A comparison of the milk yield and morphometrics of Irtysh type Simmental cows and their Holstein and Simmental crosses in East Kazakhstan

Nusupov AM, Sambetbaev AA, Kozhebaev BZ, Nurzhanova KH, Gorelik OV. 2021. A comparison of the milk yield and morphometrics of Irtysh type Simmental cows and their Holstein and Simmental crosses in East Kazakhstan. Biodiversitas 22: 3663-3670. Cattle breeding is still a significant part of agriculture manufacture both in milk and beef production. Dairy manufacture needs more and more modifications to increase milk productivity and produce milk with better nutrition properties. The authors present a comparison of the dairy cattle of the Simmental breed (Kazakhstan Irtysh type) and its cross-breeds with red-piebald Holstein and Simmental breeds. All the animals' breeds were studied at the time of the first lactation period in cows at the “Kamyshinskoye” farm, Shemonaikha District, East Kazakhstan region. We studied the milk productivity, exterior parameters, and reproductive indicators for the control animal group (Simmental breed Irtysh type) and the crosses (cross-breeds) of the red-piebald Holstein when collecting the research results and Irtysh type and Simmental and Irtysh type. All data obtained in this study have been fully compared with the indicators of the first lactation period of Simmental cows of the Irtysh type. As a result of the study, authors have created the curve of the 305-day lactation period, studied the exterior of the animals, the morphological structures of the udder, and the annual capacity cycles of the tested cows' group. The milk yield obtained in the first complete lactation period from the red-piebald Holstein cross-animals was 240 kg or 4.2% more than the control mother group, but the average milk fat percentage has been 0.09% less. On the contrary, the cross of the Irtysh and Simmental breed has a yield less by 258 kg or 4.7% (5277 kg), but a fat milk percentage has been 0.1% more.

GST T1, M1, and IRS-1 G972R Genetic Variants Association to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in Egyptian women: Linkage to Maternal Hyperglycemia

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) shares in part pathogenic mechanisms of multiple genetic interactions. Some ofT2D susceptibility genes are encountered in association with GDM. Objective: We aimed to investigate for GST T1, M1 and G972R IRS-I gene polymorphisms with the risk of developing GDM. Patients and methods: In this randomized case-control study, pregnant women with GDM were genotyped for by PCR analysis for glutathione s-transferase-T1, M1 variant polymorphisms. RFLP was done for the G972R IRS 1 gene. Their newborns were additionally assayed for whole of the clinical, laboratory and genetic aspects. Results: The T allele, IRS-1rs1801278 TT genotype were frequently detected in GDM mothers in comparison to healthy control ones [for TT homozygous variant; OR(CI 95%): 2.05(1.09-3.87, p: 0.025].Furthermore, GST T1 null was significantly presented in GDM mothers than those of control mother [OR (CI95%: 0.29 (0.084-1.02), p:0.04].Added to the significant correlation of glycemic indices to clinical parameters of infants born to GDM, M1-null genotype of GST was significantly correlated (p<0.05) to abnormal values of respiratory rates and 1 minute-APGAR scores noted for extra NICU care. Conclusion: Our results suggested GST T1null and IRS-1 TT genotypic variants were claimed for GDM development among Egyptian women with possible impact on their newly born infants.

Ovarian Reserve and Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) in Mothers of Dizygotic Twins

This study aimed to explore if natural dizygotic (DZ) twinning is associated with earlier menopause and lower anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) values. We investigated if advanced biological reproductive aging, which can be responsible for the multiple follicle growth in familial twinning, is similar to mechanisms that occur in normal ovarian aging, reflected by earlier menopause in mothers of DZ twins and lower levels of AMH. A total of 16 mothers of DZ twins enrolled with the Netherlands Twin Register (average age at first assessment: 35.9 ± 3.0 years) and 14 control mothers (35.1 ± 3 years) took part in a prospective study. Fifteen years after entry into the study, which included follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) assessment, AMH was measured in stored serum samples and menopause status was evaluated. Average AMH levels were not significantly different between DZ twin mothers and controls (2.1 ± 2.4 μg/L vs. 1.9 ± 1.9 μg/L). Among the 16 mothers of twins, 7 had an elevated (FSH) value over 10 U/L at first assessment. Their AMH levels were lower than the nine twin mothers with normal FSH values: 0.6 ± 0.4 versus 3.4 ± 2.6 μg/L (p = .01). Of the mothers of twins, eight mothers had entered menopause at the second assessment compared with only one control mother (p = .07). Thus, slightly more DZ mothers were in menopause than the control mothers, although this difference was not significant. The subgroup of DZ twin mothers who had an increased FSH concentration 15 years ago had a limited ovarian reserve as reflected by lower AMH levels. These data indicate that advanced ovarian aging can be a feature in familial DZ twinning, particularly with elevated early follicular phase FSH.