, male gender. They also lived in lower educational status, were unmarried, and living in small clerk businesses. People who inject drugs and have taken part in the study were more likely to use additional substances like alcohol, khat, and other hard substances like cannabis. The most common form of drug used was Cocaine (83.3%). Most of the PWIDs were sexually active with regular (50.3%) and casual partners (884.6%). They claimed to involve in risky sexual behavior. Conclusion and recommendation:- A significant number of people who inject drugs are available in Hawassa. Lack of assistance in harm reduction in the city has rendered PWIDs vulnerable and at greater risk for HIV/ AIDS. Therefore, the Ministry of Health and other relevant authorities have to start implementing the WHO’s nine key harm reduction measures provided by the World Health Organization.