Unusual hydrogen implanted gold with lattice contraction at increased hydrogen content

The experimental evidence for the contraction of volume of gold implanted with hydrogen at low doses is presented. The contraction of lattice upon the addition of other elements is very rare and extraordinary in the solid-state, not only for gold but also for many other solids. To explain the underlying physics, the pure kinetic theory of absorption is not adequate and the detailed interaction of hydrogen in the lattice needs to be clarified. Our analysis points to the importance of the formation of hydride bonds in a dynamic manner and explains why these bonds become weak at higher doses, leading to the inverse process of volume expansion frequently seen in metallic hydrogen containers.

The Grammar of Giants

It is a common process of language change for free morphemes to become bound morphemes, but the inverse process (termed ‘debonding’ by Norde 2009) is much rarer. Previous studies have found that lexemes with the original meaning ‘giant’ (German Riesen, Dutch reuze) have historically grammaticalized as prefixes, and subsequently debonded into free morphemes with the same bleached meaning as the prefixes (Van Goethem & Hiligsmann 2014; Norde & Van Goethem 2014). Using a synchronic corpus of written Danish (KorpusDK), this paper shows that the Danish word kæmpe, originally ‘giant’, is in the late stages of a similar process of debonding. By investigating the morphological and syntactic patterning of kæmpe, the paper shows that kæmpe has indeed debonded, and occurs as a free-standing semantically bleached adjective, but that it does not yet exhibit fully prototypical adjectival behavior. All three functions of kæmpe remain in use: a noun with the specific meaning ‘giant’, a semantically bleached prefix, and a corresponding semantically bleached adjective. This would argue against an account relying on abrupt category change, and it is proposed that kæmpe has reached its current status through gradual analogy-driven change.

LA PRODUCCIÓN SOCIAL DEL ESPACIO SALITRERO TARAPAQUEÑO DURANTE EL CICLO DE EXPANSIÓN: ENTRE LA NECESIDAD PATRONAL DE CONTROL SOCIAL Y LA RESISTENCIA DE LA SOCIEDAD PAMPINA

Se explora una dimensión poco atendida de la resistencia pampina. Planteando que el ciclo expansivo del salitre tarapaqueño se estructuró sobre un arreglo particular entre los empresarios salitreros y el Estado, caracterizado por una explotación privada y una débil presencia estatal, donde los primeros aspiraron a producir un espacio dominado como un enclave salitrero, ejerciendo un férreo control social sobre la mano de obra. Postulamos que la sociedad pampina, a través de sus prácticas cotidianas, logró resistir con relativa eficacia las necesidades de control patronal y, a la vez, implementar un proceso inverso de producción social del espacio, el que se reflejó en la estructuración de un territorio altamente integrado. ABSTRACT An unattended dimension of the Pampina resistance is explored. It proposes that the expansive cycle of the Tarapacan saltpeter was structured on a particular arrangement between the saltpeter businessmen and the State, characterized by a private exploitation and a weak state presence, where the former aspired to produce a space dominated as a saltpeter enclave, exerting an iron social control over the labor force. We postulate that Pampas society, through its daily practices, managed to resist with relative efficiency the needs of employer control and, at the same time, implement an inverse process of social production of space, which was reflected in the structuring of a highly integrated territory.

The Rapid Establishment of Large Wind Fields via an Inverse Process

Physical-approach-based wind forecasts have the merit of a heavily reduced uncertainty in predictions, but very often suffer from a prohibitively lengthy numerical computation time, if high spatial resolutions are required. To tackle this hurdle, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) has manifested extraordinary power in reducing the number of computation grids and hence the computation time. However, POD itself suffers from difficulties in extracting basis vectors when the snapshots contain large amounts of data, when considering large areas using high spatial resolution. By means of computational simulations and inverse process analyses, in this study the authors developed a new method for rapid wind field reconstruction with high spatial resolution, while reducing the computation load to a minimum. The strategy is to establish snapshots of velocity fields in a large area, but only using a much smaller subset of the large area to extract the basis vectors. The basis vectors are then used to reconstruct the wind field of the large area with a high spatial resolution. The method can dramatically reduce the overall computation work due to the much smaller grid size in the subset area. The new method can be applied to situations where the velocity distributions for a large area need to be known with high spatial resolution.

Rediscovering the essence in a classical order through analysis and deconstruction

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to expose a classical Vitruvian archetype and subject it to the logic of deconstruction. The process engages two opposing camps and mindsets, and, through analysis, reaches a point that allows the reader to make assessments on how the archetype fulfills the perceived objectives of its time and how it can be assessed through a more contemporary methodology. Design/methodology/approach This study employs two methodologies in the analysis of an architectural model that became a reference point in the evolution of Western Architecture. A traditional approach similar to Ruskin’s Victorian-style analysis and criticism builds the study’s foundations. That is followed by the method of deconstructivism, challenging the traditional thought, resurfacing of the duality of every attribute assigned to the initial datum. Initially, the study brings to the proscenium the nature of this classical order as a sui generis archetype, defining the engendered properties that describe it. That is followed by an inverse process as applied by the twentieth-century deconstructivist movement. Findings The paper finds the dichotomy of perception of a classical archetype based upon the methods applied. Practical implications Recognition of a dichotomy of perception of a classical architectural archetype becomes overture toward a number of well-defined archetypes based on what could be considered Cartesian non-complex architectural archetypes. Originality/value This paper offers a Gestalt-based reflection on the nature of the Doric order.

The deviations of evaporation modes in two different morphologies of 2D WS2 film

Exploring the inverse process of materials growth, evaporation of atoms from the material, is a crucial method to investigate the physical properties of two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials.

Comparative Study of Major Image Enhancement Algorithms

Image restoration is a process of reconstruction or recovery of an image that has been corrupted or degraded by any degradation phenomenon. Image restoration techniques are inclined towards modeling the degradation and applying the inverse process in order to recover the original image. The critical goal of restoration techniques is to improve the quality of an image in some predefined manner. This present paper is a comparative study of image enhancement techniques used for improving the quality of a given image and evaluate it against the quality of a given image and evaluate it against SNR, PSNR, MSE, and SSIM as metrics.