The Effect of Water Boiled in Aluminum Cookwares on Genomic Abnormalities in the Meristematic Cells of Onion Root

Introduction: One of the ways of human exposure to aluminum (Al) is Al food packaging materials and cookwares. Although many studies have examined the biotic influence of nanoparticles or ionic form of heavy metals, there are limited studies conducted on the possible health risks of metals in the form of alloy used for making utensils. In this study, the effect of water boiled in Al cookwares with defined concentrations of Al on the genomic abnormalities and cell division of meristematic cells of onion root was evaluated using Allium cepa assay. Materials and Methods: The onion roots were treated with water boiled in Al utensils (three pots) with different concentrations of Al (5 and 10 mg/l) for 42 to 43 hours and then analyzed for mitotic index (MI) and mitotic phase aberrations (MPA). Results: The percent of MI in the study groups treated with 5 mg/l of Al from pot 1 and 10 mg/l from all pots increased significantly compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Also, the frequency of total MPA in all Al treated groups significantly increased compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The most significant results were derived by sticky chromosomes, anaphase bridge, going ahead chromosome and disturbed mitosis, respectively. Conclusion: The result of this study confirmed the genotoxic effect of water boiled in Al cookwares containing the examined range of Al concentrations on the meristematic cells of onion root.

Effect of Fibre Hybridization on Mechanical Properties of Nylon-Broom Grass/Root-Broom Grass Fibre Reinforced Hybrid Polypropylene Composites

In the present research, nylon-broom grass and onion root-broom grass reinforced hybrid polypropylene composites were manufactured using a hot press machine. Three different levels of fibre loading (5, 10, and 15 wt.%) with fibre ratios of 1:1 were incorporated in the polypropylene matrix. Tensile, flexural, impact and hardness tests of the composites were subsequently carried out. The two combinations showed opposite trends for tensile strength and impact strength and similar trends for Young’s modulus, elongation, flexural properties and hardness. Tensile strength of the onion root containing composites increased with an increase of fibre loading, while in the nylon containing composites, tensile strength decreased with an increase in fibre loading. Their Young’s modulus increased and % elongation decreased with an increase in fibre content. Both flexural strength and flexural modulus increased with an increase in fibre content in both combinations. The impact strength of the onion root containing composites decreased with an increase in fibre loading, while the nylon containing composites showed the opposite trend. The hardness of both combinations increased with an increase in fibre content. The best set of properties were found at 15 wt% fibre loading in the nylon-broom grass-PP hybrid composite.

Metabolomics and Physiological Approach to Understand Allelopathic Effect of Horseradish Extract on Onion Root and Lettuce Seed as Model Organism

In the present study, we assessed the allelopathic effects of various concentrations (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%) of horseradish root extract (HRE) on onion root. The average growth of onion root tips during the 0% HRE treatment (deionized water treatment) was 0.9 cm/day, which was the highest among the growth rates obtained with all HRE treatments. Moreover, the average growth during 0.3% HRE treatment was 0.1 cm/day. During cell cycle analysis, the mitotic phase fraction of the control (deionized water treatment) cells was 6.5% of all dividing cells, with this percentage being the highest among the values obtained for all treatment groups. In the control group, all cell cycle phases were identified; however, in the 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% treatment groups, telophase was not identified. The ROS accumulation area of the onion root decreased, as the HRE treatment concentration increased. In the control root, the area of dead tissue was 0%; however, in the 0.1% and 0.2% HRE treatment roots, the ratio was 5% and 50%, respectively. These findings indicate that the allelopathic effect of HRE depends on the concentration of HRE applied to the onion root.

Senduduk dan ubi jalar ungu sebagai pewarna preparat squash akar bawang merah

Pembuatan preparat untuk pengamatan sel atau jaringan pada kegiatan praktikum membutuhkan bahan pewarna. Bahan pewarna yang sering dugunakan adalah bahan kimia sintetik. Eksplorasi pemanfaatan bahan pewarna alternatif yang murah dan mempunyai afinitas tinggi terhadap komponen sel dilakukan dengan pemanfaatan pewarna alami yang dihasilkan oleh antosianin yang terdapat pada buah senduduk dan ubi jalar ungu. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 1 faktor perlakuan yaitu waktu pewarnaan 60, 90, dan 120 menit. Analisis data dilakukan dengan deskriptif kualitatif terhadap kualitas preparat dan kelayakan preparat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian kualitas preparat yang diwarnai dengan ekstrak buah senduduk dan ubi jalar ungu menunjukan hasil terbaik pada lama pewarnaan 90 menit dengan persentase 83,33% dan 53,33%. Kualitas preparat yang diwarnai dengan ekstrak buah senduduk lebih baik daripada yang diwarnai dengan ekstrak ubi jalar ungu Preparat mitosis akar bawang merah yang diwarnai dengan ekstrak buah senduduk dan ekstrak ubi jalar ungu dinyatakan sangat layak untuk digunakan sebagai preparat pada kegiatan praktikum pembelahan sel.Kata kunci: Preparat squash, senduduk, ubi jalar ungu, akar bawang merah Senduduk and sweet potatoes as staining for squash preparations of onion root tip. The exploration for the use of alternative dyes that are cheap and has a high affinity for cell components is carried out by the use of natural dyes produced by anthocyanins found in fruit Melastoma malabathricum, and sweet potato Ipomea batatas var. Ayumurakasi. The study design was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 1 factor, coloring time 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The data analysis was performed by descriptive qualitative of the quality of the preparations and the suitability of the preparations. Based on the results of the study the quality of the preparations stained with extracts of Senduduk fruit and purple sweet potato showed the best results in the staining time is 90 minutes with a percentage is 83.33% and 53.33%. The quality of the preparations stained with Senduduk fruit extract is better than that which is colored with purple sweet potato extract. Mitosis specimens of onion root stained with extracts of Senduduk fruit and purple sweet potato extract were declared very feasible to be used as a specimen for cell division practical activities.Keywords: Squash preparations, melastoma malabathricum, sweet potatoes, onion root tip.

The Inhibitory Effect of Garlic and Onion Root Exudates on Escherichia coli from Urinary Tract Infection and Molecular Detection of hlyA Virulence Gene

162 urine samples were collected from UTIs during October to December 2017 at Saladin General Hospital. E. coli was 38.9% of the collected samples. Women are more vulnerable to infection. The resistance percentage to Chloramphenicol, Ofloxacin, Ceftriaxone and Imipenem were 17% to 100%. The root exudates were prepared by using hydroponics with different periods: (7, 10 and 14 days). Onion (Allium cepa L.) root exudates have not any effect on the E. coli through the periods while root exudates of garlic (Allium sativum L.) gave the highest inhibitory effect at the period of 10 and 14 days. The virulence factors of E. coli were screened for the presence of hlyA through PCR and showed that all the resistant isolates could produce beta-hemolysis.